Apraxia inability to perform particular purposeful actions
Arachidonic acid cascade a complicated process in which the body responds to chemical
reactions of prostaglandins, leukotriene, and other substances to produce an inflammatory
response in the body
Ascending reticular activating system (ARAS) A set of connected nuclei in the brain
responsible for regulating arousal and sleep-wake cycles
Astrocytes a star-shaped glial cell that provides nutrients and maintain ion balance; plays
a role in repair and scar formation in the brain and SC
ataxia inability to perform coordinated movements
Athetoid movements Slow writhing movements of hands, feet, fingers, and toes usually
caused by lesions in the brain; hallmark of basal ganglia insult
,Atlas first cervical vertebra; allows for movement on saggital plane
Axis second cervical vertebra; allows for movement on horizontal plane
Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) 20 minute computerized
neuropsych battery given to each service member prior to deployment.
Autonomic Dysfunction syndrome a problem with the autonomic nervous system that
controls processes such as digestion, heart rate, the immune system and more
Awareness A state in which a person in conscious of the environment around them
Axis I disorders clinical disorders such as depression, anxiety, and phobias.
Axis II Disorders Personality disorders and intellectual disabilities; some diagnoses
include antisocial personality disorder and borderline personality disorder
, Axon long extension of a neuron that sends signals electrochemically from one neuron to
another
axonal shearing a condition of damage to axons, as a result of being twisted and
disconnected in a violent agitating motion
Ballisms Quick flailing movements
basal ganglia coordinates physical movements by relaying info from cortex to the brain
stem and cerebellum
Benign Neglect medical staff discomfort or inexperience in treating certain patients or
conditions (without intended malice)
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) a disorder of the inner ear resulting in
positional vertigo, causing a spinning sensation; an episode of mild-to-extreme dizziness that is a
result of a change of position of the head
binocular vision how the eyes are working together; deficits result in double vision