NR304 EXAM 2 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE EXAM TEST BANK 100 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

NR304 EXAM 2 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE EXAM TEST BANK 100 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS 31 pairs of spinal nerves - ANSWER-8 pairs of cervical nerves 12 pairs of thoracic nerves 5 pairs of lumbar nerves 5 pairs of sacral nerves 1 pair of coccygeal nerves .abduction - ANSWER-moving limb away from mid-line of body .Achilles or "Ankle Jerk" Reflex - ANSWER-Normal response Foot plantar flexes against your hand .adduction - ANSWER-moving limb toward mid-line of body .afferent - ANSWER-Sensory messages to CNS from receptors .Alzheimer's Disease - 10 Warning Signs - ANSWER-Memory Loss Losing Track Forgetting Words Getting Lost Poor Judgment Abstract Failing Losing Things Mood Swings Personality Change Growing Passive .Asses: Neurologic Check - ANSWER-Pupillary Response PERRLA, direct and consensual light reflex Brain-injured person Sudden unilateral dilated and nonreactive pupil - ominous Vital Signs Pulse and BP unreliable parameters Late signs of increased intracranial pressure (IICP) Cushing reflex BP sudden elevation with widening pulse pressure Decreasing HR and bounding (3+) .Ataxia - ANSWER-Unsteady or uncoordinated gait .Balance test Gait - ANSWER-Walk 10 to 20 feet, turns and returns to starting point "Smooth, easy, balanced with coordinated opposing arm swing" Unsteady or uncoordinated gait - ataxia .Balance test Romberg - ANSWER-Eyes open, stand with feet together, arms at side Then close eyes, wait 20 seconds; consider safety concerns Normal for slight swaying Loss of balance - Positive Romberg sign .Balance test Tandem walking - ANSWER-Heel-to-toe Normal walk straight, balanced .Bicep reflex - ANSWER-Normal response Contraction of the biceps muscle and flexion of the forearm .Bouchard Nodes - ANSWER-nodes are closer to the Body .Brachioradialis Reflex - ANSWER-Normal response Flexion and supination of the forearm .Brain stem * - ANSWER-Midbrain - motor Pons - 2 respiratory centers Medulla - respiratory, heart, and GI functions; crossing of motor tracts .Brudzinski's Sign - ANSWER-Passive neck flexion elicits involuntary hip flexion .Cerebellar Function Coordination and Skilled Movements- Finger-to-finger test - ANSWER-Eyes open; index finger to touch your finger, then his nose "Smooth, accurate bilaterally" Clumsy movement with overshooting - dysmetria Past-pointing - constant deviation to one side Intention tremor .Cerebellar Function Coordination and Skilled Movements- Finger-to-nose test - ANSWER-Close eyes, stretch arms out, touch tip of his nose with each index finger, alternating hands and increasing speed "Smooth, accurate bilaterally .Cerebellar Function Coordination and Skilled Movements- Heel-to-shin test - ANSWER-Supine position, place heel on opposite knee and run in down the skin from the knee to the ankle in a straight line "Smooth, accurate bilaterally" .Cerebellar Function Coordination and Skilled Movements- Rapid alternating movements (RAM) - ANSWER-Pat knees both hands, front and dorsum of hand, then faster Touch thumb to each finger on same hand, start with index finger and then reverse direction "Rapid, smooth, accurate bilaterally" Slow, clumsy, sloppy - dysdiadochokinesia .Cerebellum - ANSWER-Motor coordination, equilibrium, muscle tone .Cerebral cortex Center of functions: - ANSWER-Thought Memory Reasoning Sensation Voluntary movement .circumduction - ANSWER-moving arm in circle around shoulder .Clonic phase - ANSWER-violent muscular contractions, facial grimacing, increased heart rate .Clonus test - ANSWER-Test when reflexes are hyperactive. Support leg, move foot up and down a few times to relax the muscle. Then stretch the muscle by briskly dorsiflexing the foot. Hold the stretch. Normal response: Feel no further movement. If clonus present, feel rapid, rhythmic contractions of the calf muscle and movement of the foot. .CN I - Olfactory Nerve - ANSWER-Do not test routinely Assess patency, close eyes, occlude 1 nostril, sniff Coffee, toothpaste, orange, soap, peppermint Anosmia .CN II - Optic Nerve - ANSWER-Visual acuity, visual fields by confrontation Ophthalmoscope examine ocular fundus Papilledema - optic disc swelling, secondary to elevated intracranial pressure; vision usually good, bilateral, develops over hours to weeks .CN III, IV, and VI - Oculomotor, Trochlear, and Abducens Nerves - ANSWER-Palpebral fissures Open space between the eyelids are usually equal