BIOLOGY EOC Review Cells Exam
Q&A
Prophase - ANSWER-the chromosomes condense; the nuclear membrane breaks
down; spindle fibers attach to centromeres of the sister chromatids
Metaphase - ANSWER-the spindle fibers move the sister chromatids to the center of
the cell; the chromatids line up along the equator
Anaphase - ANSWER-the spindle fibers pull the sister chromatids apart at their
centromeres; each chromatid is an exact duplicate of its parent chromosome; one
chromatid from each pair is moved toward each end of the cell
Telophase - ANSWER-the spindle fibers disappear once the separated
chromosomes have moved to opposite ends of the cell; new nuclear membranes,
and thus two new nuclei, form around the chromosomes at each end of the cell
Cytokinesis - ANSWER-the division of the cytoplasm
Asexual reproduction - ANSWER-reproduction that involves only one parent
organism; all bacteria and protists reproduce this way; some fungi and plants
reproduce this way
Binary fission - ANSWER-type of asexual reproduction in which the parent splits in
two to form two identical daughter cells
Homeostasis - ANSWER-the ability of cells and organisms to maintain a stable
internal environment
Semipermeable membrane - ANSWER-the cell membrane allows some materials to
pass through it, but blocks other materials
Passive transport - ANSWER-the movement of materials into and out of a cell
without using energy
Diffusion - ANSWER-the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to
an area of low concentration until the molecules are evenly distributed; passive
transport
Osmosis - ANSWER-diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane; passive
transport
Facilitated transport (facilitated diffusion) - ANSWER-the diffusion of molecules
across a membrane with the aid of a channel protein; passive transport
Channel protein - ANSWER-proteins that freely float in the double layer of
phospholipids that make up a cell membrane
, Active transport - ANSWER-movement of molecules through the cell membrane
against a concentration gradient; move from an area of lower concentration to an
area of higher concentration; process requires energy
Stimulus - ANSWER-any change that a cell or organism reacts to
Response - ANSWER-reaction to a stimulus
Isotonic - ANSWER-a solution having the same concentration of solutes as the cell
Hypertonic - ANSWER-a solution having a greater concentration of solutes than the
cell
Hypotonic - ANSWER-a solution having a less concentration of solutes than the cell
Sodium-potassium pump - ANSWER-A cycle of the movement evolution can do
accomplishes that move of three Na+ in the direction of that out from the cell
together with this bring from two K+ ions toward the inside; an example of active
transport
Cellulose - ANSWER-polysaccharide (carbohydrate) that is the structural component
of a cell wall
Eukaryotic cell - ANSWER-contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
Prokaryotic cell - ANSWER-do not contain a nucleus nor do they have membrane
bound organelles
Carbohydrates - ANSWER-organic macromolecules composed of carbon, hydrogen,
and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio
Monosaccharide - ANSWER-simplest kind of carbohydrate; simple sugar; glucose,
galactose, and fructose are all examples
Polysaccharide - ANSWER-chains of monosaccharides; starch, cellulose, and
glycogen are examples
Function of Carbohydrates - ANSWER-break carbon bond to release quick energy
for use by the organism
Proteins - ANSWER-large molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,
nitrogen, and small amounts of sulfur; they are made up of building blocks called
amino acids
Amino acids - ANSWER-a carbon compound whose molecule contains at least one
amino group (-NH2) and one carboxyl group (-COOH); building blocks of proteins
Peptide bond - ANSWER-the bond that holds two amino acids together to ultimately
form polypeptides which are proteins
Q&A
Prophase - ANSWER-the chromosomes condense; the nuclear membrane breaks
down; spindle fibers attach to centromeres of the sister chromatids
Metaphase - ANSWER-the spindle fibers move the sister chromatids to the center of
the cell; the chromatids line up along the equator
Anaphase - ANSWER-the spindle fibers pull the sister chromatids apart at their
centromeres; each chromatid is an exact duplicate of its parent chromosome; one
chromatid from each pair is moved toward each end of the cell
Telophase - ANSWER-the spindle fibers disappear once the separated
chromosomes have moved to opposite ends of the cell; new nuclear membranes,
and thus two new nuclei, form around the chromosomes at each end of the cell
Cytokinesis - ANSWER-the division of the cytoplasm
Asexual reproduction - ANSWER-reproduction that involves only one parent
organism; all bacteria and protists reproduce this way; some fungi and plants
reproduce this way
Binary fission - ANSWER-type of asexual reproduction in which the parent splits in
two to form two identical daughter cells
Homeostasis - ANSWER-the ability of cells and organisms to maintain a stable
internal environment
Semipermeable membrane - ANSWER-the cell membrane allows some materials to
pass through it, but blocks other materials
Passive transport - ANSWER-the movement of materials into and out of a cell
without using energy
Diffusion - ANSWER-the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to
an area of low concentration until the molecules are evenly distributed; passive
transport
Osmosis - ANSWER-diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane; passive
transport
Facilitated transport (facilitated diffusion) - ANSWER-the diffusion of molecules
across a membrane with the aid of a channel protein; passive transport
Channel protein - ANSWER-proteins that freely float in the double layer of
phospholipids that make up a cell membrane
, Active transport - ANSWER-movement of molecules through the cell membrane
against a concentration gradient; move from an area of lower concentration to an
area of higher concentration; process requires energy
Stimulus - ANSWER-any change that a cell or organism reacts to
Response - ANSWER-reaction to a stimulus
Isotonic - ANSWER-a solution having the same concentration of solutes as the cell
Hypertonic - ANSWER-a solution having a greater concentration of solutes than the
cell
Hypotonic - ANSWER-a solution having a less concentration of solutes than the cell
Sodium-potassium pump - ANSWER-A cycle of the movement evolution can do
accomplishes that move of three Na+ in the direction of that out from the cell
together with this bring from two K+ ions toward the inside; an example of active
transport
Cellulose - ANSWER-polysaccharide (carbohydrate) that is the structural component
of a cell wall
Eukaryotic cell - ANSWER-contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
Prokaryotic cell - ANSWER-do not contain a nucleus nor do they have membrane
bound organelles
Carbohydrates - ANSWER-organic macromolecules composed of carbon, hydrogen,
and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio
Monosaccharide - ANSWER-simplest kind of carbohydrate; simple sugar; glucose,
galactose, and fructose are all examples
Polysaccharide - ANSWER-chains of monosaccharides; starch, cellulose, and
glycogen are examples
Function of Carbohydrates - ANSWER-break carbon bond to release quick energy
for use by the organism
Proteins - ANSWER-large molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,
nitrogen, and small amounts of sulfur; they are made up of building blocks called
amino acids
Amino acids - ANSWER-a carbon compound whose molecule contains at least one
amino group (-NH2) and one carboxyl group (-COOH); building blocks of proteins
Peptide bond - ANSWER-the bond that holds two amino acids together to ultimately
form polypeptides which are proteins
