Pediatric Nursing Final Exam Practice Questions
with Detailed Answers 2024-2025 Graded A+
The nurse is working in the oncology unit of a pediatric hospital. A child is reported to have an ANC
below 500. When planning the child's care, which of the following interventions would be most likely?
Select all that apply
A. Good hand washing
B. Administer analgesics PRN
C. Provide mouth care every 2 to 4 hours while awake and as needed
D. Avoid administration of live vaccines
A. Good hand washing
D. Avoid administration of live vaccines
ANC is the absolute neutrophil count. An ANC below 1000 indicates increased risk for infection. An ANC
below 500 increases the risk of life-threatening infection. Good hand washing is an important
intervention to protect this child from infection.
Pain is a potential complication for many types of cancer and should be adequately treated.
Mouth care is an important intervention to prevent stomatitis, a common side effect of many
chemotherapies; however, care does not need to be performed every 2 to 4 hours.
Children with a low ANC are at greater risk of developing infections. These children could potentially
develop the disease the vaccine is designed to protect them from
The nurse is assessing a 6-year-old child after initiating L-asparaginase. The child appears agitated and
complains of stomach pain. Further assessment reveals an itchy rash, swelling of the child's face and lips,
and increased respiratory distress. Which of the following interventions would be recommended? Select
all that apply.
A. Discontinue the medication immediately and flush the line with normal saline
B. Maintain an intravenous line with normal saline
,C. Closely monitor the child's vital signs
D. Prepare emergency equipment—bag and valve mask, suction, and oxygen—and prepare access to
emergency drugs (epinephrine, antihistamine, corticosteroid, vasopressors, and aminophylline)
A. Discontinue the medication immediately and flush the line with normal saline
B. Maintain an intravenous line with normal saline
C. Closely monitor the child's vital signs
D. Prepare emergency equipment—bag and valve mask, suction, and oxygen—and prepare access to
emergency drugs (epinephrine, antihistamine, corticosteroid, vasopressors, and aminophylline)
One of the major serious side effects of L-asparaginase is allergic or hypersensitivity reaction. Early
detection is imperative to successful intervention. All of the above would be considered initial responses
to a hypersensitivity reaction. Additionally, the nurse may need to notify the health care provider and
possibly activate the emergency response team.
The nurse admits 3-year-old Brian to the unit with a suspected diagnosis of medulloblastoma. Which of
the following assessment findings would be most likely? Select all that apply.
A. Waking in the morning with a headache
B. Bulging fontanel
C. Vomiting not related to eating
D. Seizures
A. Waking in the morning with a headache
C. Vomiting not related to eating
Waking in the morning with a headache is a common symptom of infratentorial brain tumors, such as
medulloblastomas.
An open fontanel is not found on a 3-year-old child. A bulging fontanel would be likely on a child
younger than 18 months old.
Vomiting not related to eating is a common symptom of medulloblastoma and is related to increased
intracranial pressure.
Although possible, seizures are more commonly associated with supratentorial brain tumors
,The nurse is asked by a family member about how to tell if a child has cancer. Which of the following
might be included in her list of symptoms associated with cancer in children? Select all that apply.
A. Unusual mass or swelling
B. Unexplained paleness or loss of energy
C. Sudden tendency to bruise
D. Persistent localized pain or limping
E. Frequent headaches, often with vomiting
F. Sudden eye or vision changes
G. Excessive, rapid weight loss
A. Unusual mass or swelling
B. Unexplained paleness or loss of energy
C. Sudden tendency to bruise
D. Persistent localized pain or limping
E. Frequent headaches, often with vomiting
F. Sudden eye or vision changes
G. Excessive, rapid weight loss
All of the above are considered important symptoms of childhood cancer. Unfortunately, many of them
are often attributed to other, less serious problems. Nurses must remain vigilant and support education
that promotes early detection and treatment.
It is most important for the nurse to include which instruction in teaching the family of a child who has
just completed chemotherapy?
A. Chemotherapy is the most effective method to eradicate cancer.
B. Children should receive childhood immunizations approximately 3 months after chemotherapy is
completed.
C. Lifestyle is the largest influence on the development of cancer.
D. Growth and development are not significant concerns for a child.
, B. Children should receive childhood immunizations approximately 3 months after chemotherapy is
completed.
What are appropriate nursing interventions for a child who has disturbed body image related to cancer
treatment?
A. Give the child a wig and explain that most children wear them.
B. Encourage visitation only by family members.
C. Encourage the child to determine how to cope with hair loss.
D. Encourage the child to spend most time alone.
B. Encourage visitation only by family members.
Which child is most at risk for anemia?
A. 6-month-old infant who is breastfeeding well
B. 13-month-old infant who is weaning to a whole milk diet
C. 10-year-old who eats school lunch daily
D. 12-year-old vegetarian
B. 13-month-old infant who is weaning to a whole milk diet
Cow's milk doesn't have iron in it
A 4-year-old child with anemia is receiving oral iron supplements. What dietary recommendation would
the nurse provide to this family?
A. Administer the iron with a dairy product
B. Administer the iron with apple juice
C. Administer the iron with orange juice
D. Administer the iron prior to breakfast
C. Administer the iron with orange juice
with Detailed Answers 2024-2025 Graded A+
The nurse is working in the oncology unit of a pediatric hospital. A child is reported to have an ANC
below 500. When planning the child's care, which of the following interventions would be most likely?
Select all that apply
A. Good hand washing
B. Administer analgesics PRN
C. Provide mouth care every 2 to 4 hours while awake and as needed
D. Avoid administration of live vaccines
A. Good hand washing
D. Avoid administration of live vaccines
ANC is the absolute neutrophil count. An ANC below 1000 indicates increased risk for infection. An ANC
below 500 increases the risk of life-threatening infection. Good hand washing is an important
intervention to protect this child from infection.
Pain is a potential complication for many types of cancer and should be adequately treated.
Mouth care is an important intervention to prevent stomatitis, a common side effect of many
chemotherapies; however, care does not need to be performed every 2 to 4 hours.
Children with a low ANC are at greater risk of developing infections. These children could potentially
develop the disease the vaccine is designed to protect them from
The nurse is assessing a 6-year-old child after initiating L-asparaginase. The child appears agitated and
complains of stomach pain. Further assessment reveals an itchy rash, swelling of the child's face and lips,
and increased respiratory distress. Which of the following interventions would be recommended? Select
all that apply.
A. Discontinue the medication immediately and flush the line with normal saline
B. Maintain an intravenous line with normal saline
,C. Closely monitor the child's vital signs
D. Prepare emergency equipment—bag and valve mask, suction, and oxygen—and prepare access to
emergency drugs (epinephrine, antihistamine, corticosteroid, vasopressors, and aminophylline)
A. Discontinue the medication immediately and flush the line with normal saline
B. Maintain an intravenous line with normal saline
C. Closely monitor the child's vital signs
D. Prepare emergency equipment—bag and valve mask, suction, and oxygen—and prepare access to
emergency drugs (epinephrine, antihistamine, corticosteroid, vasopressors, and aminophylline)
One of the major serious side effects of L-asparaginase is allergic or hypersensitivity reaction. Early
detection is imperative to successful intervention. All of the above would be considered initial responses
to a hypersensitivity reaction. Additionally, the nurse may need to notify the health care provider and
possibly activate the emergency response team.
The nurse admits 3-year-old Brian to the unit with a suspected diagnosis of medulloblastoma. Which of
the following assessment findings would be most likely? Select all that apply.
A. Waking in the morning with a headache
B. Bulging fontanel
C. Vomiting not related to eating
D. Seizures
A. Waking in the morning with a headache
C. Vomiting not related to eating
Waking in the morning with a headache is a common symptom of infratentorial brain tumors, such as
medulloblastomas.
An open fontanel is not found on a 3-year-old child. A bulging fontanel would be likely on a child
younger than 18 months old.
Vomiting not related to eating is a common symptom of medulloblastoma and is related to increased
intracranial pressure.
Although possible, seizures are more commonly associated with supratentorial brain tumors
,The nurse is asked by a family member about how to tell if a child has cancer. Which of the following
might be included in her list of symptoms associated with cancer in children? Select all that apply.
A. Unusual mass or swelling
B. Unexplained paleness or loss of energy
C. Sudden tendency to bruise
D. Persistent localized pain or limping
E. Frequent headaches, often with vomiting
F. Sudden eye or vision changes
G. Excessive, rapid weight loss
A. Unusual mass or swelling
B. Unexplained paleness or loss of energy
C. Sudden tendency to bruise
D. Persistent localized pain or limping
E. Frequent headaches, often with vomiting
F. Sudden eye or vision changes
G. Excessive, rapid weight loss
All of the above are considered important symptoms of childhood cancer. Unfortunately, many of them
are often attributed to other, less serious problems. Nurses must remain vigilant and support education
that promotes early detection and treatment.
It is most important for the nurse to include which instruction in teaching the family of a child who has
just completed chemotherapy?
A. Chemotherapy is the most effective method to eradicate cancer.
B. Children should receive childhood immunizations approximately 3 months after chemotherapy is
completed.
C. Lifestyle is the largest influence on the development of cancer.
D. Growth and development are not significant concerns for a child.
, B. Children should receive childhood immunizations approximately 3 months after chemotherapy is
completed.
What are appropriate nursing interventions for a child who has disturbed body image related to cancer
treatment?
A. Give the child a wig and explain that most children wear them.
B. Encourage visitation only by family members.
C. Encourage the child to determine how to cope with hair loss.
D. Encourage the child to spend most time alone.
B. Encourage visitation only by family members.
Which child is most at risk for anemia?
A. 6-month-old infant who is breastfeeding well
B. 13-month-old infant who is weaning to a whole milk diet
C. 10-year-old who eats school lunch daily
D. 12-year-old vegetarian
B. 13-month-old infant who is weaning to a whole milk diet
Cow's milk doesn't have iron in it
A 4-year-old child with anemia is receiving oral iron supplements. What dietary recommendation would
the nurse provide to this family?
A. Administer the iron with a dairy product
B. Administer the iron with apple juice
C. Administer the iron with orange juice
D. Administer the iron prior to breakfast
C. Administer the iron with orange juice
