PHRM 3004 MIDTERM REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS VERIFIED 100% CORRECT
Describe the advantages and disadvantages of OTC drugs - ✔✔Advantages
- patients may treat themselves
- no monitoring needed
- do not require authorization
Disadvantages
- no drug without risk
- drugs may interact
- no assistance
Therapeutic Classification - ✔✔describes the conditions for which medication is being given
(ex. antibiotic, antidepressant)
Pharmacologic Classification - ✔✔describes the mechanism by which the therapeutic effect
is achieved
(beta blockers, analgesics, opioids)
Prototype drug - ✔✔the well-understood drug model with which other drugs in its
representative class are compared
(morphine, propanolol, chlorpromazine)
Describe generic vs trade name of a drug - ✔✔Generic: describes active ingredient in drug
(ex. acetaminophen)
Trade: name used by company (ex. Tylenol)
,Describe the 3 drug class schedules in Canada - ✔✔Schedule I: drugs requring a prescription,
dispensed by a pharmacist
- FDR schedule F drugs (drugs with potential for abuse and misue, labelled with Pr
with limited number of refills
- FDR scheduled G drugs: controlled drugs must be labelled with C
- Narcotic Drugs
Schedule II: dispensed by pharmacist, must be stored away from public access
Schedule III: available OTC from a pharmacy
What is the role of the controlled drugs and substances act - ✔✔Outline penalties based on
offence related to controlled drug
- Possession
- Production
- Possession for exportation
- Trafficking
- Includes narcotic control regulations
What is pharmacokinetics - ✔✔Describes what the body does to a drug asnit enters the
blood, as it moves to
target tissues as it metabolized and as it is removed from the body
Describe the 4 processes of Pharmacokinetics - ✔✔Absorption-
Distribution
Metabolism-
Excretion-
,Describe absorption and what factors affect it - ✔✔absorption Is the movement of drug from
site of administration to circulation
Affected by:
- route
- GI tract environment
- blood flow and surface area
- drug ionization (PH of surrounding fluid)
Describe distribution and what factors affect it - ✔✔Distribution is the transportation of
drugs throughout the body to target tissue
Affected by:
- blood flow to target tissue
- drug solubility
Describe the blood brain barrier - ✔✔Protects brain cells from substances and pathogens by
preventing passage from the blood into the brain. It does allow through lipid-soluble
substances
Not fully developed in neonates
Describe the fetal placental barrier - ✔✔it prevents harmful substances from passing from
mother's blood stream to fetus. some substances can pass such as alcohol, cocaine, caffeine,
and some prescriptions
Describe metabolism and what factors affect it - ✔✔process where drugs nutrients vitamins
and minerals are altered and made more excitable
, Affected by:
- infants lack mature microsomal enzyme systems
- enzyme activity often reduced in older adults
- decreased metabolism with liver impairment
Describe the role of CYP enzyme in metabolism - ✔✔cytochromosome P450 CYP is an
enzyme that metabolizes many drugs and determines the speed of metabolization
Describe excretion and the factors that affect it - ✔✔removal of drug from the body
kidney is primary site for excretion
rate of excretion influences concentration of drug in blood
Describe the first pass effect - ✔✔when the concentration of the drug is greatly reduced
before it reaches systemic circulation. occurs in liver/kidneys
oral medication goes to liver, becomes inactivated/partially metabolized, goes to target tissue,
blood, excreted
Describe the terms: onset, duration, termination - ✔✔Onset - time from when drug is
administered to when its in therapeutic range
Duration - time period at which drug concentration is in therapeutic range
Termination - time from when drug is administered until its concentration drops out of range
Describe drug half life - ✔✔provides estimate of duration of action
Short life = medication given more often
ANSWERS VERIFIED 100% CORRECT
Describe the advantages and disadvantages of OTC drugs - ✔✔Advantages
- patients may treat themselves
- no monitoring needed
- do not require authorization
Disadvantages
- no drug without risk
- drugs may interact
- no assistance
Therapeutic Classification - ✔✔describes the conditions for which medication is being given
(ex. antibiotic, antidepressant)
Pharmacologic Classification - ✔✔describes the mechanism by which the therapeutic effect
is achieved
(beta blockers, analgesics, opioids)
Prototype drug - ✔✔the well-understood drug model with which other drugs in its
representative class are compared
(morphine, propanolol, chlorpromazine)
Describe generic vs trade name of a drug - ✔✔Generic: describes active ingredient in drug
(ex. acetaminophen)
Trade: name used by company (ex. Tylenol)
,Describe the 3 drug class schedules in Canada - ✔✔Schedule I: drugs requring a prescription,
dispensed by a pharmacist
- FDR schedule F drugs (drugs with potential for abuse and misue, labelled with Pr
with limited number of refills
- FDR scheduled G drugs: controlled drugs must be labelled with C
- Narcotic Drugs
Schedule II: dispensed by pharmacist, must be stored away from public access
Schedule III: available OTC from a pharmacy
What is the role of the controlled drugs and substances act - ✔✔Outline penalties based on
offence related to controlled drug
- Possession
- Production
- Possession for exportation
- Trafficking
- Includes narcotic control regulations
What is pharmacokinetics - ✔✔Describes what the body does to a drug asnit enters the
blood, as it moves to
target tissues as it metabolized and as it is removed from the body
Describe the 4 processes of Pharmacokinetics - ✔✔Absorption-
Distribution
Metabolism-
Excretion-
,Describe absorption and what factors affect it - ✔✔absorption Is the movement of drug from
site of administration to circulation
Affected by:
- route
- GI tract environment
- blood flow and surface area
- drug ionization (PH of surrounding fluid)
Describe distribution and what factors affect it - ✔✔Distribution is the transportation of
drugs throughout the body to target tissue
Affected by:
- blood flow to target tissue
- drug solubility
Describe the blood brain barrier - ✔✔Protects brain cells from substances and pathogens by
preventing passage from the blood into the brain. It does allow through lipid-soluble
substances
Not fully developed in neonates
Describe the fetal placental barrier - ✔✔it prevents harmful substances from passing from
mother's blood stream to fetus. some substances can pass such as alcohol, cocaine, caffeine,
and some prescriptions
Describe metabolism and what factors affect it - ✔✔process where drugs nutrients vitamins
and minerals are altered and made more excitable
, Affected by:
- infants lack mature microsomal enzyme systems
- enzyme activity often reduced in older adults
- decreased metabolism with liver impairment
Describe the role of CYP enzyme in metabolism - ✔✔cytochromosome P450 CYP is an
enzyme that metabolizes many drugs and determines the speed of metabolization
Describe excretion and the factors that affect it - ✔✔removal of drug from the body
kidney is primary site for excretion
rate of excretion influences concentration of drug in blood
Describe the first pass effect - ✔✔when the concentration of the drug is greatly reduced
before it reaches systemic circulation. occurs in liver/kidneys
oral medication goes to liver, becomes inactivated/partially metabolized, goes to target tissue,
blood, excreted
Describe the terms: onset, duration, termination - ✔✔Onset - time from when drug is
administered to when its in therapeutic range
Duration - time period at which drug concentration is in therapeutic range
Termination - time from when drug is administered until its concentration drops out of range
Describe drug half life - ✔✔provides estimate of duration of action
Short life = medication given more often
