Med Surg Practice Questions (Exam #1) WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
1.What responses does the nurse expect as a result of infusing
500 mL liter of a 3% saline intravenous solution into a client over
a 1-hour time period?
a) Plasma volume osmolarity increases; blood pressure increases
b) Plasma volume osmolarity decreases; blood pressure increases
c) Plasma volume osmolarity increases; blood pressure decreases
d) Plasma volume osmolarity decreases; blood pressure
decreases: a) Plasma volume osmolarity increases; blood
pressure increases
2.The nurse is reviewing laboratory results and notes that a
client's serum sodium level is 150 mEq/L. The nurse reports the
serum sodium level to the health care provider (HCP) and the HCP
prescribes dietary instructions based on the sodium level. Which
food item does the nurse instruct the client to avoid?
a) Peas
b) Nuts
c) Cauliflower
d) Processed oat cereals: d) Processed oat cereals
3.The nurse cares for a client with dehydration. Which signs or
symptoms is the nurse likely to observe in this client? Select all
,that apply
a) The client's heart rate is 110 beats/min
b) The client's respiratory rate is 9 breaths/min
c) The client's serum osmolarity is low
d) The client's serum potassium is 5.2 mEq/L
e) The client's serum sodium level is 148 mEq/L: a) The client's
heart rate is 110 beats/min
d)The client's serum potassium is 5.2 mEq/L
e) The client's serum sodium level is 148 mEq/L
4.A nursing caring for an elderly adult client assesses for which
symptoms of severe dehydration? Select all that apply
a) Capillary refill of two seconds
b) Decreased thirst sensation
c) Dryness to oral mucosa
d) Resting heart rate of 105 beats/min.
e) Tenting of skin on hands: c) Dryness to oral mucosa
d) Resting heart rate of 105 beats/min.
,5.The nurse is preparing to care for a client with a potassium deficit. The
nurse reviews the client's record and determines that the client was at
risk for developing the potassium deficit because of which situation?
a) Sustained tissue damage
b) Requires nasogastric suction
c) Has a history of Addison's disease
d) Is taking a potassium-retaining diuretic: b) Requires nasogastric suction
6.The nurse reviews a client's laboratory report and notes that the client's
serum phosphorus level is 2 mg/dL. Which condition most likely caused
this serum phosphorus level?
a) Alcoholism
b) Renal insufficiency
c) Hypoparathyroidism
d) Tumor lysis syndrome: a) Alcoholism
7.The nurse is caring for a client with heart failure. On assessment, the
nurse notes that the client is dyspneic and crackles are audible on
auscultation. What additional signs would the nurse expect to note in this
client if excess fluid volume is present?
a) Weight loss
b) Flat neck and hand veins
c) An increase in blood pressure
d) Decreased central venous pressure (CVP): c) An increase in blood
, pressure
8.A peroperative nurse is assessing a client prior to surgery. Which
informa- tion would be most important to relay?
a) use of herbs and supplements
b) history of lactose intolerance
c) no previous experience with surgery
d) allergy to bee and wasp stings: a) use of herbs and supplements
9.A peroperative nurse is reviewing morning labs on four clients waiting
for surgery. Which would he report immediately?
a) sodium: 134 mEq/L
b) hemoglobin: 14.8 mg/dL
c) potassium: 2.9 mEq/L
d) creatinine: 1.2 mg/dL: c) potassium: 2.9 mEq/L
ANSWERS
1.What responses does the nurse expect as a result of infusing
500 mL liter of a 3% saline intravenous solution into a client over
a 1-hour time period?
a) Plasma volume osmolarity increases; blood pressure increases
b) Plasma volume osmolarity decreases; blood pressure increases
c) Plasma volume osmolarity increases; blood pressure decreases
d) Plasma volume osmolarity decreases; blood pressure
decreases: a) Plasma volume osmolarity increases; blood
pressure increases
2.The nurse is reviewing laboratory results and notes that a
client's serum sodium level is 150 mEq/L. The nurse reports the
serum sodium level to the health care provider (HCP) and the HCP
prescribes dietary instructions based on the sodium level. Which
food item does the nurse instruct the client to avoid?
a) Peas
b) Nuts
c) Cauliflower
d) Processed oat cereals: d) Processed oat cereals
3.The nurse cares for a client with dehydration. Which signs or
symptoms is the nurse likely to observe in this client? Select all
,that apply
a) The client's heart rate is 110 beats/min
b) The client's respiratory rate is 9 breaths/min
c) The client's serum osmolarity is low
d) The client's serum potassium is 5.2 mEq/L
e) The client's serum sodium level is 148 mEq/L: a) The client's
heart rate is 110 beats/min
d)The client's serum potassium is 5.2 mEq/L
e) The client's serum sodium level is 148 mEq/L
4.A nursing caring for an elderly adult client assesses for which
symptoms of severe dehydration? Select all that apply
a) Capillary refill of two seconds
b) Decreased thirst sensation
c) Dryness to oral mucosa
d) Resting heart rate of 105 beats/min.
e) Tenting of skin on hands: c) Dryness to oral mucosa
d) Resting heart rate of 105 beats/min.
,5.The nurse is preparing to care for a client with a potassium deficit. The
nurse reviews the client's record and determines that the client was at
risk for developing the potassium deficit because of which situation?
a) Sustained tissue damage
b) Requires nasogastric suction
c) Has a history of Addison's disease
d) Is taking a potassium-retaining diuretic: b) Requires nasogastric suction
6.The nurse reviews a client's laboratory report and notes that the client's
serum phosphorus level is 2 mg/dL. Which condition most likely caused
this serum phosphorus level?
a) Alcoholism
b) Renal insufficiency
c) Hypoparathyroidism
d) Tumor lysis syndrome: a) Alcoholism
7.The nurse is caring for a client with heart failure. On assessment, the
nurse notes that the client is dyspneic and crackles are audible on
auscultation. What additional signs would the nurse expect to note in this
client if excess fluid volume is present?
a) Weight loss
b) Flat neck and hand veins
c) An increase in blood pressure
d) Decreased central venous pressure (CVP): c) An increase in blood
, pressure
8.A peroperative nurse is assessing a client prior to surgery. Which
informa- tion would be most important to relay?
a) use of herbs and supplements
b) history of lactose intolerance
c) no previous experience with surgery
d) allergy to bee and wasp stings: a) use of herbs and supplements
9.A peroperative nurse is reviewing morning labs on four clients waiting
for surgery. Which would he report immediately?
a) sodium: 134 mEq/L
b) hemoglobin: 14.8 mg/dL
c) potassium: 2.9 mEq/L
d) creatinine: 1.2 mg/dL: c) potassium: 2.9 mEq/L
