Nanomedicine Test 2 UPDATED ACTUAL
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
intravenous - CORRECT ANSWER - what is the fastest parenteral way to introduce
nanoparticles into the body?
examples of parenteral routes - CORRECT ANSWER - injected, intravenous,
intramuscular, intradermal, nasal sprays, sublingual, systemic
bypass the GI tract and mucus membranes (the concentration is not reduced before it reaches
systemic circulation) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅- why would you choose a parenteral route
instead of enteral?
enteral route - CORRECT ANSWER - route of administration that is through the mouth,
systemic
parenteral - CORRECT ANSWER - what is the most common way NPs are administers?
pharmacokinetics - CORRECT ANSWER - describes the movement of a drug around the
body
absorption, distribution, metabolism, expiration - CORRECT ANSWER - what does
ADME stand for ?
toxicokinetics - CORRECT ANSWER - pharmakinetics studied at high doses
Tmax - CORRECT ANSWER - this is the highest point on the graph and the highest
concentration of the drug in the body, therapeutic effects AND side effects happen here
1 - CORRECT ANSWER - this is the absorption phase
, 3 - CORRECT ANSWER - this is the elimination phase
half-life (T1/2) - CORRECT ANSWER - how much time it takes for the Cmax to be
reduced by 50%
half life - CORRECT ANSWER - what occurs at the start of the elimination phase?
increase - CORRECT ANSWER - if we want prolonged blood circulation of the NP we
will __________ the half life
decrease - CORRECT ANSWER - if we want rapid elimination of the NP, we will
_________ the half life
factors that contribute to rapid elimination - CORRECT ANSWER - opsonization or
corona effect; renal clearance
opsonization and mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) - CORRECT ANSWER -
function of this system is to inactive and eliminate dead cells, bacteria, and foreign particles
surface modification, size, surface charge, shape - CORRECT ANSWER - how can we
avoid rapid clearance by MPS?
surface modification - CORRECT ANSWER - conjugation of polyethylene glycol through
covalent bond: prevents nonspecific interactions with serum proteins, attachment of cholesterol
and other lipophilic groups, mushroom and brush model
drawbacks of surface modification - CORRECT ANSWER - weakens the interactions
between the NPs and the target cells, which often causes inefficient intercellular delivery;
instability by altering the hydrophilicity and hyrophobicity of the NP
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
intravenous - CORRECT ANSWER - what is the fastest parenteral way to introduce
nanoparticles into the body?
examples of parenteral routes - CORRECT ANSWER - injected, intravenous,
intramuscular, intradermal, nasal sprays, sublingual, systemic
bypass the GI tract and mucus membranes (the concentration is not reduced before it reaches
systemic circulation) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅- why would you choose a parenteral route
instead of enteral?
enteral route - CORRECT ANSWER - route of administration that is through the mouth,
systemic
parenteral - CORRECT ANSWER - what is the most common way NPs are administers?
pharmacokinetics - CORRECT ANSWER - describes the movement of a drug around the
body
absorption, distribution, metabolism, expiration - CORRECT ANSWER - what does
ADME stand for ?
toxicokinetics - CORRECT ANSWER - pharmakinetics studied at high doses
Tmax - CORRECT ANSWER - this is the highest point on the graph and the highest
concentration of the drug in the body, therapeutic effects AND side effects happen here
1 - CORRECT ANSWER - this is the absorption phase
, 3 - CORRECT ANSWER - this is the elimination phase
half-life (T1/2) - CORRECT ANSWER - how much time it takes for the Cmax to be
reduced by 50%
half life - CORRECT ANSWER - what occurs at the start of the elimination phase?
increase - CORRECT ANSWER - if we want prolonged blood circulation of the NP we
will __________ the half life
decrease - CORRECT ANSWER - if we want rapid elimination of the NP, we will
_________ the half life
factors that contribute to rapid elimination - CORRECT ANSWER - opsonization or
corona effect; renal clearance
opsonization and mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) - CORRECT ANSWER -
function of this system is to inactive and eliminate dead cells, bacteria, and foreign particles
surface modification, size, surface charge, shape - CORRECT ANSWER - how can we
avoid rapid clearance by MPS?
surface modification - CORRECT ANSWER - conjugation of polyethylene glycol through
covalent bond: prevents nonspecific interactions with serum proteins, attachment of cholesterol
and other lipophilic groups, mushroom and brush model
drawbacks of surface modification - CORRECT ANSWER - weakens the interactions
between the NPs and the target cells, which often causes inefficient intercellular delivery;
instability by altering the hydrophilicity and hyrophobicity of the NP
