Transmissible cancers and Nanomedicines
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
What two species do transmissible cancers effect? - CORRECT ANSWER - Dogs and
Tasmanian devils.
What is a transmissible cancer? - CORRECT ANSWER - cancers that are passed between
species by the transfer of living cells.
Transmissible cancers vs normal cancers - CORRECT ANSWER - in transmissible
cancers cells get transferred, and the cancers can liv elonger than the patients themselves. In
normal cancers, cells are from human tissue, and are caused by mutations.
What is devil face tumour disease? - CORRECT ANSWER - a type of transmissible
cancers that effects Tasmanian devils. It has two genetically and geographically distinct subtypes.
DFTD 1 and 2.
What does the disease DFTD look like? - CORRECT ANSWER - Tramsitted via biting, as
TD are aggressive species, causing large undifferentiated tumours of the face of tasmian devils.
Disease is typically fatal in months and has caused 97% decrease in populations of TD. Behaves
as an asexual parasite or pathogen.
How can DFTD be treated? - CORRECT ANSWER - allograft or allotransplant of cells
from an individual of the same species.
What is CTVT? - CORRECT ANSWER - Tumor in the genitals of dogs, described as
looking like cauliflower that has been around for 100s of years.
What does a CTVT tumoru look like? - CORRECT ANSWER - described as looking like
cauliflower. Bright red, ulcerated, necrotic.
, How can tehse tumours be treated? - CORRECT ANSWER - 2-3 doses of drugs, if owners
get pets treated quickly, is usually successfully cured. Rarely metastisise and rarely fatal.
What are the phases in CTVT? - CORRECT ANSWER - initial growth phase, then stable
phase, them regression.
How is CTVT spread? - CORRECT ANSWER - biting or mating. Cancers behave as a
parasite like in DFTD.
How do transmissible cancers evade immune system? - CORRECT ANSWER - Both
examples down regulate MHC function and become invisible to host T cells. CTVT don't express
MHC molecules during growth period. DFT downregulate genes that allow antigen presentation.
Both examples are able to express MHV )haven't lost the genes)
What are the host characteristics of Transmissible cancers hosts? - CORRECT ANSWER -
no evidence of compromised immune system, DLA genotype influences growth of tumour (dog
equiv of HLA), devils underwent recent population bottlenecks (populations were massively
reduced), this reduced genetic diversity, meaning that foreign cells are less foreign.
How do cancer cells evade immune detection? - CORRECT ANSWER -
How can regression spontaneously occur? - CORRECT ANSWER -
What is the name of the drug to treat CTVT in dogs? - CORRECT ANSWER - Vincristine.
What are MHC cells? - CORRECT ANSWER - antigen presenting cells, allowing immune
systems torecognise foreign and nonself cells. Has 3 alpha domains, which interact with a beta
domain. Alpha 3 interacts with Cd8 cells and CTL cells to trigger an immune response.
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
What two species do transmissible cancers effect? - CORRECT ANSWER - Dogs and
Tasmanian devils.
What is a transmissible cancer? - CORRECT ANSWER - cancers that are passed between
species by the transfer of living cells.
Transmissible cancers vs normal cancers - CORRECT ANSWER - in transmissible
cancers cells get transferred, and the cancers can liv elonger than the patients themselves. In
normal cancers, cells are from human tissue, and are caused by mutations.
What is devil face tumour disease? - CORRECT ANSWER - a type of transmissible
cancers that effects Tasmanian devils. It has two genetically and geographically distinct subtypes.
DFTD 1 and 2.
What does the disease DFTD look like? - CORRECT ANSWER - Tramsitted via biting, as
TD are aggressive species, causing large undifferentiated tumours of the face of tasmian devils.
Disease is typically fatal in months and has caused 97% decrease in populations of TD. Behaves
as an asexual parasite or pathogen.
How can DFTD be treated? - CORRECT ANSWER - allograft or allotransplant of cells
from an individual of the same species.
What is CTVT? - CORRECT ANSWER - Tumor in the genitals of dogs, described as
looking like cauliflower that has been around for 100s of years.
What does a CTVT tumoru look like? - CORRECT ANSWER - described as looking like
cauliflower. Bright red, ulcerated, necrotic.
, How can tehse tumours be treated? - CORRECT ANSWER - 2-3 doses of drugs, if owners
get pets treated quickly, is usually successfully cured. Rarely metastisise and rarely fatal.
What are the phases in CTVT? - CORRECT ANSWER - initial growth phase, then stable
phase, them regression.
How is CTVT spread? - CORRECT ANSWER - biting or mating. Cancers behave as a
parasite like in DFTD.
How do transmissible cancers evade immune system? - CORRECT ANSWER - Both
examples down regulate MHC function and become invisible to host T cells. CTVT don't express
MHC molecules during growth period. DFT downregulate genes that allow antigen presentation.
Both examples are able to express MHV )haven't lost the genes)
What are the host characteristics of Transmissible cancers hosts? - CORRECT ANSWER -
no evidence of compromised immune system, DLA genotype influences growth of tumour (dog
equiv of HLA), devils underwent recent population bottlenecks (populations were massively
reduced), this reduced genetic diversity, meaning that foreign cells are less foreign.
How do cancer cells evade immune detection? - CORRECT ANSWER -
How can regression spontaneously occur? - CORRECT ANSWER -
What is the name of the drug to treat CTVT in dogs? - CORRECT ANSWER - Vincristine.
What are MHC cells? - CORRECT ANSWER - antigen presenting cells, allowing immune
systems torecognise foreign and nonself cells. Has 3 alpha domains, which interact with a beta
domain. Alpha 3 interacts with Cd8 cells and CTL cells to trigger an immune response.
