Health Education Community Nursing Questions and Answers correct

Health Education Community Nursing Questions and Answers correct Education establishment and arrangement of events to facilitate learning Education Emphasizes what Emphasizes the provider provides knowledge and skills Learning is gaining knowledge & skills that results in measurable change that occurs over time Learning Emphasizes what Emphasizes the recipient of knowledge and skills Mastery occurs in order of difficulty ( Simple →→ Complex ) HEALTH EDUCATION combination of planned learning experiences based on sound theories that provide people, groups, and communities the opportunity to acquire information and skills needed to make quality health decisions. is much more than just giving people information what is a component of quality health education? health literacy Goals of Health Education (5) Encourage informed changes in lifestyle Prevent acute and chronic disease Decrease disability Enhance wellness Empower the patient CHN role/practice- Key words (3) prevent, empower, and enhance. Primary prevention: Teaching topics (7) Safety, nutrition, dental hygiene, basic first aid, vaccine preventable illnesses, personal hygiene, sleep hygiene Primary level Reduces the likelihood of disease occurring Secondary level Early detection Screenings Secondary prevention: Teaching Topics (2) performing SBE, cancer screenings, etc. Tertiary level treatment, care and rehabilitation to prevent further progression of disease and disability Tertiary prevention: Teaching Topic use the word managing in the title insert a chronic illness and make topic specific to your population Healthy People 2020: Educational and Community-Based Programs Objective/Goal " Increase the quality, availability, and effectiveness of educational and community-based programs designed to prevent disease and injury, improve health, and enhance quality of life". Health status and related health behaviors are determined by influences at multiple levels: (4) important to know that there are other factors not just personal ones Personal Organizational/institutional Environmental Policy The Educational Process: (5) 1. Identify educational needs 2. Establish educational goals and objectives 3. Select appropriate educational methods 4. Implement the educational plan 5. Evaluate the educational process Teaching-learning, incorporates: planning a results driven plan that optimizes the principles of learning Steps in the Teaching-Learning Process 1.Assessment of learner's characteristics and needs 2. Develop expected learning outcomes 3. Develop teaching plan (Content/strategies) 4. Implement teaching plan 5. Evaluate (Achievement of learning outcome and Teaching process) Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligence individuals learn via various modalities. Bloom's Taxonomy/ Learning Domains cognitive, affective and psychomotor. content/strategies should be offered in these multiple modalities Nurse's Assessment of Learner Age, developmental stage, level of education Health beliefs Motivation, readiness to learn Health risks Current knowledge and skills Barriers and facilitators to learning Educational Issues (3) 1. Population considerations -Populations based on age -Populations based on culture 2. Barriers to Learning -Educator-related barriers -Learner-related barriers 3. Technological Issues -Computer games and programs -Internet and the World Wide Web Pedagogy is the art and science of teaching children or adults with limited knowledge about the subject. teacher has full responsibility about how, what, and when a subject will be learned learner needs to know only what the teacher teaches them student is in a submissive role, usually results in passive learners Andragogy Self- directed adult learners or for people with some knowledge about the subject Cultural competency can be an issue if the teacher does not plan for the multi-linguistic needs ( written materials) or if they can not accept that person's views on health/ illness. Learner's barriers to learning 1. low literacy ology Goals should theses 3 things Broad Long-term include expected outcomes HP 2020 Goals DIRECT Health Education. Objectives are these 2 things specific, short-term criteria 4 Parts of an Objective Who will exhibit the behavior What behavior is expected Conditions of the behavior Standards of performance example of a well written objective The criteria does not have to be in a certain order Following the germ prevention presentation (condition), 80% (what) of the 2nd grade class (who) will demonstrate proper hand-washing by : selecting the proper supplies, using the items in the proper order, singing the ABC song and using a paper towel to turn off the facet (standard). Theories of Learning Used to understand how people learn; design & implement education Match learner characteristics with educational approach of theory Cognitive Theory Rudimentary cognition is required Changes behavior by providing information & changing thought patterns Examples of Cognitive Educational Theories: Seat belts save lives Cigarettes cause cancer Walking is beneficial to overall health New USDA's My Plate Behavioral Theory Changes behavior using feedback and reinforcement educator has control over rewards and consequences Examples of Behavioral Educational Theories Walking- pedometers, most steps wins Quit smoking, use money saved/year for vacation. Click it or ticket Critical Theory Changes thinking and increases depth of knowledge through open dialogue and open inquiry. Examples of Critical Educational Theories EX. ( pace walking) outdoor - versus indoor treadmill What happens to my lungs if I quit smoking? Developmental Theory Considers developmental stage to determining readiness to learn Infancy through old age Examples of Developmental Educational Theories walking In elderly: focus is on falls prevention and walking Safety In toddlers: focus on stair and climbing/ poison safety Dental hygine kids- how to brush, when and why old- importance of still brushing w/ w/o teeth smoking: kids- prevention old-stop smoking Humanistic Utilizes influential effects of feelings, emotions, relationships on behavior Examples of Humanistic Educational Theories Walking: "mrs. smith have you tried walking with your husband?" seat belts: pt uses seat belt bc her 4 year old grand kid always reminds her smoking: "mrs. brown have you considered the effects of second hand smoke on your baby?" Social Learning Theory "monkey see monkey do" Behavior is a function of expectations and beliefs: Considers self-efficacy -Confidence -Knowledge and skill Examples of Social Learning Educational Theories combines (self-efficacy) more than belief in ability to do "Just Say No" EX. MY co worker quit a 3 pack a day 20 year habit so I can do it too Domains of learning (Bloom's) (selecting content) Cognitive Psychomotor Affective Level of learning (selecting content) content progresses form simple to complex levels of learning progress from Knowledge, to comprehension, to application, to analysis, to synthesis, and evaluation What is important to remember when selecting content and teaching it to people? Teaching above or below the client's level of understanding leads to frustration & discouragement Domains of Learning: Cognitive Recall/Memory Comprehension Application Analysis Synthesis Evaluation Cognitive Domain of Learning example EX. Hand washing: What supplies do I need (recall)? Explain the order of the supplies used for hand washing (Comprehension)? When should I wash my hands( application)? Why is it important for me turn the facet off with a paper towel (analysis)? What would happen if I use my clean hands (analysis)? Explain to me how to properly wash hands (synthesis.) Show me how to properly wash your hands (evaluation). Domains of Learning: Affective focuses on changing in attitudes & values Difficult to change deeply rooted attitudes, values & beliefs Affective Domain of Learning example EX. this is your brain on drugs (fried egg). have people samples a low salt food item/healthy snack & enjoys. Psychomotor domain of learning focus on performance skills that require neuromuscular coordination Psychomotor Domain of Learning example EX. allow kids to make a healthy snack during a nutrition presentation make ants on a log, granola and yogurt Community health nurses acts as what? Change agent and Change partner to facilitate change Kurt Lewin developed original work on change theory the book "changing for good" this model has shown great sucess w/ addictive behaviors utilized in tobacco cessation programs Developing Interventions for Behavior Change: nurses role as change agent (2) Assess the behavior Educate about the need for/benefits of change Developing Interventions for Behavior Change: nurses role as change partner (5) Motivate by using personalized messages Assess and increase self-efficacy Decrease barriers to change Modify behavior Maintain behavioral change Health Belief Model -why is it used -guides nurses in choosing what? used to predict/ explain health behavior Explains the role of values and beliefs helps nurse choose educational strategies Primary objective of Social Marketing is what change behavior Social Marketing Key attributes: Strategies should be what two things? Offering of benefits Reduction of barriers Strategies should be: Consumer oriented Culturally sensitive Example of Social Marketing removal of wine and cig billboards in the inner city