PSCH 242 UIC Exam 3 Questions And
Answers
Level bof bConstraint b- bcorrect banswers✔✔How bmuch bcontrol bthe bresearcher bhas
bover bthe bdesign band bprogression bof bthe bstudy
Archival bStudy b- bcorrect banswers✔✔A bstudy bin bwhich bdata bis bcollected bfrom ba
bvariety bof bhistorical brecords band bpre-existing bsources.
Archival bStudy bAdvantages b- bcorrect banswers✔✔Can boften brely bon bhuge bdata
bsets, band bthere bis bno bresearcher binfluence brisk.
Archival bStudy bLimitations b- bcorrect banswers✔✔There bare balternatives bpresent bthat
bcan bexplain bhypotheses bin ba bvariety bof bcases band bfew bways bto bamend bthis.
bCombinations bof bstatistics bcould balso bbe bused bto blimit bthis bissue, bsuch bas
bbaseball battendance band bweather bto blimit bbias. bAdditionally, bsources bare bnot
balways breliable, band bthere bis bno bcontrol bover bdata bcollection.
Naturalistic bObservation b- bcorrect banswers✔✔Observing band brecording bbehavior bin
bnaturally boccurring bsituations bwithout btrying bto bmanipulate band bcontrol bthe
bsituation.
Naturalistic bObservation bAdvantages b- bcorrect banswers✔✔realistic bpicture bof
bbehavior, bactions bare bpure.
Naturalistic bObservation bLimitations b- bcorrect banswers✔✔Limited bscope bof
bobservation, breliable band bvalid bmeasures bare bvery bdifficult bto bcreate.
General bLimitations bof bLow-Constraint bMethods b- bcorrect banswers✔✔Limited
bgeneralizability, blimited breplicability, blot bof broom bfor bexperimenter b(confirmation)
bbias, bvery blimited bvalidity bof bmeasure bat btimes, bmistaken bcausality.
Differences bbetween bCorrelational blower bmethods bof bresearch b- bcorrect
banswers✔✔Higher blevels bof bconstraint, bnarrower bfocus, bmore bstandardized
bprocedures, bcontrol bover bwhen band bhow bvariables bare bmeasured.
, Differences bbetween bDifferential band blower bmethods bof bresearch b- bcorrect
banswers✔✔Narrower bfocus, bstandardized bprocedures, bcontrol bover bhow band bwhen
bvariables bare bmeasured, band b*additional* bcontrol bover bConfounding bVariables.
Problem bStatements bin bCorrelational bResearch b- bcorrect banswers✔✔Always
bcontain bat bleast btwo bvariables. b"Is bthere ba brelationship bbetween bvariable bX band
bvariable bY?"
Problem bStatements bin bDifferential bResearch b- bcorrect banswers✔✔"Does bgroup bA
bdiffer bfrom bgroup bB bon bvariable bY b(the bdependent bvariable)?"
Differences bBetween bCorrelational band bDifferential bStudies b- bcorrect
banswers✔✔Correlational bobserves ba brelationship bbetween btwo bvariables bwhile
bdifferential bobserves ba brelationship bbetween btwo bvariables bbased bon btwo bor bmore
bpre-established bgroups.
Confounding bVariables b- bcorrect banswers✔✔Variables bthat bvary balong bwith bthe
bindependent bvariable. bA bvariable bthat bis blikely bto bhave ban bunwanted beffect bon
bthe bdependent bvariable.
How bto bdeal bwith bconfounds bin bCorrelational bResearch b- bcorrect
banswers✔✔Statistically bcontrol bfor beffects bof bpossible bconfounding bvariables
How bto bDeal bwith bConfounds bin bDifferential bResearch b- bcorrect banswers✔✔Select
bappropriate bcomparison bgroups. bGoal: b"all belse bequal."
Limitations bof bCorrelational bResearch b- bcorrect banswers✔✔Cannot bdraw
bconclusions babout bcausality. bRelies bexclusively bon bmeasured bvariables.
Limitations bof bDifferential bResearch b- bcorrect banswers✔✔Cannot bdraw bconclusions
babout bcausality. bRelies bexclusively bon bmeasured bvariables, bthough bthere bis bmore
bcontrol bas bthey bmay bbe bseparated bby bcharacteristics.
Operational bDefinition b- bcorrect banswers✔✔The bprocedure bused bto bmeasure
band/or bmanipulate bvariables.
Research bHypothesis b- bcorrect banswers✔✔The bhypothesis bthat bthe bvariables
bunder binvestigation bare brelated bin bthe bpopulation b- bthat bthe bobserved beffect
bbased bon bsample bdata bis btrue bin bthe bpopulation.
Logic bbehind btesting ba bresearch bhypothesis b- bcorrect banswers✔✔The bresearch
bhypothesis bmay bnot bbe bproven bcorrect, bbut bsupport bfor bit bcan bbe bfound bby
bproving bit bpossible b(e.g., bproving bthe bnull bhypothesis bfalse, band balternative
bexplanations bcan bbe bruled bout.)
Answers
Level bof bConstraint b- bcorrect banswers✔✔How bmuch bcontrol bthe bresearcher bhas
bover bthe bdesign band bprogression bof bthe bstudy
Archival bStudy b- bcorrect banswers✔✔A bstudy bin bwhich bdata bis bcollected bfrom ba
bvariety bof bhistorical brecords band bpre-existing bsources.
Archival bStudy bAdvantages b- bcorrect banswers✔✔Can boften brely bon bhuge bdata
bsets, band bthere bis bno bresearcher binfluence brisk.
Archival bStudy bLimitations b- bcorrect banswers✔✔There bare balternatives bpresent bthat
bcan bexplain bhypotheses bin ba bvariety bof bcases band bfew bways bto bamend bthis.
bCombinations bof bstatistics bcould balso bbe bused bto blimit bthis bissue, bsuch bas
bbaseball battendance band bweather bto blimit bbias. bAdditionally, bsources bare bnot
balways breliable, band bthere bis bno bcontrol bover bdata bcollection.
Naturalistic bObservation b- bcorrect banswers✔✔Observing band brecording bbehavior bin
bnaturally boccurring bsituations bwithout btrying bto bmanipulate band bcontrol bthe
bsituation.
Naturalistic bObservation bAdvantages b- bcorrect banswers✔✔realistic bpicture bof
bbehavior, bactions bare bpure.
Naturalistic bObservation bLimitations b- bcorrect banswers✔✔Limited bscope bof
bobservation, breliable band bvalid bmeasures bare bvery bdifficult bto bcreate.
General bLimitations bof bLow-Constraint bMethods b- bcorrect banswers✔✔Limited
bgeneralizability, blimited breplicability, blot bof broom bfor bexperimenter b(confirmation)
bbias, bvery blimited bvalidity bof bmeasure bat btimes, bmistaken bcausality.
Differences bbetween bCorrelational blower bmethods bof bresearch b- bcorrect
banswers✔✔Higher blevels bof bconstraint, bnarrower bfocus, bmore bstandardized
bprocedures, bcontrol bover bwhen band bhow bvariables bare bmeasured.
, Differences bbetween bDifferential band blower bmethods bof bresearch b- bcorrect
banswers✔✔Narrower bfocus, bstandardized bprocedures, bcontrol bover bhow band bwhen
bvariables bare bmeasured, band b*additional* bcontrol bover bConfounding bVariables.
Problem bStatements bin bCorrelational bResearch b- bcorrect banswers✔✔Always
bcontain bat bleast btwo bvariables. b"Is bthere ba brelationship bbetween bvariable bX band
bvariable bY?"
Problem bStatements bin bDifferential bResearch b- bcorrect banswers✔✔"Does bgroup bA
bdiffer bfrom bgroup bB bon bvariable bY b(the bdependent bvariable)?"
Differences bBetween bCorrelational band bDifferential bStudies b- bcorrect
banswers✔✔Correlational bobserves ba brelationship bbetween btwo bvariables bwhile
bdifferential bobserves ba brelationship bbetween btwo bvariables bbased bon btwo bor bmore
bpre-established bgroups.
Confounding bVariables b- bcorrect banswers✔✔Variables bthat bvary balong bwith bthe
bindependent bvariable. bA bvariable bthat bis blikely bto bhave ban bunwanted beffect bon
bthe bdependent bvariable.
How bto bdeal bwith bconfounds bin bCorrelational bResearch b- bcorrect
banswers✔✔Statistically bcontrol bfor beffects bof bpossible bconfounding bvariables
How bto bDeal bwith bConfounds bin bDifferential bResearch b- bcorrect banswers✔✔Select
bappropriate bcomparison bgroups. bGoal: b"all belse bequal."
Limitations bof bCorrelational bResearch b- bcorrect banswers✔✔Cannot bdraw
bconclusions babout bcausality. bRelies bexclusively bon bmeasured bvariables.
Limitations bof bDifferential bResearch b- bcorrect banswers✔✔Cannot bdraw bconclusions
babout bcausality. bRelies bexclusively bon bmeasured bvariables, bthough bthere bis bmore
bcontrol bas bthey bmay bbe bseparated bby bcharacteristics.
Operational bDefinition b- bcorrect banswers✔✔The bprocedure bused bto bmeasure
band/or bmanipulate bvariables.
Research bHypothesis b- bcorrect banswers✔✔The bhypothesis bthat bthe bvariables
bunder binvestigation bare brelated bin bthe bpopulation b- bthat bthe bobserved beffect
bbased bon bsample bdata bis btrue bin bthe bpopulation.
Logic bbehind btesting ba bresearch bhypothesis b- bcorrect banswers✔✔The bresearch
bhypothesis bmay bnot bbe bproven bcorrect, bbut bsupport bfor bit bcan bbe bfound bby
bproving bit bpossible b(e.g., bproving bthe bnull bhypothesis bfalse, band balternative
bexplanations bcan bbe bruled bout.)
