Principles of Biology - Exam 1 ACTUAL
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
Biology - CORRECT ANSWER - The study of life.
Cell - CORRECT ANSWER - The fundamental structural unit of life.
Domain - CORRECT ANSWER - A taxonomic category above the kingdom level. The
three domains are Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya.
Emergent properties - CORRECT ANSWER - New properties that arise with each step
upward in the hierarchy of life, owing to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity
increases.
Science - CORRECT ANSWER - An approach to understanding the natural world based
on verifiable evidence.
Data - CORRECT ANSWER - Recorded observations.
Hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWER - A testable explanation for a set of observations based
on the available data.
Experiment - CORRECT ANSWER - A scientific test. Often carried out under controlled
conditions that involve manipulating one factor in a system in order to see the effects of
changing that factor.
Theory - CORRECT ANSWER - A widely accepted explanatory idea that is broader in
scope than a hypothesis, generates new hypotheses, and is supported by a large body of evidence.
, Independent variable - CORRECT ANSWER - A factor whose value is manipulated or
changed during an experiment to reveal possible effects on another factor (the dependent
variable).
Dependent variable - CORRECT ANSWER - A factor whose value is measured in an
experiment to see whether it is influenced by changes in another factor (the independent
variable).
Controlled experiment - CORRECT ANSWER - An experiment in which an experimental
group is compared with a control group that varies only in the factor being tested.
Technology - CORRECT ANSWER - The application of scientific knowledge for a
specific purpose, often involving industry or commerce but also including uses in basic research.
Evolution - CORRECT ANSWER - Descent with modification; the idea that living species
are descendants of ancestral species that were different from the present-day ones; also defined
more narrowly as the change in the genetic composition of a population from generation to
generation.
Natural selection - CORRECT ANSWER - A process in which individuals with certain
inherited traits are more likely to survive and reproduce than are individuals that do not have
those traits.
Artificial selection - CORRECT ANSWER - The selective breeding of domesticated plants
and animals to promote the occurrence of desirable traits.
Gene - CORRECT ANSWER - A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a
specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA, in some viruses). Most of the genes of a
eukaryote are located in its chromosomal DNA; a few are carried by the DNA of mitochondria
and chloroplasts.
Gene expression - CORRECT ANSWER - The process whereby genetic information flows
from genes to proteins; the flow of genetic information from the genotype to the phenotype.
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
Biology - CORRECT ANSWER - The study of life.
Cell - CORRECT ANSWER - The fundamental structural unit of life.
Domain - CORRECT ANSWER - A taxonomic category above the kingdom level. The
three domains are Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya.
Emergent properties - CORRECT ANSWER - New properties that arise with each step
upward in the hierarchy of life, owing to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity
increases.
Science - CORRECT ANSWER - An approach to understanding the natural world based
on verifiable evidence.
Data - CORRECT ANSWER - Recorded observations.
Hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWER - A testable explanation for a set of observations based
on the available data.
Experiment - CORRECT ANSWER - A scientific test. Often carried out under controlled
conditions that involve manipulating one factor in a system in order to see the effects of
changing that factor.
Theory - CORRECT ANSWER - A widely accepted explanatory idea that is broader in
scope than a hypothesis, generates new hypotheses, and is supported by a large body of evidence.
, Independent variable - CORRECT ANSWER - A factor whose value is manipulated or
changed during an experiment to reveal possible effects on another factor (the dependent
variable).
Dependent variable - CORRECT ANSWER - A factor whose value is measured in an
experiment to see whether it is influenced by changes in another factor (the independent
variable).
Controlled experiment - CORRECT ANSWER - An experiment in which an experimental
group is compared with a control group that varies only in the factor being tested.
Technology - CORRECT ANSWER - The application of scientific knowledge for a
specific purpose, often involving industry or commerce but also including uses in basic research.
Evolution - CORRECT ANSWER - Descent with modification; the idea that living species
are descendants of ancestral species that were different from the present-day ones; also defined
more narrowly as the change in the genetic composition of a population from generation to
generation.
Natural selection - CORRECT ANSWER - A process in which individuals with certain
inherited traits are more likely to survive and reproduce than are individuals that do not have
those traits.
Artificial selection - CORRECT ANSWER - The selective breeding of domesticated plants
and animals to promote the occurrence of desirable traits.
Gene - CORRECT ANSWER - A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a
specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA, in some viruses). Most of the genes of a
eukaryote are located in its chromosomal DNA; a few are carried by the DNA of mitochondria
and chloroplasts.
Gene expression - CORRECT ANSWER - The process whereby genetic information flows
from genes to proteins; the flow of genetic information from the genotype to the phenotype.
