Principles of Biology Final Exam UPDATED
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Why is it important to study science and biology? - CORRECT ANSWER - strict method
of thinking and study objectively without bias
-Science: the principle that all events can be traced back to natural cause
-Biology: the study of life
What are the steps of the scientific method? - CORRECT ANSWER - Observation,
Hypothesis, Prediction, Experiment, Conclusion
How do we define something as living? - CORRECT ANSWER - they acquire energy,
maintain complexity, respond to stimuli, grow, reproduce, and evolve
What are ionic bonds? - CORRECT ANSWER - weak / partially charged atoms are
attracted to each other but do not touch
What are hydrogen bonds? - CORRECT ANSWER - weak alone, but strong in numbers /
slightly charged hydrogens in a molecule are attracted to slightly charged Oxygen or Nitrogen in
another molecule / gives compound structure
What are covalent bonds? - CORRECT ANSWER - strong / atoms of a molecule share
electrons, not always equally though / a lot harder to break apart
What does pH measure? - CORRECT ANSWER - a measure of how many free H+ and -
OH ions are in a solution
What is the difference between hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions? - CORRECT
ANSWER - -hydrogen ions (H+) / acid
,-hydroxide ions (OH-) / base
What is organic chemistry? - CORRECT ANSWER - the study of molecules containing
carbon/the study of molecules made by organisms
What is the main atom for a molecule to be considered organic? - CORRECT ANSWER -
carbon
What makes carbon special? - CORRECT ANSWER - -it can make 4 covalent bonds in 4
different directions
-it can form polymers
-it can form with many functional groups
What are the four biomolecules/macromolecules? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1.
Carbohydrates - sugars
2. Lipids - fats
3. Proteins - meats, nuts
4. Nucleic Acids - DNA and RNA
What is the difference between peptides and proteins? - CORRECT ANSWER - peptides
are a chain of amino acids and proteins are folded polymers of amino acids
What is the differences between DNA and RNA? - CORRECT ANSWER - DNA has
deoxyribose sugar and is missing an oxygen and RNA is ribose sugar and has an oxygen
What does abiogenesis mean? - CORRECT ANSWER - beginning of life without life
(how life may have come without a living organism)
What is cell theory? - CORRECT ANSWER - every living organism is made up of cells
-smallest organisms are single cells
, -cells are the functional units of multicellular organisms
What is the difference between eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells? - CORRECT
ANSWER - eukaryotes: have membrane enclosed organelles
prokaryotes: no membrane enclosed organelles
What is the function of the nucleus? - CORRECT ANSWER - contains DNA organized in
chromosomes / protects DNA
What is the function of the plasma membrane? - CORRECT ANSWER - phospholipid
bilayer that encloses the cell hydrophillic
What is the function of the ribosomes? - CORRECT ANSWER - the make peptides from
mRNA and make protein
What is the function of the mitochondria? - CORRECT ANSWER - "power house" of the
cell / produces ATP
What is the difference between energy and work? - CORRECT ANSWER - Energy: the
capacity to do work
Work: the transfer of energy to an object causing that object to move
What is potential energy? - CORRECT ANSWER - stored energy (top of rollercoaster)
What is kinetic energy? - CORRECT ANSWER - energy of motion/currenting happening
(going down the hill of the rollercoaster)
What is the Law of Thermodynamics? - CORRECT ANSWER - energy is conserved
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Why is it important to study science and biology? - CORRECT ANSWER - strict method
of thinking and study objectively without bias
-Science: the principle that all events can be traced back to natural cause
-Biology: the study of life
What are the steps of the scientific method? - CORRECT ANSWER - Observation,
Hypothesis, Prediction, Experiment, Conclusion
How do we define something as living? - CORRECT ANSWER - they acquire energy,
maintain complexity, respond to stimuli, grow, reproduce, and evolve
What are ionic bonds? - CORRECT ANSWER - weak / partially charged atoms are
attracted to each other but do not touch
What are hydrogen bonds? - CORRECT ANSWER - weak alone, but strong in numbers /
slightly charged hydrogens in a molecule are attracted to slightly charged Oxygen or Nitrogen in
another molecule / gives compound structure
What are covalent bonds? - CORRECT ANSWER - strong / atoms of a molecule share
electrons, not always equally though / a lot harder to break apart
What does pH measure? - CORRECT ANSWER - a measure of how many free H+ and -
OH ions are in a solution
What is the difference between hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions? - CORRECT
ANSWER - -hydrogen ions (H+) / acid
,-hydroxide ions (OH-) / base
What is organic chemistry? - CORRECT ANSWER - the study of molecules containing
carbon/the study of molecules made by organisms
What is the main atom for a molecule to be considered organic? - CORRECT ANSWER -
carbon
What makes carbon special? - CORRECT ANSWER - -it can make 4 covalent bonds in 4
different directions
-it can form polymers
-it can form with many functional groups
What are the four biomolecules/macromolecules? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1.
Carbohydrates - sugars
2. Lipids - fats
3. Proteins - meats, nuts
4. Nucleic Acids - DNA and RNA
What is the difference between peptides and proteins? - CORRECT ANSWER - peptides
are a chain of amino acids and proteins are folded polymers of amino acids
What is the differences between DNA and RNA? - CORRECT ANSWER - DNA has
deoxyribose sugar and is missing an oxygen and RNA is ribose sugar and has an oxygen
What does abiogenesis mean? - CORRECT ANSWER - beginning of life without life
(how life may have come without a living organism)
What is cell theory? - CORRECT ANSWER - every living organism is made up of cells
-smallest organisms are single cells
, -cells are the functional units of multicellular organisms
What is the difference between eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells? - CORRECT
ANSWER - eukaryotes: have membrane enclosed organelles
prokaryotes: no membrane enclosed organelles
What is the function of the nucleus? - CORRECT ANSWER - contains DNA organized in
chromosomes / protects DNA
What is the function of the plasma membrane? - CORRECT ANSWER - phospholipid
bilayer that encloses the cell hydrophillic
What is the function of the ribosomes? - CORRECT ANSWER - the make peptides from
mRNA and make protein
What is the function of the mitochondria? - CORRECT ANSWER - "power house" of the
cell / produces ATP
What is the difference between energy and work? - CORRECT ANSWER - Energy: the
capacity to do work
Work: the transfer of energy to an object causing that object to move
What is potential energy? - CORRECT ANSWER - stored energy (top of rollercoaster)
What is kinetic energy? - CORRECT ANSWER - energy of motion/currenting happening
(going down the hill of the rollercoaster)
What is the Law of Thermodynamics? - CORRECT ANSWER - energy is conserved
