Principles Of Biology 1 (Final UPDATED
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
1. Which of the following is the most effective means of treating or even curing sickle-cell
disease? - CORRECT ANSWER - Answer: Gene therapy.
2. During gene therapy, bone marrow stem cells are removed from the individual. What must
happen to those cells before they are injected back into the individual? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Answer: Viruses act as vectors to carry the normal gene into the genome of
the stem cells.
3. What is the name of the enzyme that fits new complementary DNA nucleotides into the new
strand? - CORRECT ANSWER - Answer: DNA polymerase.
4. Images of unreplicated chromosomes that allow researchers to organize and identify each
chromosome, as well as missing or extra chromosomes is called a(n) _______. - CORRECT
ANSWER - Answer: karyotype.
5. A single mutation causes sickle-cell disease. Which of the following statements best describes
how this occurs? - CORRECT ANSWER - Answer: A single nucleotide mutation causes a
normal glutamine amino acid to be replaced with a valine amino acid. This causes the resulting
hemoglobin protein to form incorrectly, resulting in sickle-shaped red blood cells that cannot
function as intended.
6. Sickle-cell disease causes hemoglobin proteins to become altered. What direct
effect does this have on red blood cells? - CORRECT ANSWER - Answer: Red blood cells
become sickle-shaped, clumping up and blocking blood flow in capillaries.
7. Which of the following traits are considered to be inheritable? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Answer: Eye color.
, 8. Sickle-cell disease is a recessive genetic disease. This means. - CORRECT ANSWER -
Answer: Two copies of the recessive allele must be present in order for the disease to be
expressed.
9. Which of the following best describes the definition of a gene? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Answer: Genetic information that produces a product, either proteins or RNA.
10. Complete the following sentence: Hemoglobin functions in _____ cells and carries ____ to
all cells of the body. - CORRECT ANSWER - Answer: Red Blood, Oxygen.
11. During the human life cycle, the fertilization of an egg by a sperm results in. - CORRECT
ANSWER - Answer: A diploid zygote.
12. Humans have two sex chromosomes that are named based on their shape. Males have (a)
_____ and females have (a) _____. - CORRECT ANSWER - Answer: X and Y
chromosome, two X chromosomes.
13. Variations in genes are called _____. Examples of these variations include eye color. There
are blue eyes, green eyes, brown eyes, and several combinations of these. - CORRECT
ANSWER - Answer: Alleles.
14. Which of the following most accurately describes how sickle-cell disease impacts the body? -
CORRECT ANSWER - Answer: Red blood cells clump up, blocking capillaries within the
alveoli, resulting in acute chest syndrome, marked by pain, fever, and shortness of breath.
15. Mendel's experiments led him to the conclusion that individuals have two factors for each
trait that separate during gamete formation, resulting in gametes with one factor for each trait. In
addition, fertilization results in a new individual with two factors for each trait again. He referred
to this as the _____. - CORRECT ANSWER - Answer: Law of segregation.
16. Sickle-cell disease is a disorder that is caused by... - CORRECT ANSWER - Answer: A
single mutation on a single gene.
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
1. Which of the following is the most effective means of treating or even curing sickle-cell
disease? - CORRECT ANSWER - Answer: Gene therapy.
2. During gene therapy, bone marrow stem cells are removed from the individual. What must
happen to those cells before they are injected back into the individual? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Answer: Viruses act as vectors to carry the normal gene into the genome of
the stem cells.
3. What is the name of the enzyme that fits new complementary DNA nucleotides into the new
strand? - CORRECT ANSWER - Answer: DNA polymerase.
4. Images of unreplicated chromosomes that allow researchers to organize and identify each
chromosome, as well as missing or extra chromosomes is called a(n) _______. - CORRECT
ANSWER - Answer: karyotype.
5. A single mutation causes sickle-cell disease. Which of the following statements best describes
how this occurs? - CORRECT ANSWER - Answer: A single nucleotide mutation causes a
normal glutamine amino acid to be replaced with a valine amino acid. This causes the resulting
hemoglobin protein to form incorrectly, resulting in sickle-shaped red blood cells that cannot
function as intended.
6. Sickle-cell disease causes hemoglobin proteins to become altered. What direct
effect does this have on red blood cells? - CORRECT ANSWER - Answer: Red blood cells
become sickle-shaped, clumping up and blocking blood flow in capillaries.
7. Which of the following traits are considered to be inheritable? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Answer: Eye color.
, 8. Sickle-cell disease is a recessive genetic disease. This means. - CORRECT ANSWER -
Answer: Two copies of the recessive allele must be present in order for the disease to be
expressed.
9. Which of the following best describes the definition of a gene? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Answer: Genetic information that produces a product, either proteins or RNA.
10. Complete the following sentence: Hemoglobin functions in _____ cells and carries ____ to
all cells of the body. - CORRECT ANSWER - Answer: Red Blood, Oxygen.
11. During the human life cycle, the fertilization of an egg by a sperm results in. - CORRECT
ANSWER - Answer: A diploid zygote.
12. Humans have two sex chromosomes that are named based on their shape. Males have (a)
_____ and females have (a) _____. - CORRECT ANSWER - Answer: X and Y
chromosome, two X chromosomes.
13. Variations in genes are called _____. Examples of these variations include eye color. There
are blue eyes, green eyes, brown eyes, and several combinations of these. - CORRECT
ANSWER - Answer: Alleles.
14. Which of the following most accurately describes how sickle-cell disease impacts the body? -
CORRECT ANSWER - Answer: Red blood cells clump up, blocking capillaries within the
alveoli, resulting in acute chest syndrome, marked by pain, fever, and shortness of breath.
15. Mendel's experiments led him to the conclusion that individuals have two factors for each
trait that separate during gamete formation, resulting in gametes with one factor for each trait. In
addition, fertilization results in a new individual with two factors for each trait again. He referred
to this as the _____. - CORRECT ANSWER - Answer: Law of segregation.
16. Sickle-cell disease is a disorder that is caused by... - CORRECT ANSWER - Answer: A
single mutation on a single gene.
