INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN - QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS The specific area of the user's business need that is within the scope of the new system is called the _______. - CORRECT ANSWER problem domain" "One technique to find the "things" that need to be included in the new system begins by starting with a user and the use cases and then try to identify the necessary informational "things." This technique is called the _______. - CORRECT ANSWER brainstorming technique" "One technique for finding "things" that need to be in the new system is done by the analyst starts making lists of "things." He may do this from information and even without talking to the users extensively. This technique is called the _______. - CORRECT ANSWER noun technique" "When making a list of nouns to determine what are the important "things" for the new system, there are three question that should be asked about each noun. Which of the following is one of those questions? - CORRECT ANSWER Should it be researched further?" "A piece of information about a particular object is called a(n) _______. - CORRECT ANSWER attribute" "An example of an attribute of an object might be _______. - CORRECT ANSWER a social security number" "An attribute whose value uniquely identifies an object is called a(n) _______. - CORRECT ANSWER key attribute" "(n) _______ is a naturally occurring association among specific things. - CORRECT ANSWER relationship" "The number of associations that occur among specific things in an entity relationship diagram is called ____. - CORRECT ANSWER cardinality" "A synonym for cardinality (used with UML class diagrams) is ____. - CORRECT ANSWER multiplicity" "____ is used to describe the relationship between two things of the same type, such as one person being married to another person. - CORRECT ANSWER Unary asociation" "A synonym for cardinality (used with UML class diagrams) is _______. - CORRECT ANSWER multiplicity" "An attribute that contains a collection of related attributes is called a(n) _______. - CORRECT ANSWER compound attribute" "A measure of the number of links between one object and another object in a relationship is called the _______. - CORRECT ANSWER cadinality" "In the traditional approach to system development, the system stores information about ____. - CORRECT ANSWER data entities" "The crows feet notation on an ERD is a type of _______ constraint. - CORRECT ANSWER cardinality" "A relationship that has a cardinality constraint of one or more is a(n) _______ relationship. - CORRECT ANSWER mandatory" "The above cardinality constraint on the Order data entity indicates that there can be _____ . - CORRECT ANSWER one or many orders" "The association shown on the above image is a(n) ________ association. - CORRECT ANSWER unary" "The domain model class diagram is used to _______ . - CORRECT ANSWER show the things involved in the user's work that are important" "A relationship between a "sports team" and the players, coaches, and sponsor would be described as what kind of relationship? - CORRECT ANSWER Aggregation" "Which of the following relationships would NOT be an appropriate way to describe a relationship between an employee and his/her manager? - CORRECT ANSWER Association relationship" "As association class is frequently required for what kind of relationship? - CORRECT ANSWER many to many" "In UML the constraint denoted by "0..*" indicates what? - CORRECT ANSWER an optional relationship" "Which of the following is NOT true about a UML class. - CORRECT ANSWER It has multiplicity" "_____ is based on the idea that people classify things in terms of similarities and differences. - CORRECT ANSWER Generalization/Specialization" "A concept that allows subclasses to share the characteristics of their superclasses is called ____. - CORRECT ANSWER inheritance" "A class that represents a many-to-many association between two other classes is called a(n) ____ class. - CORRECT ANSWER association" "If we modeled a "sale" and the "sale items" with a whole-part relationship, it would best be described as a _______ relationship. - CORRECT ANSWER composite" "In a generalization/specialization relationship, it would not make sense for a class at the bottom of the hierarchy to be a(n) ______ class. - CORRECT ANSWER abstract" "Inheritance describes a condition between classes where _______ . - CORRECT ANSWER classes share some attributes" "This notation indicates what type of association? - CORRECT ANSWER Generalization/Specialization" "When analyzing the list of nouns to determine whether to include a particular noun as an important "thing," which of the following questions should be asked about the noun? (choose two) - CORRECT ANSWER Is it unique?; Are there multiple instances of it?" "When analyzing the list of nouns to determine whether to exclude a particular noun as an important "thing," which of the following questions should be asked about the noun? (choose two) - CORRECT ANSWER Is it a synonym of an existing thing?; Is it an output from the system?" "The specific area of the user's business need that is within the scope of the new system is called the _______. - CORRECT ANSWER problem domain" "A technique to identify problem domain objects in which developers and users work together in an open group setting is called the _______ . - CORRECT ANSWER brainstroming technique" "The technique for finding problem domain objects by finding and listing all the nouns in a dialog or description is called the _______. - CORRECT ANSWER noun technique" "A descriptive piece of information about a thing or object is called a(n) _______. - CORRECT ANSWER attribute" "An attribute for an object which can be used to uniquely identify that object is called a(n) _______. - CORRECT ANSWER key identifier" "A term in UML that describes a naturally occurring relationship between specific things is called a(n) _______. - CORRECT ANSWER association" "In UML notation for object-oriented approach the term _______ is used instead of cardinality. - CORRECT ANSWER multiplicity" "_______ is used to describe the actual range of linkups allowed in an association (the minimum and maximum values). - CORRECT ANSWER Multiplicity constraints/Cardinality constraints" "The diagram consisting of data entities and their relationships is called a(n) _______ . - CORRECT ANSWER entity-relationship diagram (ERD)" "When words are concatenated together to form a single word and the first letter of each is capitalized it is called _______ notation. - CORRECT ANSWER camelback notation" "An association that is also treated as a class is called a(n) _______. - CORRECT ANSWER association class" "A UML class that never has any objects within the class is called a(n) _______. - CORRECT ANSWER anstract class" "A UML class that is allowed to have a set of actual objects within it is called a(n) _______. - CORRECT ANSWER concrete class" "In a relationship where there are superclasses and subclasses, the relationship is called a(n) _______ relationship. - CORRECT ANSWER generalization/specialization" "The idea that the attributes of a superclass are also attributes of a subclass is called ______. - CORRECT ANSWER inheritance" "The general relationship between classes in which one class is a part or component of another class is called a(n) _______ relationship. - CORRECT ANSWER whole-part" "A type of relationship where between classes where the objects in one class are a part of the objects in another class BUT they can also exist as separate objects alone. - CORRECT ANSWER aggrigation" "A type of relationship where between classes where the objects in one class are a part of the objects in another class AND they can only exist as part of the totality. - CORRECT ANSWER composition" "A drawing which shows individual objects and their links with other objects, and which is used to help understand the problem domain classes is called a(n) _______ . - CORRECT ANSWER semantic net" "Another way to think of a actor using a use case is as a(n) _______. - CORRECT ANSWER role" "A unique set of internal activities within a use case which represents a unique path through the use case is called a(n) _______. - CORRECT ANSWER scenario" "In a fully developed use case description the postcondition data describes what conditions? - CORRECT ANSWER The existence of domain model objects." "In a fully developed use case description the exception conditions represent what? - CORRECT ANSWER What conditions prevent the system from successfully completing the use case." "In a fully developed use case description, the flow of activities is most similar to what? - CORRECT ANSWER An activity diagram" "Numbering exception conditions, which often uses hierarchical numbering, in a fully developed use case description is helpful to _______. - CORRECT ANSWER tie the exception condition to a processing step" "In a fully developed use case description normally the preconditions describe what? - CORRECT ANSWER What objects must exist prior to the use case executes." "Which is correct? (5, 7) - CORRECT ANSWER B" "Which of the following is the best model to use to document the inputs and the outputs to a system? - CORRECT ANSWER System sequence diagram" "A vehicle object is denoted with the following label. - CORRECT ANSWER :Vehicle" "In UML terminology in a sequence diagram, a message refers to a(n) _______. - CORRECT ANSWER action" "In a sequence diagram a horizontal dashed line represents what? - CORRECT ANSWER A return message" "In a sequence diagram the syntax of a message is given by the following: [A] B := C (D) The letter B represents what? - CORRECT ANSWER return value" "In a sequence diagram the message-name is usually given in what format? - CORRECT ANSWER verb-noun" "If the True/False condition on a message evaluates to false in a sequence diagram, which of the following is correct? - CORRECT ANSWER The message is not sent." "Which of the following documents information about classes that are part of the problem domain of the user? - CORRECT ANSWER State machine diagram" "For real-world objects the state of an object is the same as its _______ . - CORRECT ANSWER status condition" "In a transition label in a state machine the syntax is A(B)[C]/D. The D stands for what? - CORRECT ANSWER action expression" "The guard-condition on a transition indicates what? - CORRECT ANSWER Whether the transition fires." "An action-expression occurs when? - CORRECT ANSWER Before the object enters the destination state." "On a systems sequence diagram, ____ indicate(s) a true/false condition. - CORRECT ANSWER [ ]" "In a state machine diagram, a state is represented by a(n) ____. - CORRECT ANSWER oval" "To document ____, draw a composite state with the lower portion divided into multiple compartments for each concurrent path of behavior. - CORRECT ANSWER concurrent behavior of a single object" "Which of the following is NOT an element in a transition label? - CORRECT ANSWER trigger" "A message event causes what to happen? - CORRECT ANSWER A transition to fire." "Which of the following is NOT a step in the development of a state machine diagram? - CORRECT ANSWER Expand the name of each state to identify concurrent activities." "A state machine diagram is used to document the states and transitions of a(n) ________. - CORRECT ANSWER Object" "The ____ are the primary models from which other models draw information. - CORRECT ANSWER use case diagram and the problem domain class diagram" "Which of the following is NOT an advantage of object-oriented modeling with several models is that _____. - CORRECT ANSWER developing new models allows the analyst to discard unnecessary diagrams." "Two types of interaction diagrams are: (Choose two) - CORRECT ANSWER Sequence diagrams; Communication diagrams" "Two methods to show a repeating message are: (Choose two) - CORRECT ANSWER Asterisk *; Loop frame" "Two methods to show a return value are: (Choose two) - CORRECT ANSWER value :=; Dashed arrow with value" "A textual model that describes the processing details of a use case is called a(n) ________. - CORRECT ANSWER use case description" "Use cases may have different "paths" or sequence of steps through the use case. These different paths are called _______ . - CORRECT ANSWER scenarios / instances" "A certain set of values or statuses that must exist before a use case begins is called a(n) _______. - CORRECT ANSWER precondition" "A certain set of values or statuses that must exist after a use case completes its processing is called a(n) _______. - CORRECT ANSWER postcondition" "The diagram model that is useful to document the flow of activities on a fully developed use case description is called a(n) _______ diagram. - CORRECT ANSWER activity" "A diagram that shows the messages between an actor and the system is called a(n) _______. - CORRECT ANSWER system sequence diagram" "Vertical dashed lines on a system sequence diagram are used to depict a(n) what? - CORRECT ANSWER lifeline" "An arrow on a system sequence diagram is used to depict a(n) what? - CORRECT ANSWER message" "A box in a system sequence diagram refers to a(n) what? - CORRECT ANSWER object" "On a sequence diagram when multiple messages are included within a repeating loop a(n) _______ is used to document it. - CORRECT ANSWER loop frame" "On a sequence diagram a short notation that indicates a repeating message is a(n) _______. - CORRECT ANSWER asterisk*" "In a sequence diagram the syntax of a message is given by the following: [A] B := C (D) The letter D represents what? - CORRECT ANSWER parameters" "In a sequence diagram the syntax of a message is given by the following: [A] B := C (D) The letter B represents what? - CORRECT ANSWER return-value" "To show if-then-else condition on a sequence diagram use a(n) ______. - CORRECT ANSWER alt frame" "A condition during an object's life when it satisfies some criterion is called a(n) _______. - CORRECT ANSWER state" "The movement of an object from one state to another is done through the process of a(n) _______. - CORRECT ANSWER transition" "A UML diagram that shows the life of an object in states and transitions is called a(n) _______. - CORRECT ANSWER state machine diagram" "When an object moves from one state to another the ending state is called a(n) _______ . - CORRECT ANSWER destination state" "The beginning state of an object when its states are diagrammed is called a(n) _______. - CORRECT ANSWER psuedostate" "In a state-machine diagram when an object is in multiple states at the same time it is called _______. - CORRECT ANSWER concurrent state" "In a state-machine diagram when one state is high-level in that it contains other states of an object, it is called a(n) ______. - CORRECT ANSWER composite state" "Which one of the six core process can be considered as a "bridge" process? (155) - CORRECT ANSWER Design system components" "Environment design consists of the following: (157) - CORRECT ANSWER specify the network and hardware linking the system together." "Which is not one of the elements that is normally considered in systems design? (157) - CORRECT ANSWER Object class methods" "Which statement is NOT a correct term for the broad design of the overall system? (158) - CORRECT ANSWER Object-oriented design" "The first step in doing software application design is to _______. (158) - CORRECT ANSWER identify the various subsystems and their relationship to each other" "Low-level design that includes the design of the program modules and algorithm logic is referred to as ____ design. (158) - CORRECT ANSWER detail" "Which of the following is NOT considered a design model? (161) - CORRECT ANSWER Activity Diagram" "Which of the following is NOT considered an analysis model? (161) - CORRECT ANSWER User interface screen layouts" "The key design question, "Have we specified in detail how the users will interact with the system to carry out all the use cases?" is associated with which design activity? (162) - CORRECT ANSWER Design user interfaces" "Which of the following terms describes computer software that implements communication protocols on the network and helps different systems communicate? (163) - CORRECT ANSWER Middleware" "The first step in defining a solution in the development of a new software system is to define what? (163) - CORRECT ANSWER The computing environment" "Which if the following is NOT considered part of designing the application architecture and software? (163-164) - CORRECT ANSWER Program security design" "Which of the following really is both an analysis (discovery) and a design process (solution). (165) - CORRECT ANSWER User interface design" "Identifying Extensible Markup Language (XML) tags is often used in what design activity? (166) - CORRECT ANSWER System interface design" "Which of the following is NOT a form of system interface? (165) - CORRECT ANSWER Turn-around document" "The domain model is always used as an input to which design activity? (166) - CORRECT ANSWER Database design" "Which of the following is NOT an important consideration in database design? (166) - CORRECT ANSWER Dada presentation issues" "Which design activity that pervades all other design activities? (167) - CORRECT ANSWER Security and controls design" "Limiting user access to the system is considered what type of design? (167) - CORRECT ANSWER Security and controls design" "What is the difference between a "client" computer and a "server" computer? (168) - CORRECT ANSWER The services that each performs" "What is the difference between a browser based system and a desktop application system? (168-169) - CORRECT ANSWER User interface is different between a desktop and browser based." "Which is NOT one of the primary advantages of deploying a system via a Web implementation? (172) - CORRECT ANSWER Easy to program with HTML" "Which is NOT one of the problematic areas of Web based applications? (172) - CORRECT ANSWER Complexity of Internet servers and Web development" "Load balancing refers to what? (173) - CORRECT ANSWER Distributing service requests across multiple application servers." "The hosting alternative that is most like a utility is what? - CORRECT ANSWER Cloud computing" "Managed services refer to what? (176) - CORRECT ANSWER Hosting service with maintenance of the server and system software." "Which is NOT a characteristic of a VPN? (175) - CORRECT ANSWER It uses HTTPS for security" "Which is a characteristic of a peer-to-peer connection? (178) - CORRECT ANSWER Connected computers do not use a server." "Many Service level agreements now provide _____ availability. (176) - CORRECT ANSWER 100%" "Which of the following is NOT one of the principles of user-centered design? (189) - CORRECT ANSWER Business requirements drive development." "A metaphor of human-computer interaction (HCI) in which the user interacts directly with objects on the display screen, is referred to as ____. (191) - CORRECT ANSWER direct manipulation metaphor" "An approach where the visual display is organized into regions and includes an arrangement of common tool icons is called a ____. (191) - CORRECT ANSWER desktop metaphor" "A metaphor of human-computer interaction (HCI) in which interacting with the computer, is much like carrying on a conversation is called ____. (191) - CORRECT ANSWER dialog metaphor" "Software (such as typical tax preparation software) which in essence interviews the user is following which user interface metaphor? (192) - CORRECT ANSWER Dialog metaphor" "The study of human interaction with machines in general is called ____. (193) - CORRECT ANSWER human-computer interaction" "A metaphor of human-computer interaction, in which interaction with the computer involves browsing and entering data on electronic documents, is referred to as a ____ metaphor. (191) - CORRECT ANSWER document" "A key principle of human-computer interaction (HCI) that states that all controls should be noticeable and provide an indication that the control is responding to the user's action, is called ____. (193) - CORRECT ANSWER visibility" "A key principle of human-computer interaction (HCI), that states that the appearance of any control should suggest its functionality, is called ____. (193) - CORRECT ANSWER affordance" "Since it is not always clear that Web page objects are clickable, or when a control has recognized the click, designers should be careful to apply the principle of ____. (193) - CORRECT ANSWER visibility" "Each dialog within the system should be organized with a clear sequence-a beginning, middle, and end. This describes which of the eight golden rules for designing interactive interfaces? (195) - CORRECT ANSWER Design dialogs to yield closure." "Operating systems deliberately include an electronic "click" sound for keyboard and mouse activities. This describes which of the eight golden rules for designing interactive interfaces? (195) - CORRECT ANSWER Offer informative feedback" ""When subsequent processing is delayed by more than a second or two, users may repeatedly press controls or reenter information, resulting in processing errors and user frustration" is an example of what? (195) - CORRECT ANSWER Lack of fedback" "Designers should be sure to include cancel buttons on all dialog boxes which allow the user to back up. This is an example of what? (196) - CORRECT ANSWER Easy reversal of actions" "Users should not be required to keep track of information that they have previously entered. This is an example of what? (196) - CORRECT ANSWER Reduce short term memory load" "A good design heuristic for menu design is to limit the menu choices to _____ choices. (197) - CORRECT ANSWER five to ten" "One way to ensure consistency across the web pages of a web site is to implement the pages using _______. (204) - CORRECT ANSWER Cascading style sheets" "What does XML stand for? (209) - CORRECT ANSWER Extensible Markup Language" "Which of the following is NOT an input device used to reduce input errors? (210) - CORRECT ANSWER Electronic keyboard" "The primary objective of using automated input devices is to _______. (210) - CORRECT ANSWER produce error-free data" "Which of the following is NOT an example of a technique to reduce input errors? (210) - CORRECT ANSWER Design input codes with special meanings" "Reports that are not predefined by a programmer, but are designed as needed, are called ____ reports. (216) - CORRECT ANSWER ad hoc" "A report that contains only information about nonstandard or out-of-bound conditions is a(n) ____ report. (213) - CORRECT ANSWER exception" "A report that is used primarily for strategic decision making is called a(n) ____ report. (213) - CORRECT ANSWER executive" "An external output that includes a portion that is returned to the system as an input is a(n) ____. (213) - CORRECT ANSWER turn-around document" "A report that is printed to be used by persons outside of the organization is called a(n) ____. (213) - CORRECT ANSWER external output" "The ability to link a summary field to the supporting detail, and to dynamically view that detail on a screen, is called ____. (213) - CORRECT ANSWER drill down" "The major advantage of screen output versus printed output is that screen output ____. (215) - CORRECT ANSWER can be updated dynamically" "Electronic reports can provide a(n) ____ on the report to activate a lower-level report, which provides more detailed information. (216) - CORRECT ANSWER hot spot hyperlink" "One effective way to present large volumes of data is to summarize it and present it ____. (217-218) - CORRECT ANSWER in graphical chart or diagram" "Two of the most common graphical charting techniques are ____. (217) - CORRECT ANSWER bar charts and pie charts" "Which of the following are NOT critical issues in considering a hosting alternative. (choose two) (175) - CORRECT ANSWER Cost, Computing equipment" "Which of the following are techniques used by developers to evaluate the effectiveness and usability of user interface designs. (Choose two) (190) - CORRECT ANSWER Statistically analyze test and use data; Conduct focus groups" "When the layout and the formats is being designed for the screens for desktop systems (non Web systems), there are several critical issues. Which of the following are considered to be important considerations? (choose two) (202) - CORRECT ANSWER Consistency across screens; Fonts and colors" "When the user interface is being designed for Web based systems, there are several important considerations. Which of the following are included in those particularly important issues? (Choose two) (205) - CORRECT ANSWER Performance and load speed; Pictures, Video and Sound" "When designing the user interface for handheld devices there are several important issues critical for only those devices. Which of the following are considered to be important issues? (Choose two) (207) - CORRECT ANSWER Speed and throughput; Screen size" "What kind of model is used to show how the application is deployed across networks and computers? (156) - CORRECT ANSWER network diagram" "The process of design which is the broad design of the overall system structure is called _______. (158) - CORRECT ANSWER architectural design / general design / conceptual design" "Low-level design that includes the design of the specific program details is called ______. (158) - CORRECT ANSWER detail design" "When designing the ____________________, the first steps are to identify the general form and structure of the user dialog based on the major inputs and outputs. (158) - CORRECT ANSWER user interface" "A computer network in which the cabling and hardware are confined to a single location is called what _____? (168) - CORRECT ANSWER local area network (LAN)" "What term do we use to describe a computer network architecture with central computers and users' computers. (168) - CORRECT ANSWER client-server architecture" "What do we call the predominant language used for constructing web pages? (168) - CORRECT ANSWER Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)" "What is the term that defines the foundation protocol of the Internet and is used to provide reliable delivery of messages between computers. (168) - CORRECT ANSWER Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)" "What is the term used to describe the user interface in a three-layer architecture? (168) - CORRECT ANSWER view layer" "What is the term used to describe the programs that implement the rules and processing of the software solution? (169) - CORRECT ANSWER business logic layer / domain layer" "What do we call the combination of Hypertext Transfer Protocol and Transport Layer Security? (173) - CORRECT ANSWER Hypertext Transfer Protocol Security / HTTPS" "An advanced version of Secure Sockets Layer protocol which is used to transmit information over the Internet securely is called ______. (173) - CORRECT ANSWER Transport Layer Security (TLS)" "What is the term used to define a set of server computers that are used to deliver static content such as videos, but that are not part of the primary application servers? (174) - CORRECT ANSWER Content delivery network (CDN)" "The process of providing physical servers at a secure location and selling those services is called _______. (174) - CORRECT ANSWER hosting" "A service which provides a secure physical location for servers but where the computers are usually owned by the client businesses is called _______ . (175) - CORRECT ANSWER colocation" "What do we call a method to partition the services of a physical Web server so it appears as multiple, independent Internet servers? (175 - CORRECT ANSWER Virtual server" "What is the term used to describe a virtual environment for servers in which the resources include computing, storage, and Internet access and appear to have unlimited availability. (176) - CORRECT ANSWER cloud computing" "The part of a contract between a business and a hosting company that guarantees a specific level of availability is called the _______. (176) - CORRECT ANSWER service level agreement (SLA)" "What is the term used to describe a closed network with security and closed access but which is built on top of a public network like the Internet? (177) - CORRECT ANSWER Virtual Private Network (VPN)" "What kind of a connection is it when independent computers communicate but without the need for a centralized server? (178) - CORRECT ANSWER peer-to-peer connection" "The _______ describe the inputs and outputs that require no or minimal human intervention. (189) - CORRECT ANSWER system interface" "The _______ are inputs and outputs that directly involve a system user. (189) - CORRECT ANSWER user interface" "The ____________________ is everything the end user comes into contact with while using the system-physically, perceptually, and conceptually. (189) - CORRECT ANSWER user interface" "What is the term used for design techniques that embody the view that the user interface is the entire system. (189) - CORRECT ANSWER user-centered design" "The degree to which a system is easy to learn and to use is called _______. (190) - CORRECT ANSWER usability" "When the appearance of a specific control suggests its function, that is called _______. (193) - CORRECT ANSWER affordance" "When a control provides immediate feedback to a user, such as when a button shows it has been clicked, that is called _______. (193) - CORRECT ANSWER visibility" "A technique to create a sequence of sketches of the display screen during a dialog is called _____. (200) - CORRECT ANSWER storyboarding" "A type of text box input control that only contains a set of predefined data values is called a ______. (202) - CORRECT ANSWER list box" "A type of text box that contains a set of predefined values but also allows the user to enter new values is called a ______. (203) - CORRECT ANSWER combo box" "A type of input control where the user can select only one item from a group of items. (203) - CORRECT ANSWER radio button" "A type of input control that allows the user to select multiple items within a group of items is called _______. (203) - CORRECT ANSWER check box" "What is the term used to describe a Web page encoding standard that enables the page look-and-feel to dynamically change? (204) - CORRECT ANSWER Cascading style sheets (CSS)" "Software that adapts the user interface to the special needs of persons with disabilities, such as the visual or hearing impaired, is called _______. (207) - CORRECT ANSWER assistive technology" "What is the term used to describe the character sequences such as name that serve as the endpoints for a defined group of textual characters? (209) - CORRECT ANSWER XML tags" "A user-interface output design technique that allows a user to select a summary field and view the supporting details is called _______. (216) - CORRECT ANSWER drill-down" "The specific area of the user's business need that is within the scope of the new system is called the _______. a. use cases c. functional requirements b. user specifications d. problem domain - CORRECT ANSWER problem domain" "One technique to find the "things" that need to be included in the new system begins by starting with a user and the use cases and then try to identify the necessary informational "things." This technique is called the _______. a. domain analysis technique c. brainstorming technique b. check list technique d. noun technique - CORRECT ANSWER brainstorming technique" "One technique for finding "things" that need to be in the new system is done by the analyst starts making lists of "things." He may do this from information and even without talking to the users extensively. This technique is called the _______. a. domain analysis technique c. brainstorming technique b. check list technique d. noun technique - CORRECT ANSWER noun technique" "When making a list of nouns to determine what are the important "things" for the new system, there are three question that should be asked about each noun. Which of the following is one of those questions? a. Is it a tangible item? b. Is it an abstract item? c. Who needs information about this item? d. Should it be researched further? - CORRECT ANSWER Should it be researched further?" "A piece of information about a particular object is called a(n) _______. a. identifier c. field b. attribute d. data value - CORRECT ANSWER attribute" "The number of associations that occur among specific things in an entity relationship diagram is called ____. a. a relationship c. a binary relationship b. an attribution d. cardinality - CORRECT ANSWER cardinality" "A synonym for cardinality (used with UML class diagrams) is ____. a. relationship c. unary relationship b. multiplicity d. inheritance - CORRECT ANSWER multiplicity" "____ is used to describe the relationship between two things of the same type, such as one person being married to another person. a. Binary association c. Cardinality b. Unary association d. N-ary association - CORRECT ANSWER Unary association" "A measure of the number of links between one object and another object in a relationship is called the _______. a. linkups c. associations b. aggregations d. cardinality - CORRECT ANSWER cardinality" "In the traditional approach to system development, the system stores information about ____. a. objects c. attributes b. data stores d. data entities - CORRECT ANSWER data entities" "The crows feet notation on an ERD is a type of _______ constraint. a. cardinality c. many-to-many b. multiplicity d. relationship - CORRECT ANSWER Cardinality" "The association shown on the above image is a(n) ________ association. 0..* 0..* both on customer a. unary c. n-ary b. binary d. undefined - CORRECT ANSWER unary" "The domain model class diagram is used to _______ . a. show the software classes in the problem domain layer of the system b. show the things involved in the user's work that are important c. show the data entities for the new system d. show the relationships among the data entities **double check - CORRECT ANSWER show the things involved in the user's work that are important" "A relationship between a "sports team" and the players, coaches, and sponsor would be described as what kind of relationship? a. Aggregation c. Generalization/Specialization b. Composition d. Binary - CORRECT ANSWER Aggregation" "Which of the following relationships would NOT be an appropriate way to describe a relationship between an employee and his/her manager? a. Unary relationship b. Binary relationship c. Generalization/Specialization relationship d. Association relationship **double check - CORRECT ANSWER Association relationship" "As association class is frequently required for what kind of relationship? a. zero to one c. many to many b. one to many d. zero to many - CORRECT ANSWER many to many" "In UML the constraint denoted by "0..*" indicates what? a. an optional relationship c. only a many maximum relationship b. a mandatory relationship d. never only one allowed - CORRECT ANSWER an optional relationship" "Which of the following is NOT true about a UML class. a. It is a classification of objects. c. It is similar to a data entity. b. It is a set of objects. d. It has multiplicity. - CORRECT ANSWER It has multiplicity" "_____ is based on the idea that people classify things in terms of similarities and differences. a. Aggregation c. Multiplicity b. Composition d. Generalization/Specialization - CORRECT ANSWER Generalization/specialization" "A concept that allows subclasses to share the characteristics of their superclasses is called ____. a. aggregation c. multiplicity b. composition d. inheritance - CORRECT ANSWER Inheritance" "If we modeled a "sale" and the "sale items" with a whole-part relationship, it would best be described as a _______ relationship. a. aggregate c. inherited b. composite d. abstract - CORRECT ANSWER composite" "In a generalization/specialization relationship, it would not make sense for a class at the bottom of the hierarchy to be a(n) ______ class. a. composite c. concrete b. association d. abstract - CORRECT ANSWER abstract" "Another way to think of a actor using a use case is as a(n) _______. a. external entity c. system b. person d. role - CORRECT ANSWER Role" "A unique set of internal activities within a use case which represents a unique path through the use case is called a(n) _______. a. workflow c. scenario b. sequence of activities d. critical path - CORRECT ANSWER scenario" "In a fully developed use case description the postcondition data describes what conditions? a. The status condition of the use case. c. The condition of the actor. b. The existence of domain model objects. d. The data that is output by the system. - CORRECT ANSWER The existence of domain model objects" "In a fully developed use case description the exception conditions represent what? a. What conditions might cause the system to crash. b. What conditions prevent the system from successfully completing the use case. c. What conditions will confuse the actor. d. Where the system might have "bugs" and produce erroneous results. - CORRECT ANSWER What conditions prevent the system from successfully completing the use case." "Numbering exception conditions, which often uses hierarchical numbering, in a fully developed use case description is helpful to _______. a. tie exception conditions to other diagrams or descriptions b. show which exception conditions are subordinate to other exceptions c. provide an identifier for each exception condition d. tie the exception condition to a processing step - CORRECT ANSWER tie the exception condition to a processing step" "In a fully developed use case description normally the preconditions describe what? a. What objects must exist prior to the use case executes. b. What data the actor must have before the use case executes. c. Who the actors are that invoke the use case. d. What business conditions must occur before the use case is invoked. - CORRECT ANSWER What objects must exist prior to the use case executes." "Which is correct? - CORRECT ANSWER SystemSequenceDiagram-Iteration Diagram" "Which of the following is the best model to use to document the inputs and the outputs to a system? a. State chart diagram c. Activity diagram b. Fully developed use case description d. System sequence diagram - CORRECT ANSWER d. System sequence diagram" "In UML terminology in a sequence diagram, a message refers to a(n) _______. a. input data c. event b. communication between actors d. action - CORRECT ANSWER action" "In a sequence diagram a horizontal dashed line represents what? a. A return message c. A lifeline b. An input message d. An event - CORRECT ANSWER Return message" "In a sequence diagram the message-name is usually given in what format? a. verb-noun c. action-object b. noun-verb d. object-action - CORRECT ANSWER verb-noun" "Which of the following documents information about classes that are part of the problem domain of the user? a. Activity diagram c. Use case diagram b. State machine diagram d. System sequence diagram - CORRECT ANSWER State machine diagram" "The guard-condition on a transition indicates what? a. Whether the transition fires. c. Whether the object is in the correct state. b. Whether the action-expression executes. d. Whether the trigger message is received. - CORRECT ANSWER Whether the transition fires" "On a systems sequence diagram, ____ indicate(s) a true/false condition. a. ( ) c. { } b. [ ] d. * - CORRECT ANSWER [ ]" "In a state machine diagram, a state is represented by a(n) ____. a. oval c. square b. black dot d. arrow - CORRECT ANSWER oval" "To document ____, draw a composite state with the lower portion divided into multiple compartments for each concurrent path of behavior. a. simple nested states c. concurrent behavior of different objects b. concurrent behavior of a single object d. simple paths - CORRECT ANSWER concurrent behavior of a single object" "Which of the following is NOT an element in a transition label? a. trigger c. guard condition b. transition name d. action expression - CORRECT ANSWER trigger" "A message event causes what to happen? a. An activity to finish. c. A guard condition to be evaluated. b. A message to fire. d. A transition to fire. - CORRECT ANSWER transition to fire" "Which of the following is NOT a step in the development of a state machine diagram? a. List all the status conditions for an object. b. Identify state exiting transitions. c. Expand the name of each state to identify concurrent activities. d. Sequence the state-transition fragments. - CORRECT ANSWER Expand the name of each state to identify concurrent activities." "A state machine diagram is used to document the states and transitions of a(n) ________. a. Business process c. Message b. Use case d. Object - CORRECT ANSWER Object" "The ____ are the primary models from which other models draw information. a. statechart diagram and the problem domain class diagram. b. system sequence diagram and the activity diagram c. use case diagram and the problem domain class diagram d. use case description and the use case diagram - CORRECT ANSWER use case diagram and the problem domain class diagram" "Which of the following is NOT an advantage of object-oriented modeling with several models is that _____. a. developing new models allows the analyst to discard unnecessary diagrams. b. developing new models ensures a consistency in the requirements. c. developing new models helps correct previously drawn diagrams d. developing new models helps gain deeper understanding of user requirements. - CORRECT ANSWER developing new models allows the analyst to discard unnecessary diagrams." "Which one of the six core process can be considered as a "bridge" process. a. Identify the problem and obtain approval. b. Discover and understand the details. c. Design system components. d. Build, test and integrate system components. - CORRECT ANSWER design system components" "Low-level design that includes the design of the program modules and algorithm logic is referred to as ____ design. a. detail c. functional b. module d. component - CORRECT ANSWER detail" "Which of the following is NOT considered a design model? a. Package diagram c. User interface screen layouts b. Sequence diagram d. Activity diagram - CORRECT ANSWER Activity diagram" "The key design question, "Have we specified in detail how the users will interact with the system to carry out all the use cases?" is associated with which design activity? a. Design user interfaces c. Design application software b. Design system interfaces d. Design use cases - CORRECT ANSWER Design user interfaces" "The first step in defining a solution in the development of a new software system is to define what? a. The application architecture c. The programming language b. The computing environment d. The details of the business problem - CORRECT ANSWER The computing environment" "Which if the following is NOT considered part of designing the application architecture and software? a. Multilayer design c. Detailed design b. Subsystem definition d. Program security design - CORRECT ANSWER Program security design" "Which of the following is NOT a form of system interface? a. Turn-around document c. Function call b. File transfer d. Transaction interchange - CORRECT ANSWER turn around document" "The domain model is always used as an input to which design activity? a. Report layout design c. Database design b. Security and controls design d. User interface design - CORRECT ANSWER Database design" "Which design activity that pervades all other design activities? a. Environment design c. Security and controls design b. Database design d. Interface design - CORRECT ANSWER Security and controls design" "What is the difference between a browser based system and a desktop application system? a. Desktop system never uses a network and browser base always does. b. Browser system always uses the Internet and desktop does not. c. User interface is different between a desktop and browser based. d. Browser based is always three-layer and desktop is not. - CORRECT ANSWER User interface is different between a desktop and browser based" "Load balancing refers to what? a. Spreading the service requests across multiple hours in the day. b. Balancing the amount of work fairly between project team members. c. Configuring the network to provide multiple access paths to the servers. d. Distributing service requests across multiple application servers. - CORRECT ANSWER Distributing service requests across multiple application servers." "Managed services refers to what? a. Hosting company provides all the server equipment. b. Hosting service that provides backup and recovery services. c. Hosting company manages the cloud. d. Hosting service with maintenance of the server and system software. - CORRECT ANSWER Hosting service with maintenance of the server and system software" "Which is NOT a characteristic of a VPN? a. It uses the Internet. b. Only certain computers can access it. c. It uses HTTPS for security d. It always uses encryption - CORRECT ANSWER It uses HTTPS for security" "Which is a characteristic of a peer-to-peer connection. a. Connected computers must have the same operating system. b. Connected computers do not use a server. c. Connected computers require special software. d. Connected computers must have over 99% availability. - CORRECT ANSWER Connected computers do not use a server" "Many Service level agreements now provide _____ availability a. 100% c. 98% b. 99% d. varies by provider - CORRECT ANSWER 100%" "Which of the following is NOT one of the principles of user-centered design? a. Focus early on the users and their work. b. Evaluate design to ensure usability. c. Business requirements drive development. d. Use iterative development. - CORRECT ANSWER Business requirements drive development" "An approach where the visual display is organized into regions and includes an arrangement of common tool icons is called a ____. a. desktop metaphor c. document metaphor b. direct manipulation d. dialog metaphor - CORRECT ANSWER desktop metaphor" "A metaphor of human-computer interaction (HCI) in which interacting with the computer, is much like carrying on a conversation is called ____. a. desktop metaphor c. document metaphor b. direct manipulation d. dialog metaphor - CORRECT ANSWER dialog metaphor" "Software (such as typical tax preparation software) which in essence interviews the user is following which user interface metaphor? a. Collaboration metaphor c. Interview metaphor b. Document metaphor d. Dialog metaphor - CORRECT ANSWER Dialog metaphor" "The study of human interaction with machines in general is called ____. a. human factors engineering c. human-computer interaction b. user-centered design d. usability - CORRECT ANSWER human-computer interaction" "A metaphor of human-computer interaction, in which interaction with the computer involves browsing and entering data on electronic documents, is referred to as a ____ metaphor. a. desktop c. document b. direct manipulation d. dialog - CORRECT ANSWER document" "A key principle of human-computer interaction (HCI) that states that all controls should be noticeable and provide an indication that the control is responding to the user's action, is called ____. a. informative feedback c. consistency b. affordance d. visibility - CORRECT ANSWER visibility" "A key principle of human-computer interaction (HCI), that states that the appearance of any control should suggest its functionality, is called ____. a. informative feedback c. consistency b. affordance d. visibility - CORRECT ANSWER affordance" ""When subsequent processing is delayed by more than a second or two, users may repeatedly press controls or reenter information, resulting in processing errors and user frustration" is an example of what? a. Lack of error handling c. Lack of closure b. Lack of feedback d. Lack of consistency - CORRECT ANSWER lack of feedback" "Designers should be sure to include cancel buttons on all dialog boxes which allow the user to back up. This is an example of what? a. Easy reversal of actions b. Reduce short term memory load c. Good error handling d. Dialog that yields closure - CORRECT ANSWER easy reversal of action" "Users should not be required to keep track of information that they have previously entered. This is an example of what? a. Easy reversal of actions c. Good error handling b. Reduce short term memory load d. Dialogs that yields closure - CORRECT ANSWER Reduce short term memory load" "A good design heuristic for menu design is to limit the menu choices to _____ choices. a. four to nine c. three to seven b. never more than seven d. five to ten - CORRECT ANSWER five-ten" "What does XML stand for? a. Extended Module Links c. Extensible Markup Language b. External Machine Language d. Extensible Modern Language - CORRECT ANSWER Extensible Markup Language" "The primary objective of using automated input devices is to _______. a. produce error-free data c. increase throughput b. reduce costs d. eliminate human input - CORRECT ANSWER produce error free data" "Reports that are not predefined by a programmer, but are designed as needed, are called ____ reports. a. one-time c. business b. quick and dirty d. ad hoc - CORRECT ANSWER ad hoc" "A report that contains only information about nonstandard or out-of-bound conditions is a(n) ____ report. a. runtime c. exception b. error d. executive - CORRECT ANSWER exception" "A report that is used primarily for strategic decision making is called a(n) ____ report. a. executive c. exception b. key item d. summary - CORRECT ANSWER executive" "An external output that includes a portion that is returned to the system as an input is a(n) ____. a. output-input document c. return document b. turn-around document d. tear off and return document - CORRECT ANSWER turn-around doc" "The ability to link a summary field to the supporting detail, and to dynamically view that detail on a screen, is called ____. a. exploding report c. dynamic reporting b. windowing a field d. drill down - CORRECT ANSWER drill down" "Electronic reports can provide a(n) ____ on the report to activate a lower-level report, which provides more detailed information. a. cursor link c. mouseover b. activation key d. hot spot hyperlink - CORRECT ANSWER hot spot hyperlink" "One effective way to present large volumes of data is to summarize it and present it ____. a. in tabular form c. with control totals b. in graphical chart or diagram d. on a computer screen - CORRECT ANSWER in graphical chart or diagram" "The term technology architecture refers to a. the software resources which make up the information systems c. the combination of information systems and the hardware infrastructure b. the hardware, network, and system software d. the configuration of the old technology and new technology within an organization - CORRECT ANSWER the hardware, network, and system software" "Application architecture is used to refer to a. the organization and configuration of all software solutions into information systems c. the architectural structure of the subsystems within a software application b. the application of the information system to solve business problems d. the relationship between software applications and the areas of the organization that they support - CORRECT ANSWER the organization and configuration of all software solutions into information systems" "Which of the following items is NOT a part of the application architecture? a. software b. programming languages and development tools c. user-interface technology d. virtual private networks - CORRECT ANSWER virtual private networks" "4. Which of the following describes what the system is required to do? a. Functional requirements c. User requirements b. General requirements d. Nonfunctional requirements - CORRECT ANSWER Functional requirements" "5. _______ requirements are based on the procedures and rules that the organization uses to run its business. a. Physical c. Logical b. Functional d. System - CORRECT ANSWER Functional" "6. _______ requirements are characteristics of the system other than the business procedures it must support. a. System c. Nonfunctional b. Physical d. Implementation - CORRECT ANSWER Nonfunctional" "7. The S in the FURPS acronym stands for _______. a. Screen and reporting requirements c. System requirements b. Software requirements d. Security requirements - CORRECT ANSWER Security requirements" "8. The P in the FURPS acronym stands for _______. a. Physical requirements c. People requirements b. Performance requirements d. Processing requirements - CORRECT ANSWER Performance requirements" "9. _______ requirements are most often documented in graphical and textual models. a. Security c. Technical b. Nonfunctional d. Functional - CORRECT ANSWER Functional" "10. Diagrams and schematic representations of some aspect of a system are examples of a ______ model. a. logical c. mathematical b. graphical d. textual - CORRECT ANSWER graphical" "11. A representation of some aspect of the system being built is a _______. a. requirement c. model b. technique d. user interface - CORRECT ANSWER model" "12. A series of formulas that describe technical aspects of a system is a(n) model. a. textual c. graphical b. descriptive d. mathematical - CORRECT ANSWER mathematical" "13. What does the Acronym UML stand for? a. User Modification Language c. User Mode Listings b. Unified Modeling Language d. Unix Modeling Language - CORRECT ANSWER Unified Modeling Language" "14. The term _______ refers to all the people who have an interest in the successful implementation of the system. a. users c. managers b. clients d. stakeholders - CORRECT ANSWER stakeholders" "15. Persons who regularly interact with the system as part of their jobs are called _______. a. user stakeholders c. operational stakeholders b. client stakeholders d. executive stakeholders - CORRECT ANSWER client stakeholders" "16. What type of stakeholders are those that do not use the system on day to day tasks, but use information, such as reports, from the system. a. Business stakeholders c. External stakeholders b. Client stakeholders d. Executive stakeholders - CORRECT ANSWER Executive stakeholders" "17. What do we call the person or group who provides funding for the development of the new system? a. Oversight committee c. Board of directors b. Client d. Department head - CORRECT ANSWER Client" "18. The group that provides direction for the configuration of the new system in the existing computing environment are called _______. a. Technical stakeholders c. System programmers b. Support staff d. Operational stakeholders - CORRECT ANSWER Technical stakeholders" "19. Clients play what role in the development of the new system? a. Develop the project plan c. Define business processes b. Fund the project d. Lead the project team - CORRECT ANSWER Fund the project" "20. Questionnaires can be useful in information gathering when users _____. a. are widely distributed geographically c. are not well-informed b. need prompting to respond to questions d. do not have time for interviews - CORRECT ANSWER are widely distributed geographically" "21. Questions that have a simple, definitive answer are called _______ questions. a. true/false c. open-ended b. close-ended d. multiple choice - CORRECT ANSWER close-ended" "50. State events are also sometimes called _______ events. a. external c. system b. trigger d. internal - CORRECT ANSWER internal" "51. The way to determine whether an occurrence is an event or part of the interaction before or after the event is to ask the following question: _______? a. Is the user finished with the task? c. Is all the data input? b. Is the system at rest? d. Is all the printing completed? - CORRECT ANSWER Is the system at rest?" "52. "Customer decides to buy a shirt" is an example of what? a. An external event c. A temporal event b. Activity prior to an event d. Activity after an event. - CORRECT ANSWER Activity prior to an event" "53. Checks or safety procedures are put in place to protect the integrity of the system is referred to as _______. a. perfect technology assumption c. system controls b. risk control assumption d. technology protection - CORRECT ANSWER system controls" "54. The _______ indicates that events should be included during analysis only if the system would be required to respond under ideal conditions. a. perfect technology assumption c. perfect processing control b. ideal technology assumptions d. ideal processing control - CORRECT ANSWER perfect technology assumption" "56. An important step in using the CRUD technique is to _______. a. identify the system controls c. identify the business events b. identify the external agents d. identify the data entities - CORRECT ANSWER identify the data entities" "57. The system's reaction to an event is called a(n) _______ . a. system process c. activity b. use case d. system requirement - CORRECT ANSWER use case" "58. A one sentence description of a use case is called a(n) _______. a. brief use case description c. intermediate use case description b. short use case description d. use case description - CORRECT ANSWER brief use case description" "59. The boundary between the automated portion of the system and the users of the system is called the _______. a. software boundary c. system boundary b. application boundary d. automation boundary - CORRECT ANSWER automation boundary" "60. In UML notation, the guillemets character is used to show what kind of notation? a. classes c. relationships b. subordinates d. stereotypes - CORRECT ANSWER stereotypes" "The term technology architecture refers to - CORRECT ANSWER the hardware, network, and system software" "Which of the following items is NOT a part of the application architecture? a. software -interface technology b. programming languages and development tools d. virtual private networks - CORRECT ANSWER virtual private networks -" "Which of the following describes what the system is required to do? - CORRECT ANSWER Functional requirements" "requirements are characteristics of the system other than the business procedures it must support. - CORRECT ANSWER Nonfunctional" "The S in the FURPS acronym stands for - CORRECT ANSWER Security requirements" "The P in the FURPS acronym stands for - CORRECT ANSWER Processing/Performance requirements" "_______ requirements are most often documented in graphical and textual models - CORRECT ANSWER Functional" "A representation of some aspect of the system being built is a - CORRECT ANSWER Model" "A series of formulas that describe technical aspects of a system is a(n) model. - CORRECT ANSWER Mathematical"