Louisiana Horticulture Test Study Guide
Compilation Bulk.
Louisiana Horticulture Test Study Guide /
Actual Questions & Answers for Guaranteed
Pass / Newest Update 2025/26,.
What is the difference between a cultivar and variety? - AnswerCultivar- A plant or
grouping of plants selected for desirable characteristics that can be maintained by
propagation
Variety- A naturally occurring subgroup of a species which has some distinguishing
characters
Who is Linnaeus? What system of naming plants did he create? - AnswerLinnaeus is
a Swedish Botanist who developed the Binomial System of Nomenclature(Genus +
Species)
Why is it important to know common and scientific names of plants? - AnswerSo that
you can communicate with others without confusion about the identity of a plant
What are some origins of botanical names? - AnswerCountry of origin, Names of
Explorers, and Descriptive Latin Terms
What are some typical groupings for plants when they are classified by growth
characteristics? - AnswerLife Span, Leaf Retention, Growth Habits, Light, Size
List the functions of a root system. - AnswerAbsorption, Anchorage, Conduction,
Storage
What are two kinds of root systems? - AnswerFibrous and Taproot
List the functions of the stem of a plant. - AnswerSupport; Conduction; Storage
Define xylem and phloem. - Answerxylem- the transport vessel for water and minerals
from root to leaf
phloem- the transport vessel for manufactured food from leaf to stem
What is the difference between monocots and dicots? - Answermonocots- plants that
have a single seed leaf(corn; grass; lilly)
dicots- plants that have two seed leaves(trees; shrubs; annuals)
,Louisiana Horticulture Test Study Guide
Compilation Bulk.
What are nodes and internodes? - Answernodes- the area on stems where leaves
emerge
internodes- the area on stems in between where leaves emerge
List the types of specialized stems and roots commonly found in plants. -
AnswerBulbs; Corms; Rhizomes; Tubers; Tuberous Roots
What are the two main functions of leaves? - AnswerPhotosynthesis and
Transpiration
Define angiosperms and gymnosperms. - AnswerAngiosperms- plants that bloom and
develop fruit which encloses the seed
Gymnosperms- plants that have no true flowers or fruit, but make seeds in cones
List the parts of a complete flower. - AnswerStamen(Anther & Filament)
Pistil(Stilma; Style; Ovary)
Petal
Sepal
Locule
Ovule
Placenta
Receptacle
Peduncle
List the priority in which plant parts receive food manufactured by the leaves. -
Answer1)Flower
2)Seed
3)Leaves
4)Stems
5)Roots
List three primary elements for essential plant growth. - AnswerCarbon; Hydrogen;
Oxygen
List the three macronutrients essential for plant growth. - AnswerNitrogen;
Phosphorus; Potassium
List the seven Micronutrients needed for optimum plant growth. - AnswerBoron;
Copper; Chlorine; Iron; Manganese; Molybdenum; Zinc
How is light intensity commonly measured? - AnswerFoot Candles: The amount of
light falling on one square foot one foot away from a standard candle
,Louisiana Horticulture Test Study Guide
Compilation Bulk.
List three functions of water in a plant. - Answer1)Ingredient of Photosynthesis
2)Solvent for nutrients
3)Gives the plant tissue rigidity
Define permanent wilting point. - Answerwhen all gravitational water and the available
water are gone and only the graivable water remains
Define microclimate. - Answerdescribes areas with certain consistent variation in light,
temperature, and moisture in a garden
List three ways heat travels. - Answer1. Conduction
2. Convention
3. Radiation
Define soil texture. - Answerdetermined by the relative proportion of its mineral
particles and is classified as sand, silt, and clay
Define soil structure. - Answerthe way various particles are arranged determine soil
structures(sandy or clay soils)
Soils can be classified as ________ or ________. - Answerfine or coarse
________ is commonly added to acid soils to raise pH. - AnswerLime
________ is commonly added to alkaline soils to lower pH. - AnswerSulpher
Most ornamental plants prefer a soil pH of ________. - Answer5.5 - 7.0
Acid loving ornamental plants prefer a soil pH of _________. - Answer5.0 - 5.5
True or False. Nutrient availability is regulated by soil. - AnswerTrue
List the four physiological changes in the reproductive phase of sexual propagation. -
Answer1. Cone Bud Induction
2. Flower and Bud Initiation and Development
3. Flower
4. Fruit and Seed Production
What is the main disadvantage of sexual propagation? - AnswerProduces offspring
that are not uniform
, Louisiana Horticulture Test Study Guide
Compilation Bulk.
What are the two most critical environmental requirements pertaining to seed
germination? - AnswerWater and Temperature
Vegetative propagation is also referred to as ____________ propagation. -
AnswerAsexual
List some examples of ways to vegetatively propagate a plant. - AnswerLayering;
division; separation
Strawberry runners are commonly propagated by ________. - AnswerLayering
Define grafting. - Answer
What steps should be followed when accepting an order at a retail garden center? -
Answer1. Check the order to be correct
2. Inspect the product to be healthy
3. Examine for pests
What are three indicators of a plant needing irrigation. - Answer1. Root ball is not wet
2. Media has shrunk away from the pot
3. Weight of the pot is light and foliage is wilted
Why is cold damage common on container-growth ornamental plants at temperatures of
20-25 degrees. - AnswerBecause these plants are grown above ground where the
root systems are not insulated
What is the optimum planting time for adding container-grown plants to a landscape?
Balled and burlapped plants? Bare-rooted plants? - AnswerContainer Plants- best
planted in Fall
Balled and Burlapped Plants- best planted Oct thru Mar
Bare Rooted Plants- best planted Dec thru Feb
Should organic amendments be added to a planting hole when planting an individual
tree? - AnswerResearch has shown that amendments do not significantly enhance
the growth of ornamental plants
What are advantages of using mulches? - AnswerUniform soil moisture, insulate roots
from temperature extremes, reduce soil burn, disease on foliage, and prevents weeds
What N/P/K ratio is recommended for fertilizer used on ornamental trees and shrubs? -
Answer4:1:2
Why prune? - Answer
Compilation Bulk.
Louisiana Horticulture Test Study Guide /
Actual Questions & Answers for Guaranteed
Pass / Newest Update 2025/26,.
What is the difference between a cultivar and variety? - AnswerCultivar- A plant or
grouping of plants selected for desirable characteristics that can be maintained by
propagation
Variety- A naturally occurring subgroup of a species which has some distinguishing
characters
Who is Linnaeus? What system of naming plants did he create? - AnswerLinnaeus is
a Swedish Botanist who developed the Binomial System of Nomenclature(Genus +
Species)
Why is it important to know common and scientific names of plants? - AnswerSo that
you can communicate with others without confusion about the identity of a plant
What are some origins of botanical names? - AnswerCountry of origin, Names of
Explorers, and Descriptive Latin Terms
What are some typical groupings for plants when they are classified by growth
characteristics? - AnswerLife Span, Leaf Retention, Growth Habits, Light, Size
List the functions of a root system. - AnswerAbsorption, Anchorage, Conduction,
Storage
What are two kinds of root systems? - AnswerFibrous and Taproot
List the functions of the stem of a plant. - AnswerSupport; Conduction; Storage
Define xylem and phloem. - Answerxylem- the transport vessel for water and minerals
from root to leaf
phloem- the transport vessel for manufactured food from leaf to stem
What is the difference between monocots and dicots? - Answermonocots- plants that
have a single seed leaf(corn; grass; lilly)
dicots- plants that have two seed leaves(trees; shrubs; annuals)
,Louisiana Horticulture Test Study Guide
Compilation Bulk.
What are nodes and internodes? - Answernodes- the area on stems where leaves
emerge
internodes- the area on stems in between where leaves emerge
List the types of specialized stems and roots commonly found in plants. -
AnswerBulbs; Corms; Rhizomes; Tubers; Tuberous Roots
What are the two main functions of leaves? - AnswerPhotosynthesis and
Transpiration
Define angiosperms and gymnosperms. - AnswerAngiosperms- plants that bloom and
develop fruit which encloses the seed
Gymnosperms- plants that have no true flowers or fruit, but make seeds in cones
List the parts of a complete flower. - AnswerStamen(Anther & Filament)
Pistil(Stilma; Style; Ovary)
Petal
Sepal
Locule
Ovule
Placenta
Receptacle
Peduncle
List the priority in which plant parts receive food manufactured by the leaves. -
Answer1)Flower
2)Seed
3)Leaves
4)Stems
5)Roots
List three primary elements for essential plant growth. - AnswerCarbon; Hydrogen;
Oxygen
List the three macronutrients essential for plant growth. - AnswerNitrogen;
Phosphorus; Potassium
List the seven Micronutrients needed for optimum plant growth. - AnswerBoron;
Copper; Chlorine; Iron; Manganese; Molybdenum; Zinc
How is light intensity commonly measured? - AnswerFoot Candles: The amount of
light falling on one square foot one foot away from a standard candle
,Louisiana Horticulture Test Study Guide
Compilation Bulk.
List three functions of water in a plant. - Answer1)Ingredient of Photosynthesis
2)Solvent for nutrients
3)Gives the plant tissue rigidity
Define permanent wilting point. - Answerwhen all gravitational water and the available
water are gone and only the graivable water remains
Define microclimate. - Answerdescribes areas with certain consistent variation in light,
temperature, and moisture in a garden
List three ways heat travels. - Answer1. Conduction
2. Convention
3. Radiation
Define soil texture. - Answerdetermined by the relative proportion of its mineral
particles and is classified as sand, silt, and clay
Define soil structure. - Answerthe way various particles are arranged determine soil
structures(sandy or clay soils)
Soils can be classified as ________ or ________. - Answerfine or coarse
________ is commonly added to acid soils to raise pH. - AnswerLime
________ is commonly added to alkaline soils to lower pH. - AnswerSulpher
Most ornamental plants prefer a soil pH of ________. - Answer5.5 - 7.0
Acid loving ornamental plants prefer a soil pH of _________. - Answer5.0 - 5.5
True or False. Nutrient availability is regulated by soil. - AnswerTrue
List the four physiological changes in the reproductive phase of sexual propagation. -
Answer1. Cone Bud Induction
2. Flower and Bud Initiation and Development
3. Flower
4. Fruit and Seed Production
What is the main disadvantage of sexual propagation? - AnswerProduces offspring
that are not uniform
, Louisiana Horticulture Test Study Guide
Compilation Bulk.
What are the two most critical environmental requirements pertaining to seed
germination? - AnswerWater and Temperature
Vegetative propagation is also referred to as ____________ propagation. -
AnswerAsexual
List some examples of ways to vegetatively propagate a plant. - AnswerLayering;
division; separation
Strawberry runners are commonly propagated by ________. - AnswerLayering
Define grafting. - Answer
What steps should be followed when accepting an order at a retail garden center? -
Answer1. Check the order to be correct
2. Inspect the product to be healthy
3. Examine for pests
What are three indicators of a plant needing irrigation. - Answer1. Root ball is not wet
2. Media has shrunk away from the pot
3. Weight of the pot is light and foliage is wilted
Why is cold damage common on container-growth ornamental plants at temperatures of
20-25 degrees. - AnswerBecause these plants are grown above ground where the
root systems are not insulated
What is the optimum planting time for adding container-grown plants to a landscape?
Balled and burlapped plants? Bare-rooted plants? - AnswerContainer Plants- best
planted in Fall
Balled and Burlapped Plants- best planted Oct thru Mar
Bare Rooted Plants- best planted Dec thru Feb
Should organic amendments be added to a planting hole when planting an individual
tree? - AnswerResearch has shown that amendments do not significantly enhance
the growth of ornamental plants
What are advantages of using mulches? - AnswerUniform soil moisture, insulate roots
from temperature extremes, reduce soil burn, disease on foliage, and prevents weeds
What N/P/K ratio is recommended for fertilizer used on ornamental trees and shrubs? -
Answer4:1:2
Why prune? - Answer
