Nursing 101: Fundamentals of Nursing Practice Exam
1, Part 1
This exam assesses foundational concepts in nursing practice. Choose the best
answer for each question.
1. During a physical assessment, the nurse closes the door and provides a drape to
promote privacy. The nurse is primarily acting as a/an: A. Advocate B.
Communicator C. Change agent D. Caregiver
**Rationale:** The caregiver role involves providing holistic care
that respects the client's dignity, health, and wellness. Ensuring
privacy during an assessment directly supports the client's dignity
and well-being. An advocate intercedes on behalf of the client, a
communicator conveys information, and a change agent assists with
behavior modification.
2. During nursing rounds, Nurse Cathy instructs a patient to avoid smoking to
prevent the worsening of respiratory problems. The patient asks for strategies to
manage cravings. Nurse Cathy enumerates coping mechanisms. This exemplifies
the nurse's role as a/an: A. Advocate B. Clinician C. Change agent D. Caregiver
**Rationale:** As a change agent, the nurse helps clients modify their
behavior to improve their health. Providing strategies to quit smoking
directly assists the patient in changing an unhealthy behavior. A
clinician applies technical expertise, an advocate acts on the
client's behalf, and a caregiver provides holistic care.
3. Nurse Cathy often understands a patient's condition intuitively, even before a
definitive diagnosis. Based on Benner's Novice to Expert theory, Nurse Cathy is
,likely at the: A. Novice stage B. Expert stage C. Competent stage D. Advanced
beginner stage
**Rationale:** Benner's expert nurses operate from a deep
understanding and often possess an intuitive grasp of situations.
Novice nurses rely on rules, competent nurses plan consciously, and
advanced beginners demonstrate acceptable performance with some
experience.
4. Newborn screening is a mandatory public health initiative in the Philippines.
This is an example of: A. Primary prevention B. Secondary prevention C.
Tertiary prevention D. Rehabilitation
**Rationale:** Secondary prevention focuses on the early detection and
prompt treatment of disease. Newborn screening aims to identify
congenital disorders early, allowing for timely intervention. Primary
prevention aims to prevent disease occurrence, tertiary prevention
focuses on minimizing the impact of established disease, and
rehabilitation aims to restore function after illness or injury.
5. Nurse Annie is adaptable and performs her duties well without direct
supervision but still requires more experience to develop consciously planned care.
According to Patricia Benner's stages of nursing proficiency, Annie is an: A.
Novice B. Expert C. Competent D. Advanced beginner
**Rationale:** Advanced beginners demonstrate acceptable performance
based on some experience but still lack the holistic understanding and
intuitive decision-making of expert nurses. Novices follow rules,
competent nurses plan consciously, and experts have an intuitive grasp
of situations.
6. A clinical instructor explains that the presence of a cluster of actual or high-risk
nursing diagnoses arising from a specific situation is termed a: A. Wellness nursing
, diagnosis B. Actual nursing diagnosis C. Syndrome nursing diagnosis D. Risk
nursing diagnosis
**Rationale:** A syndrome nursing diagnosis involves a cluster of
actual or high-risk diagnoses that are predicted to be present due to
a certain event or situation. Wellness diagnoses focus on achieving a
higher level of wellness, actual diagnoses are based on existing
problems, and risk diagnoses identify potential problems.
7. The nurse measures a patient's temperature at 101 degrees Fahrenheit. What is
the equivalent temperature in degrees Celsius? A. 36.3 degrees C B. 38.3 degrees
C (Correction: Calculation error in original text) C. 40.03 degrees C D. 38.01
degrees C
**Rationale:** To convert Fahrenheit (°F) to Celsius (°C), use the
formula: (°F - 32) × 5/9.
(101 - 32) × 5/9 = 69 × 0.5556 ≈ 38.3°C
8. During a change-of-shift report, which of the following information is most
critical for the nurse assuming responsibility for the patient's care? A. That the
patient verbalized, "My headache is gone." B. That the patient's barium enema
performed 3 days ago was negative. C. Patient's NGT was removed 2 hours ago.
D. Patient's family came for a visit this morning.
**Rationale:** Significant recent changes in the patient's condition
that require ongoing monitoring are crucial for the change-of-shift
report. The removal of an NGT is a recent event that necessitates
assessment for tolerance to oral intake and potential complications.
The other options are less critical for immediate monitoring.
9. A client is receiving 115 ml/hr of continuous intravenous fluids. The nurse
observes that the venipuncture site is red and swollen. The nurse's priority initial
1, Part 1
This exam assesses foundational concepts in nursing practice. Choose the best
answer for each question.
1. During a physical assessment, the nurse closes the door and provides a drape to
promote privacy. The nurse is primarily acting as a/an: A. Advocate B.
Communicator C. Change agent D. Caregiver
**Rationale:** The caregiver role involves providing holistic care
that respects the client's dignity, health, and wellness. Ensuring
privacy during an assessment directly supports the client's dignity
and well-being. An advocate intercedes on behalf of the client, a
communicator conveys information, and a change agent assists with
behavior modification.
2. During nursing rounds, Nurse Cathy instructs a patient to avoid smoking to
prevent the worsening of respiratory problems. The patient asks for strategies to
manage cravings. Nurse Cathy enumerates coping mechanisms. This exemplifies
the nurse's role as a/an: A. Advocate B. Clinician C. Change agent D. Caregiver
**Rationale:** As a change agent, the nurse helps clients modify their
behavior to improve their health. Providing strategies to quit smoking
directly assists the patient in changing an unhealthy behavior. A
clinician applies technical expertise, an advocate acts on the
client's behalf, and a caregiver provides holistic care.
3. Nurse Cathy often understands a patient's condition intuitively, even before a
definitive diagnosis. Based on Benner's Novice to Expert theory, Nurse Cathy is
,likely at the: A. Novice stage B. Expert stage C. Competent stage D. Advanced
beginner stage
**Rationale:** Benner's expert nurses operate from a deep
understanding and often possess an intuitive grasp of situations.
Novice nurses rely on rules, competent nurses plan consciously, and
advanced beginners demonstrate acceptable performance with some
experience.
4. Newborn screening is a mandatory public health initiative in the Philippines.
This is an example of: A. Primary prevention B. Secondary prevention C.
Tertiary prevention D. Rehabilitation
**Rationale:** Secondary prevention focuses on the early detection and
prompt treatment of disease. Newborn screening aims to identify
congenital disorders early, allowing for timely intervention. Primary
prevention aims to prevent disease occurrence, tertiary prevention
focuses on minimizing the impact of established disease, and
rehabilitation aims to restore function after illness or injury.
5. Nurse Annie is adaptable and performs her duties well without direct
supervision but still requires more experience to develop consciously planned care.
According to Patricia Benner's stages of nursing proficiency, Annie is an: A.
Novice B. Expert C. Competent D. Advanced beginner
**Rationale:** Advanced beginners demonstrate acceptable performance
based on some experience but still lack the holistic understanding and
intuitive decision-making of expert nurses. Novices follow rules,
competent nurses plan consciously, and experts have an intuitive grasp
of situations.
6. A clinical instructor explains that the presence of a cluster of actual or high-risk
nursing diagnoses arising from a specific situation is termed a: A. Wellness nursing
, diagnosis B. Actual nursing diagnosis C. Syndrome nursing diagnosis D. Risk
nursing diagnosis
**Rationale:** A syndrome nursing diagnosis involves a cluster of
actual or high-risk diagnoses that are predicted to be present due to
a certain event or situation. Wellness diagnoses focus on achieving a
higher level of wellness, actual diagnoses are based on existing
problems, and risk diagnoses identify potential problems.
7. The nurse measures a patient's temperature at 101 degrees Fahrenheit. What is
the equivalent temperature in degrees Celsius? A. 36.3 degrees C B. 38.3 degrees
C (Correction: Calculation error in original text) C. 40.03 degrees C D. 38.01
degrees C
**Rationale:** To convert Fahrenheit (°F) to Celsius (°C), use the
formula: (°F - 32) × 5/9.
(101 - 32) × 5/9 = 69 × 0.5556 ≈ 38.3°C
8. During a change-of-shift report, which of the following information is most
critical for the nurse assuming responsibility for the patient's care? A. That the
patient verbalized, "My headache is gone." B. That the patient's barium enema
performed 3 days ago was negative. C. Patient's NGT was removed 2 hours ago.
D. Patient's family came for a visit this morning.
**Rationale:** Significant recent changes in the patient's condition
that require ongoing monitoring are crucial for the change-of-shift
report. The removal of an NGT is a recent event that necessitates
assessment for tolerance to oral intake and potential complications.
The other options are less critical for immediate monitoring.
9. A client is receiving 115 ml/hr of continuous intravenous fluids. The nurse
observes that the venipuncture site is red and swollen. The nurse's priority initial
