BHSC 1200 CHAPTER 6 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
what is cartilage primarily made up of? - Answers :water
describe the structure and function of cartilage - Answers :structure: no nerves or blood
vessels
- surrounded by a layer of dense irregular connective tissue called the perichondrium
function: can spring back to its original shape after being compressed
are teeth considered bones? - Answers :no, but they are part of the skeletal system
describe the structure and function of the perichondrium - Answers :function: acts as a
reinforcement to resist outward expansion when cartilage is compressed
structure: contains blood vessels that nourish the cartilage cells
The perichondrium is like a protective armor for cartilage, providing support and
preventing it from getting squished, just like how a strong fence keeps a garden safe
from outside pressure while also supplying nutrients to the plants.
what are cartilage cells called, and where are they located? - Answers :chondrocytes,
they are enclosed in small cavities called lacunae
list the four kinds of hyaline cartilage in the skeletal system - Answers :1. Articular
cartilages, which cover the ends of most bones at movable joints
2. Costal cartilages, which connect the ribs to the sternum (breastbone)
3. Respiratory cartilages, which form the skeleton of the larynx (voice box) and reinforce
other respiratory passageways
3. Nasal cartilages, which support the external nose
where is elastic cartilage found in the skeletal system? - Answers :1. the external ear
2. epiglottis
3. auditory tube
where is fibrocartilage found in the skeletal system? - Answers :occur in sites that are
subjected to both pressure and stretch, such as the padlike cartilages (menisci) of the
knee and the discs between vertebrae
what are the two ways in which cartilage can grow? - Answers :1. appositional growth-
cartilage-forming cells in the surrounding perichondrium secrete new matrix against the
external face of the existing cartilage tissue.
,2. interstitial growth- the lacunae-bound chondrocytes divide and secrete new matrix,
expanding the cartilage from within.
when does cartilage growth end? - Answers :typically, during adolescence when the
skeleton stops growing
what does 'calcified' mean, and when does it happen in cartilage - Answers :calcified-
hardened due to deposit of calcium salts
under certain conditions
calcified cartilage is NOT bone
a thin interlayer between the hyaline articular cartilage and the subchondral bone and
plays an important role in maintaining the joint homeostasis by providing biological and
mechanical support
compare and contrast cartilage and bone - Answers :cartilage:
- surrounded by perichondrium
- no blood vessels or nerves
- chondrocytes in lacunae
- flexible extracellular matrix
- extracellular matrix is made by chondroblasts
- appositional growth and interstitial growth
bone:
- surrounded by periosteum
- has blood vessels and nerves
-osteocytes in lacunae
- rigid extracellular matrix, due to inorganic calcium salts
- extracellular matrix (organic part) is made by osteoblasts
- appositional growth only
list and describe the seven functions of bones - Answers :1. Support.
2. Protection.
3. Anchorage. Skeletal muscles, which attach to bones by tendons, use bones as levers
to move the body and its parts.
4. Mineral storage. Bone is a reservoir for minerals, most importantly calcium and
phosphate.
, 5. Blood cell formation. Most blood cell formation, or hematopoiesis, occurs in the red
marrow of certain bones.
6. Triglyceride (fat) storage. Fat, a source of energy for the body, is stored as yellow
marrow in the cavities of long bones.
7. Hormone production. Bones produce osteocalcin, a hormone that helps to regulate
insulin secretion, glucose homeostasis, and energy expenditure
how many bones are there in the human body? - Answers :206
how are human bones divided? what does each group do? - Answers :1. The axial
skeleton- includes the bones of the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage. Generally
speaking these bones protect, support, or carry other body parts.
2. The appendicular skeleton consists of the bones of the upper and lower limbs and the
pelvic girdles (shoulder bones and hip bones) that attach the limbs to the axial skeleton.
Bones of the limbs helps with locomotion and manipulate our environment.
how are bones classified? name the four types and give examples of each - Answers
:they are classified by their shape:
1. Long bones are long-shaped (not long in size) and have a shaft plus two ends, which
are often expanded. All limb bones except the patella (kneecap) and the wrist and ankle
bones are long bones. The three bones in each of your fingers are long bones, even
though they are small.
2. Short bones are roughly cube shaped. The bones of the wrist and ankle are
examples.
3. Flat bones are thin, flattened, and usually a bit curved. The sternum (breastbone),
scapulae (shoulder blades), ribs, and most cranial bones of the skull are flat bones
4. Irregular bones have complicated shapes that fit none of the preceding classes.
Examples include the vertebrae and the hip bones
what type of bone does sesamoid bone fit into? and what is their function? - Answers
:Sesamoid bones are a special type of short bone that form in a tendon (for example,
the patella).
Some sesamoid bones act to alter the direction of pull of a tendon. Others reduce
friction and modify pressure on tendons to reduce abrasion or tearing.
Sesamoid bones are like tiny pebbles that fit into tendons, helping to change the
direction of pull or reduce friction and pressure on tendons, like the patella (kneecap)
does.
what is cartilage primarily made up of? - Answers :water
describe the structure and function of cartilage - Answers :structure: no nerves or blood
vessels
- surrounded by a layer of dense irregular connective tissue called the perichondrium
function: can spring back to its original shape after being compressed
are teeth considered bones? - Answers :no, but they are part of the skeletal system
describe the structure and function of the perichondrium - Answers :function: acts as a
reinforcement to resist outward expansion when cartilage is compressed
structure: contains blood vessels that nourish the cartilage cells
The perichondrium is like a protective armor for cartilage, providing support and
preventing it from getting squished, just like how a strong fence keeps a garden safe
from outside pressure while also supplying nutrients to the plants.
what are cartilage cells called, and where are they located? - Answers :chondrocytes,
they are enclosed in small cavities called lacunae
list the four kinds of hyaline cartilage in the skeletal system - Answers :1. Articular
cartilages, which cover the ends of most bones at movable joints
2. Costal cartilages, which connect the ribs to the sternum (breastbone)
3. Respiratory cartilages, which form the skeleton of the larynx (voice box) and reinforce
other respiratory passageways
3. Nasal cartilages, which support the external nose
where is elastic cartilage found in the skeletal system? - Answers :1. the external ear
2. epiglottis
3. auditory tube
where is fibrocartilage found in the skeletal system? - Answers :occur in sites that are
subjected to both pressure and stretch, such as the padlike cartilages (menisci) of the
knee and the discs between vertebrae
what are the two ways in which cartilage can grow? - Answers :1. appositional growth-
cartilage-forming cells in the surrounding perichondrium secrete new matrix against the
external face of the existing cartilage tissue.
,2. interstitial growth- the lacunae-bound chondrocytes divide and secrete new matrix,
expanding the cartilage from within.
when does cartilage growth end? - Answers :typically, during adolescence when the
skeleton stops growing
what does 'calcified' mean, and when does it happen in cartilage - Answers :calcified-
hardened due to deposit of calcium salts
under certain conditions
calcified cartilage is NOT bone
a thin interlayer between the hyaline articular cartilage and the subchondral bone and
plays an important role in maintaining the joint homeostasis by providing biological and
mechanical support
compare and contrast cartilage and bone - Answers :cartilage:
- surrounded by perichondrium
- no blood vessels or nerves
- chondrocytes in lacunae
- flexible extracellular matrix
- extracellular matrix is made by chondroblasts
- appositional growth and interstitial growth
bone:
- surrounded by periosteum
- has blood vessels and nerves
-osteocytes in lacunae
- rigid extracellular matrix, due to inorganic calcium salts
- extracellular matrix (organic part) is made by osteoblasts
- appositional growth only
list and describe the seven functions of bones - Answers :1. Support.
2. Protection.
3. Anchorage. Skeletal muscles, which attach to bones by tendons, use bones as levers
to move the body and its parts.
4. Mineral storage. Bone is a reservoir for minerals, most importantly calcium and
phosphate.
, 5. Blood cell formation. Most blood cell formation, or hematopoiesis, occurs in the red
marrow of certain bones.
6. Triglyceride (fat) storage. Fat, a source of energy for the body, is stored as yellow
marrow in the cavities of long bones.
7. Hormone production. Bones produce osteocalcin, a hormone that helps to regulate
insulin secretion, glucose homeostasis, and energy expenditure
how many bones are there in the human body? - Answers :206
how are human bones divided? what does each group do? - Answers :1. The axial
skeleton- includes the bones of the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage. Generally
speaking these bones protect, support, or carry other body parts.
2. The appendicular skeleton consists of the bones of the upper and lower limbs and the
pelvic girdles (shoulder bones and hip bones) that attach the limbs to the axial skeleton.
Bones of the limbs helps with locomotion and manipulate our environment.
how are bones classified? name the four types and give examples of each - Answers
:they are classified by their shape:
1. Long bones are long-shaped (not long in size) and have a shaft plus two ends, which
are often expanded. All limb bones except the patella (kneecap) and the wrist and ankle
bones are long bones. The three bones in each of your fingers are long bones, even
though they are small.
2. Short bones are roughly cube shaped. The bones of the wrist and ankle are
examples.
3. Flat bones are thin, flattened, and usually a bit curved. The sternum (breastbone),
scapulae (shoulder blades), ribs, and most cranial bones of the skull are flat bones
4. Irregular bones have complicated shapes that fit none of the preceding classes.
Examples include the vertebrae and the hip bones
what type of bone does sesamoid bone fit into? and what is their function? - Answers
:Sesamoid bones are a special type of short bone that form in a tendon (for example,
the patella).
Some sesamoid bones act to alter the direction of pull of a tendon. Others reduce
friction and modify pressure on tendons to reduce abrasion or tearing.
Sesamoid bones are like tiny pebbles that fit into tendons, helping to change the
direction of pull or reduce friction and pressure on tendons, like the patella (kneecap)
does.
