OCR A Level Chemistry Paper 2 -
Synthesis and Analytical Techniques
Questions & Answers
what is a covalent bond where the orbitals overlap end-on known as? -
ANSWERSsigma bond
what is a covalent bond where the orbitals overlap side-on known as? - ANSWERSpi
bond
Homologous series - ANSWERSA series of organic compounds with the same
functional group but with each successive member differing by CH2
how to obtain a pure sample from an impure solid? - ANSWERSrecrystallisation and
then filtration using reduced pressure
how can you test the purity of a sample? - ANSWERSmeasuring its melting or boiling
point and comparing it with the melting or boiling point of the pure substance
is NH2 an electron withdrawing or electron donating group? - ANSWERSelectron
donating
is OH an electron withdrawing or electron donating group? - ANSWERSelectron
donating
is NO2 an electron withdrawing or electron donating group? - ANSWERSelectron
withdrawing
what carbons do electron donating groups direct substitution to? - ANSWERS2, 4 and 6
what carbons do electron withdrawing groups direct substitution to? - ANSWERS3 and
5
what are the reagents required to convert a haloalkane to an amine? -
ANSWERSexcess ethanolic ammonia, heat
, what are the reagents required to convert a haloalkane to a nitrile? - ANSWERSNaCN
or KCN, ethanol, reflux
what are the reagents required to convert a nitrile to an amine? - ANSWERSH2, Ni
catalyst, high temp and pressure
what does the alkali hydrolysis of esters produce? - ANSWERScarboxylate salt +
alcohol
what does the acid hydrolysis of esters produce? - ANSWERScarboxylic acid + alcohol
what is an acid anhydride? - ANSWERStwo carboxylic acids minus a water molecule
acid anhydride + alcohol →
(conc. H₂SO₄ catalyst needed) - ANSWERSester + carboxylic acid
what is an acyl chloride? - ANSWERSderivative of a carboxylic acid where the OH is
replaced by Cl
how do you make an acyl chloride? - ANSWERSreact a carboxylic acid with thionyl
chloride (SOCl₂)
carboxylic acid + SOCl₂ → - ANSWERSacyl chloride + sulfur dioxide + hydrogen
chloride
What is the formula and charge for hydrogen carbonate? - ANSWERSHCO³⁻
What is the formula and charge for phosphate? - ANSWERSPO₄³⁻
What is the formula and charge for silicate? - ANSWERSSiO₃²⁻
How do you calculate the relative atomic mass of an isotope? - ANSWERS(isotope
mass x percentage) + (isotope mass x percentage) ÷ 100
What is the ideal gas equation? - ANSWERSpV=nRT
What are the units for the ideal gas equation? - ANSWERSPressure in Pa, volume in
m3, temperature in K
What is the equation linking moles, volume and 24dm³? - ANSWERSMoles = volume
24dm³/24000cm³
How do you calculate molality and what is molality measured in? - ANSWERSmolality =
molarity x molar mass and molality is measured in gdm⁻³
Synthesis and Analytical Techniques
Questions & Answers
what is a covalent bond where the orbitals overlap end-on known as? -
ANSWERSsigma bond
what is a covalent bond where the orbitals overlap side-on known as? - ANSWERSpi
bond
Homologous series - ANSWERSA series of organic compounds with the same
functional group but with each successive member differing by CH2
how to obtain a pure sample from an impure solid? - ANSWERSrecrystallisation and
then filtration using reduced pressure
how can you test the purity of a sample? - ANSWERSmeasuring its melting or boiling
point and comparing it with the melting or boiling point of the pure substance
is NH2 an electron withdrawing or electron donating group? - ANSWERSelectron
donating
is OH an electron withdrawing or electron donating group? - ANSWERSelectron
donating
is NO2 an electron withdrawing or electron donating group? - ANSWERSelectron
withdrawing
what carbons do electron donating groups direct substitution to? - ANSWERS2, 4 and 6
what carbons do electron withdrawing groups direct substitution to? - ANSWERS3 and
5
what are the reagents required to convert a haloalkane to an amine? -
ANSWERSexcess ethanolic ammonia, heat
, what are the reagents required to convert a haloalkane to a nitrile? - ANSWERSNaCN
or KCN, ethanol, reflux
what are the reagents required to convert a nitrile to an amine? - ANSWERSH2, Ni
catalyst, high temp and pressure
what does the alkali hydrolysis of esters produce? - ANSWERScarboxylate salt +
alcohol
what does the acid hydrolysis of esters produce? - ANSWERScarboxylic acid + alcohol
what is an acid anhydride? - ANSWERStwo carboxylic acids minus a water molecule
acid anhydride + alcohol →
(conc. H₂SO₄ catalyst needed) - ANSWERSester + carboxylic acid
what is an acyl chloride? - ANSWERSderivative of a carboxylic acid where the OH is
replaced by Cl
how do you make an acyl chloride? - ANSWERSreact a carboxylic acid with thionyl
chloride (SOCl₂)
carboxylic acid + SOCl₂ → - ANSWERSacyl chloride + sulfur dioxide + hydrogen
chloride
What is the formula and charge for hydrogen carbonate? - ANSWERSHCO³⁻
What is the formula and charge for phosphate? - ANSWERSPO₄³⁻
What is the formula and charge for silicate? - ANSWERSSiO₃²⁻
How do you calculate the relative atomic mass of an isotope? - ANSWERS(isotope
mass x percentage) + (isotope mass x percentage) ÷ 100
What is the ideal gas equation? - ANSWERSpV=nRT
What are the units for the ideal gas equation? - ANSWERSPressure in Pa, volume in
m3, temperature in K
What is the equation linking moles, volume and 24dm³? - ANSWERSMoles = volume
24dm³/24000cm³
How do you calculate molality and what is molality measured in? - ANSWERSmolality =
molarity x molar mass and molality is measured in gdm⁻³
