PALS PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY RESUSCITATION
GUIDELINES UPDATED FINAL EXAM 2025
/. LEAN - Answer-Mnemonic for emergency drugs via endotracheal tube.
/.Intubation - Answer-Inserting ET tube to assist breathing.
/.Auscultation - Answer-Listening to heart sounds for heart rate.
/.Jaw-thrust technique - Answer-Airway opening method for potential spine injury.
/.AVPU - Answer-Mnemonic for assessing consciousness levels.
/.Nonreactive pupil - Answer-Sign of increased intracranial pressure.
/.Petechiae - Answer-Non-blanching rash indicating possible serious condition.
/.Purpura - Answer-Type of rash associated with severe illnesses.
/.Arterial blood gases (ABGs) - Answer-Tests blood pH and gas levels.
/.Chest radiograph - Answer-X-ray to evaluate heart and lung structures.
/.Computed tomography (CT) - Answer-High radiation imaging for internal bleeding
evaluation.
/.Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) - Answer-Imaging for spinal cord and
cerebrospinal fluid.
/.Serum electrolytes - Answer-Tests blood electrolyte levels for dehydration
assessment.
/.Glucose - Answer-Blood test for assessing hypoglycemia risk.
/.Positive-pressure ventilations - Answer-Technique to ensure drug delivery in
emergencies.
/.Central pulses - Answer-Pulse points used to assess circulation.
/.Pulseless electrical activity - Answer-Rhythm present without effective pulse.
/.Medication allergies - Answer-History important for assessing child injuries.
/.Chronic diseases - Answer-Long-term health conditions affecting emergency care.
,/.Sterile normal saline flush - Answer-Used to clear drugs in emergency procedures.
/.Radiographs - Answer-Quick imaging available during resuscitation efforts.
/.Sedation - Answer-Medication to calm child for MRI procedures.
/.Hypoglycemia - Answer-Condition requiring glucose supplementation.
/.Glucose Evaluation - Answer-Assessment of blood glucose levels for supplementation
needs.
/.Rapid Glucose Test - Answer-Quick bedside test for immediate glucose measurement.
/.Toxicology Panel - Answer-Tests for commonly abused drugs and medications.
/.Standard Toxicology Panel - Answer-Varies by agency; may need special handling.
/.Complete Blood Count (CBC) - Answer-Measures hemoglobin, hematocrit, WBC, and
platelet counts.
/.Anemia - Answer-Condition indicated by low hemoglobin or hematocrit.
/.Blood Type and Cross-Match - Answer-Determines ABO type and compatibility for
transfusions.
/.Cross-Match - Answer-Prepares blood products to prevent transfusion reactions.
/.Urinalysis - Answer-Analyzes urine for color, pH, and various substances.
/.Specimen Handling - Answer-Avoid hemolysis; ensure proper labeling and signing.
/.Defibrillation - Answer-Electrical shock to restore normal heart rhythm.
/.Cardioversion - Answer-Synchronized electrical shock for specific tachycardias.
/.CPR Ratios for Infants - Answer-30 compressions to 2 breaths for one rescuer.
/.CPR Ratios for Children - Answer-30 compressions to 2 breaths for one rescuer.
/.Broselow Tape - Answer-Measurement tool for pediatric medication dosing.
/.AED Placement - Answer-Recommended in schools for sudden cardiac arrest.
/.Hemoconcentration - Answer-Increased hemoglobin due to decreased plasma volume.
, /.Hypoglycemia - Answer-Low blood sugar requiring immediate glucose
supplementation.
/.Trauma Assessment - Answer-Evaluates blood loss and related conditions.
/.Oxygen-Rich Environment - Answer-Enhances effects of defibrillation and CPR.
/.Specimen Collection Methods - Answer-Includes catheterization, clean-catch, or U-
Bag.
/.Menstruation Notification - Answer-Inform lab if specimen is from menstruating child.
/.Age Variability - Answer-Normal lab values differ by age and gender.
/.Safety Goal - Answer-Safely use alarms on biomedical equipment.
/.Alarm Response - Answer-Always answer alarms promptly, check child first.
/.Atraumatic Care - Answer-Ensure caregiver proximity during postresuscitation phase.
/.Suctioning - Answer-Removal of secretions via suction catheter.
/.Indications for Suctioning - Answer-Excessive airway secretions affecting airway
patency.
/.Oxygen Supplementation - Answer-Providing oxygen via various delivery methods.
/.Indications for Oxygen - Answer-Hypoxemia, respiratory distress, shock, or trauma.
/.Bag-Valve-Mask Ventilation - Answer-Manual ventilation using a bag-valve-mask
device.
/.Indications for Bag-Valve-Mask - Answer-Apnea or ineffective ventilation with
spontaneous breaths.
/.Intubation - Answer-Inserting a tube into the trachea for ventilation.
/.Indications for Intubation - Answer-Apnea or need for prolonged assisted ventilation.
/.Needle Thoracotomy - Answer-Inserting needle into pleural space to remove air.
/.Indications for Needle Thoracotomy - Answer-Tension pneumothorax requiring
immediate intervention.
/.IV Fluid Therapy - Answer-Administering fluids for hydration or perfusion.
GUIDELINES UPDATED FINAL EXAM 2025
/. LEAN - Answer-Mnemonic for emergency drugs via endotracheal tube.
/.Intubation - Answer-Inserting ET tube to assist breathing.
/.Auscultation - Answer-Listening to heart sounds for heart rate.
/.Jaw-thrust technique - Answer-Airway opening method for potential spine injury.
/.AVPU - Answer-Mnemonic for assessing consciousness levels.
/.Nonreactive pupil - Answer-Sign of increased intracranial pressure.
/.Petechiae - Answer-Non-blanching rash indicating possible serious condition.
/.Purpura - Answer-Type of rash associated with severe illnesses.
/.Arterial blood gases (ABGs) - Answer-Tests blood pH and gas levels.
/.Chest radiograph - Answer-X-ray to evaluate heart and lung structures.
/.Computed tomography (CT) - Answer-High radiation imaging for internal bleeding
evaluation.
/.Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) - Answer-Imaging for spinal cord and
cerebrospinal fluid.
/.Serum electrolytes - Answer-Tests blood electrolyte levels for dehydration
assessment.
/.Glucose - Answer-Blood test for assessing hypoglycemia risk.
/.Positive-pressure ventilations - Answer-Technique to ensure drug delivery in
emergencies.
/.Central pulses - Answer-Pulse points used to assess circulation.
/.Pulseless electrical activity - Answer-Rhythm present without effective pulse.
/.Medication allergies - Answer-History important for assessing child injuries.
/.Chronic diseases - Answer-Long-term health conditions affecting emergency care.
,/.Sterile normal saline flush - Answer-Used to clear drugs in emergency procedures.
/.Radiographs - Answer-Quick imaging available during resuscitation efforts.
/.Sedation - Answer-Medication to calm child for MRI procedures.
/.Hypoglycemia - Answer-Condition requiring glucose supplementation.
/.Glucose Evaluation - Answer-Assessment of blood glucose levels for supplementation
needs.
/.Rapid Glucose Test - Answer-Quick bedside test for immediate glucose measurement.
/.Toxicology Panel - Answer-Tests for commonly abused drugs and medications.
/.Standard Toxicology Panel - Answer-Varies by agency; may need special handling.
/.Complete Blood Count (CBC) - Answer-Measures hemoglobin, hematocrit, WBC, and
platelet counts.
/.Anemia - Answer-Condition indicated by low hemoglobin or hematocrit.
/.Blood Type and Cross-Match - Answer-Determines ABO type and compatibility for
transfusions.
/.Cross-Match - Answer-Prepares blood products to prevent transfusion reactions.
/.Urinalysis - Answer-Analyzes urine for color, pH, and various substances.
/.Specimen Handling - Answer-Avoid hemolysis; ensure proper labeling and signing.
/.Defibrillation - Answer-Electrical shock to restore normal heart rhythm.
/.Cardioversion - Answer-Synchronized electrical shock for specific tachycardias.
/.CPR Ratios for Infants - Answer-30 compressions to 2 breaths for one rescuer.
/.CPR Ratios for Children - Answer-30 compressions to 2 breaths for one rescuer.
/.Broselow Tape - Answer-Measurement tool for pediatric medication dosing.
/.AED Placement - Answer-Recommended in schools for sudden cardiac arrest.
/.Hemoconcentration - Answer-Increased hemoglobin due to decreased plasma volume.
, /.Hypoglycemia - Answer-Low blood sugar requiring immediate glucose
supplementation.
/.Trauma Assessment - Answer-Evaluates blood loss and related conditions.
/.Oxygen-Rich Environment - Answer-Enhances effects of defibrillation and CPR.
/.Specimen Collection Methods - Answer-Includes catheterization, clean-catch, or U-
Bag.
/.Menstruation Notification - Answer-Inform lab if specimen is from menstruating child.
/.Age Variability - Answer-Normal lab values differ by age and gender.
/.Safety Goal - Answer-Safely use alarms on biomedical equipment.
/.Alarm Response - Answer-Always answer alarms promptly, check child first.
/.Atraumatic Care - Answer-Ensure caregiver proximity during postresuscitation phase.
/.Suctioning - Answer-Removal of secretions via suction catheter.
/.Indications for Suctioning - Answer-Excessive airway secretions affecting airway
patency.
/.Oxygen Supplementation - Answer-Providing oxygen via various delivery methods.
/.Indications for Oxygen - Answer-Hypoxemia, respiratory distress, shock, or trauma.
/.Bag-Valve-Mask Ventilation - Answer-Manual ventilation using a bag-valve-mask
device.
/.Indications for Bag-Valve-Mask - Answer-Apnea or ineffective ventilation with
spontaneous breaths.
/.Intubation - Answer-Inserting a tube into the trachea for ventilation.
/.Indications for Intubation - Answer-Apnea or need for prolonged assisted ventilation.
/.Needle Thoracotomy - Answer-Inserting needle into pleural space to remove air.
/.Indications for Needle Thoracotomy - Answer-Tension pneumothorax requiring
immediate intervention.
/.IV Fluid Therapy - Answer-Administering fluids for hydration or perfusion.
