BIOLOGY 108 EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE
What do all living organisms need to sustain life? - Correct Answers -energy
What is energy? - Correct Answers -the capacity to do work
What are the different types of energy? - Correct Answers -Kinetic- motion
Potential- stored
How do we measure energy? Why? - Correct Answers -Temperature
You are measuring the kinetic energy and there is heat
What is the study of energy? - Correct Answers –thermodynamics
What is the association between cancer and the cell cycle? - Correct Answers --cancer
cells do not respond normally to the cell cycle
-cells divide excessively
What causes mutations? - Correct Answers -change in nucleotide sequence
What is fertilization? - Correct Answers -fusion of sperm and eggs. results in zygote
Why is sexual reproduction important? - Correct Answers -passes along genetic
information
When does crossing over occur? - Correct Answers -Prophase I of meiosis
What are some key differences between mitosis and meiosis? - Correct Answers -
Mitosis- 46 chromosomes, genetically identical, one division
Meiosis-23 chromosomes(haploid), crossing over, 2 divisions
How do the chromosomes line up in Metaphase I of meiosis? Metaphase II? - Correct
Answers -metaphase I-46 chromosomes
metaphase II-23 chromosomes
How do the chromosomes divide in Anaphase 1 of meiosis? Anaphase II? - Correct
Answers -anaphase 1 of meiosis-46 chromosomes
, anaphase II of meiosis-23 chromosomes
What is a calorie? - Correct Answers -the amount of energy that raises the temperature
1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius
What is a Calorie?(different) - Correct Answers -Kilocalorie(1,000 calories)
What is the First Law of Thermodynamics? Know it and what it means. - Correct
Answers -Energy cannot be created or destroyed(conservation of energy). You always
have the same amount of energy
Why is heat lost in biological systems? - Correct Answers -its hard to harness
Where does new energy come from? How is most energy lost(in what form)? - Correct
Answers -chemical reactions, heat/ATP
What is the Second Law of Thermodynamics? Know it and what it means. - Correct
Answers -Energy cannot be changed from one form into another without loss of usable
energy.
What is entropy? - Correct Answers -measure of disorder and randomness
How do you make a reaction go that requires energy? - Correct Answers -ATP
What is activation energy? - Correct Answers -the energy that activates the reactants in
a chemical reaction; triggers a chemical reaction to proceed
What is an enzyme and how do they work? - Correct Answers -A protein that speeds up
chemical reactions.
-they can function over and over again
-*work by lowering the activation energy of a chemical reaction
What factors affect how well enzymes work? - Correct Answers -specificity, pH,
temperature, concentration of enzyme/substrate, presence of inhibitor
How does an enzyme inhibitor work? - Correct Answers -a chemical interferes with an
enzyme's activity by acting as a substrate imposter and changing the enzyme's shape,
either by plugging up the active site or binding to another site on the enzyme
What is ATP and what is it used for? - Correct Answers -Adenosine Triphosphae,
energy that is currently in cells, used for cellular work
-can be broken down to a molecule of ADP
What is the difference between diffusion and osmosis? - Correct Answers -Diffusion-
passive transport, molecules spread to available space
Osmosis- passive transport of water across a selectively permeable membrane
What do all living organisms need to sustain life? - Correct Answers -energy
What is energy? - Correct Answers -the capacity to do work
What are the different types of energy? - Correct Answers -Kinetic- motion
Potential- stored
How do we measure energy? Why? - Correct Answers -Temperature
You are measuring the kinetic energy and there is heat
What is the study of energy? - Correct Answers –thermodynamics
What is the association between cancer and the cell cycle? - Correct Answers --cancer
cells do not respond normally to the cell cycle
-cells divide excessively
What causes mutations? - Correct Answers -change in nucleotide sequence
What is fertilization? - Correct Answers -fusion of sperm and eggs. results in zygote
Why is sexual reproduction important? - Correct Answers -passes along genetic
information
When does crossing over occur? - Correct Answers -Prophase I of meiosis
What are some key differences between mitosis and meiosis? - Correct Answers -
Mitosis- 46 chromosomes, genetically identical, one division
Meiosis-23 chromosomes(haploid), crossing over, 2 divisions
How do the chromosomes line up in Metaphase I of meiosis? Metaphase II? - Correct
Answers -metaphase I-46 chromosomes
metaphase II-23 chromosomes
How do the chromosomes divide in Anaphase 1 of meiosis? Anaphase II? - Correct
Answers -anaphase 1 of meiosis-46 chromosomes
, anaphase II of meiosis-23 chromosomes
What is a calorie? - Correct Answers -the amount of energy that raises the temperature
1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius
What is a Calorie?(different) - Correct Answers -Kilocalorie(1,000 calories)
What is the First Law of Thermodynamics? Know it and what it means. - Correct
Answers -Energy cannot be created or destroyed(conservation of energy). You always
have the same amount of energy
Why is heat lost in biological systems? - Correct Answers -its hard to harness
Where does new energy come from? How is most energy lost(in what form)? - Correct
Answers -chemical reactions, heat/ATP
What is the Second Law of Thermodynamics? Know it and what it means. - Correct
Answers -Energy cannot be changed from one form into another without loss of usable
energy.
What is entropy? - Correct Answers -measure of disorder and randomness
How do you make a reaction go that requires energy? - Correct Answers -ATP
What is activation energy? - Correct Answers -the energy that activates the reactants in
a chemical reaction; triggers a chemical reaction to proceed
What is an enzyme and how do they work? - Correct Answers -A protein that speeds up
chemical reactions.
-they can function over and over again
-*work by lowering the activation energy of a chemical reaction
What factors affect how well enzymes work? - Correct Answers -specificity, pH,
temperature, concentration of enzyme/substrate, presence of inhibitor
How does an enzyme inhibitor work? - Correct Answers -a chemical interferes with an
enzyme's activity by acting as a substrate imposter and changing the enzyme's shape,
either by plugging up the active site or binding to another site on the enzyme
What is ATP and what is it used for? - Correct Answers -Adenosine Triphosphae,
energy that is currently in cells, used for cellular work
-can be broken down to a molecule of ADP
What is the difference between diffusion and osmosis? - Correct Answers -Diffusion-
passive transport, molecules spread to available space
Osmosis- passive transport of water across a selectively permeable membrane
