NUR 376 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
immunocompetence75-75answer--
ability75to75protect75one's75self75from75infectious75agents75due75to75a75strong75immune75
system
immunosuppression75-75answer--
defective75immune75system75increasing75the75risk75for75infection
opportunistic75infection75-75answer--
infection75caused75by75a75microorganism75that75flourishes75because75of75a75deficient75i
mmune75system75(immunodeficiency)
hospital-acquired/health-care-acquired 75infection75-75answer--
infection75that75originates75within75the75clinical75environment
types75of75hypersensitivities75-75answer--I
II
III
IV
type75I75hypersensitivity75-75answer--immediate75hypersensitivity
type75I75immediate75hypersensitivity75is75a75______75that75occurs75after75_____75binds75
to75______75and75combines75with75_____75-75answer--
rapidly75developing75immune75reaction;
IgE;
mast75cells;
antigen
other75name75for75type75I75hypersensitivity75-75answer--allergy
atopic75disorder
example75of75type75175hypersensitivity75-75answer--common75allergens:
,-dust
-pollen
-animal75dander
-peanuts
-medications
type75II75hypersensitivity75-75answer--cytotoxic75hypersensitivity
type75II75cytotoxic75hypersensitivity75is75mediated75by75_____75directed75towards75____
_75-75answer--Igs;
antigens75present75on75cell75surfaces
example75of75type75II75hypersensitivity75-75answer--
blood75transfusion75reaction75due75to75wrong75blood75types
drug75reaction75caused75by75Igs75reacting75with75coated75host75cells
type75III75hypersensitivity75-75answer--complex75hypersensitivity
type75III75complex75hypersensitivity75occurs75when75____75combines75with75_____75with
in75_____75and75is75then75_____75-75answer--antigen;
immunoglobulin75(Ig);
blood75circulation;
deposited75at75tissues
the75deposition75of75______75within75tissues75causes75_____75-75answer--
Ig75complexes/immune75complexes;
organ75dysfunction
example75of75type75III75hypersensitivity75-75answer--
systemic75lupus75erythematosus75(SLE)
rheumatoid75arthritis75(RA)
type75IV75hypersensitivity75-75answer--delayed75hypersensitivity
type75IV75delayed75hypersensitivity75is75initiated75by75_____75that75have75had75______75
-75answer--T75lymphocytes;75
previous75exposure75to75an75antigen
,type75IV75delayed75hypersensitivity75reactions75occur75______75after75_____75-
75answer--days;
exposure75to75the75antigen
example75of75type75IV75hypersensitivity75-75answer--poison75ivy
"contact75dermatitis"
types75of75white75blood75cells75-75answer--monocytes-75inflammation/chronic/
autoimmune/malignant
lymphocytes-75viral75
neutrophils-75bacterial
eosinophils-75allergic
basophils-75parasitic
normal75WBC75count75-75answer--5,000-10,000
WBC75count75>11,00075-75answer--leukocytosis
WBC75count75>50,00075-75answer--leukemoid75reaction75
(leukemia)
WBC75<4,00075-75answer--leukopenia
normal75neutrophil75count75-75answer--2,500-6,000
neutrophil75count75>7,00075-75answer--neutrophilia
normal75monocyte75count75-75answer--200-800
monocyte75count75>80075or758%75-75answer--monocytic75leukocytosis
normal75eosinophil75count75-75answer--50-500
eosinophil75count75>60075-75answer--eosinophilia
normal75basophil75count75-75answer--0.5-1%
normal75lymphocyte75count75-75answer--1,400-4,000
lymphocyte75count75>4,00075-75answer--lymphocytosis
lymphocyte75count75<1,40075-75answer--lymphocytopenia
, normal75platelet75count75-75answer--150,000-400,000
normal75RBC75count75-75answer--4-675million
ICF75-75answer--fluid75at75cells/tissues
ECF75-75answer--fluid75at75bloodstream
ISF75-75answer--fluid75between75cells/tissues75and75bloodstream
hydrostatic75pressure75-75answer--
pushing75force75exerted75by75water75in75the75bloodstream
source75of75hydrostatic75pressure75-75answer--heart's75pulsatile75pumping75action
hydrostatic75pressure75is75the75_____75that75pushes75____75from75_____75to75_____75-
75answer--outward75force;
water;
ICF;
ISF75and75ECF
osmotic75pressure75-75answer--pressure75exerted75by75solutes75in75solution
osmotic75pressure75is75a75force75that75_____75into75the75____75from75the75_____75-
75answer--pulls75water;75
ECF;
ICF75and75ISF
osmotic75pressure75_____75hydrostatic75pressure75-75answer--opposes
fluid75will75move75from75____75osmotic75pressure75to75_____75osmotic75pressure75-
75answer--low;
high
isotonic75solution75-75answer--solution75with75the75same75tonicity/
particle75concentration75as75blood75and75body75fluids
isotonic75solution75causes75-75answer--no75fluid75shifts
ANSWERS
immunocompetence75-75answer--
ability75to75protect75one's75self75from75infectious75agents75due75to75a75strong75immune75
system
immunosuppression75-75answer--
defective75immune75system75increasing75the75risk75for75infection
opportunistic75infection75-75answer--
infection75caused75by75a75microorganism75that75flourishes75because75of75a75deficient75i
mmune75system75(immunodeficiency)
hospital-acquired/health-care-acquired 75infection75-75answer--
infection75that75originates75within75the75clinical75environment
types75of75hypersensitivities75-75answer--I
II
III
IV
type75I75hypersensitivity75-75answer--immediate75hypersensitivity
type75I75immediate75hypersensitivity75is75a75______75that75occurs75after75_____75binds75
to75______75and75combines75with75_____75-75answer--
rapidly75developing75immune75reaction;
IgE;
mast75cells;
antigen
other75name75for75type75I75hypersensitivity75-75answer--allergy
atopic75disorder
example75of75type75175hypersensitivity75-75answer--common75allergens:
,-dust
-pollen
-animal75dander
-peanuts
-medications
type75II75hypersensitivity75-75answer--cytotoxic75hypersensitivity
type75II75cytotoxic75hypersensitivity75is75mediated75by75_____75directed75towards75____
_75-75answer--Igs;
antigens75present75on75cell75surfaces
example75of75type75II75hypersensitivity75-75answer--
blood75transfusion75reaction75due75to75wrong75blood75types
drug75reaction75caused75by75Igs75reacting75with75coated75host75cells
type75III75hypersensitivity75-75answer--complex75hypersensitivity
type75III75complex75hypersensitivity75occurs75when75____75combines75with75_____75with
in75_____75and75is75then75_____75-75answer--antigen;
immunoglobulin75(Ig);
blood75circulation;
deposited75at75tissues
the75deposition75of75______75within75tissues75causes75_____75-75answer--
Ig75complexes/immune75complexes;
organ75dysfunction
example75of75type75III75hypersensitivity75-75answer--
systemic75lupus75erythematosus75(SLE)
rheumatoid75arthritis75(RA)
type75IV75hypersensitivity75-75answer--delayed75hypersensitivity
type75IV75delayed75hypersensitivity75is75initiated75by75_____75that75have75had75______75
-75answer--T75lymphocytes;75
previous75exposure75to75an75antigen
,type75IV75delayed75hypersensitivity75reactions75occur75______75after75_____75-
75answer--days;
exposure75to75the75antigen
example75of75type75IV75hypersensitivity75-75answer--poison75ivy
"contact75dermatitis"
types75of75white75blood75cells75-75answer--monocytes-75inflammation/chronic/
autoimmune/malignant
lymphocytes-75viral75
neutrophils-75bacterial
eosinophils-75allergic
basophils-75parasitic
normal75WBC75count75-75answer--5,000-10,000
WBC75count75>11,00075-75answer--leukocytosis
WBC75count75>50,00075-75answer--leukemoid75reaction75
(leukemia)
WBC75<4,00075-75answer--leukopenia
normal75neutrophil75count75-75answer--2,500-6,000
neutrophil75count75>7,00075-75answer--neutrophilia
normal75monocyte75count75-75answer--200-800
monocyte75count75>80075or758%75-75answer--monocytic75leukocytosis
normal75eosinophil75count75-75answer--50-500
eosinophil75count75>60075-75answer--eosinophilia
normal75basophil75count75-75answer--0.5-1%
normal75lymphocyte75count75-75answer--1,400-4,000
lymphocyte75count75>4,00075-75answer--lymphocytosis
lymphocyte75count75<1,40075-75answer--lymphocytopenia
, normal75platelet75count75-75answer--150,000-400,000
normal75RBC75count75-75answer--4-675million
ICF75-75answer--fluid75at75cells/tissues
ECF75-75answer--fluid75at75bloodstream
ISF75-75answer--fluid75between75cells/tissues75and75bloodstream
hydrostatic75pressure75-75answer--
pushing75force75exerted75by75water75in75the75bloodstream
source75of75hydrostatic75pressure75-75answer--heart's75pulsatile75pumping75action
hydrostatic75pressure75is75the75_____75that75pushes75____75from75_____75to75_____75-
75answer--outward75force;
water;
ICF;
ISF75and75ECF
osmotic75pressure75-75answer--pressure75exerted75by75solutes75in75solution
osmotic75pressure75is75a75force75that75_____75into75the75____75from75the75_____75-
75answer--pulls75water;75
ECF;
ICF75and75ISF
osmotic75pressure75_____75hydrostatic75pressure75-75answer--opposes
fluid75will75move75from75____75osmotic75pressure75to75_____75osmotic75pressure75-
75answer--low;
high
isotonic75solution75-75answer--solution75with75the75same75tonicity/
particle75concentration75as75blood75and75body75fluids
isotonic75solution75causes75-75answer--no75fluid75shifts
