Biology 121 Final Exam Study Guide.

BIOLOGY 121 FINAL EXAM STUDY
GUIDE




Which75of75the75following75is75not75part75of75the75scientific75method?
a.75experimentation
b.75theory
c.75prediction
d.75fact
e.75hypothesis75-75answer--d.75fact

What75is75a75hypothesis?
a.75the75same75thing75as75an75unproven75theory
b.75a75tentative75explanation75that75can75be75tested75by75experiments
c.75a75verifiable75observation
d.75a75prediction75that75can75be75tested75by75experimentation75-75answer--
b.75a75tentative75explanation75that75can75be75tested75by75experiments

All75living75organisms75share75five75fundamental75characteristics.75Which75of75the75follo
wing75is75not75one75of75these75characteristics?
a.75energy
b.75cell
c.75information
d.75sexual75recombination
e.75evolution75-75answer--d.75sexual75recombination

Louis75Pasteur's75experiment75had75a75good75design75because75_____.
a.75simple75equipment75was75used
b.75a75major75question,75spontaneous75generation,75was75tested
c.75the75possible75outcomes75led75to75distinct,75unambiguous75conclusions
d.75the75experiment75was75a75success75-75answer--
c.75the75possible75outcomes75led75to75distinct,75unambiguous75conclusions

Which75of75the75following75statements75about75viruses75is75incorrect?
a.75most75viruses75use75cellular75machinery75to75replicate75their75genetic75material
b.75the75genomes75of75viruses75are75enclosed75in75a75protein75coat75and75occasionally75
a75lipid75bilayer75envelope
c.75viruses75possess75the75ability75to75harness75energy75from75the75environment

,d.75viruses75are75valuable75tools75in75biological75research
e.75some75types75of75viruses75employ75replicative75cycles75involving75the75integration75o
f75their75genomes75into75the75genome75of75the75host75organism75-75answer--
c.75viruses75possess75the75ability75to75harness75energy75from75the75environment

Two75theories75form75the75framework75for75modern75biological75science.75They75are75th
e75cell75theory75and75the75theory75of75evolution75by75natural75selection.75Who75furthered
75the75cell75theory75by75showing75that75cells75arise75from75preexisting75cells?
a.75Hooke
b.75Leeuwenhoek
c.75Wallace
d.75Darwin
e.75Pasteur75-75answer--e.75Pasteur

Carl75Woese75et75al.75studied75small75____75molecules75and75establised75the75concept7
5of75____.
a.75DNA;75domains
b.75rRNA;75genus75and75species
c.75rRNA;75domains
d.75dDNA;75genus75and75species75-75answer--c.75rRNA;75domains

What75is75the75source75of75all75energy75for75life?
a.75sunlight
b.75chemicals
c.75sunlight75and75chemicals
d.75plants75-75answer--c.75sunlight75and75chemicals

An75atom75has75four75electrons75in75its75valence75shell.75What75type75of75covalent75bon
ds75is75it75capable75of75forming?
a.75single,75double75or75triple
b.75single75and75double75only
c.75four75single75bonds75only
d.75two75double75bonds75only75-75answer--a.75single,75double75or75triple

When75are75atoms75most75stable?
a.75when75they75have75the75fewest75possible75valence75electrons
b.75when75they75have75the75maximum75number75of75unpaired75electrons
c.75when75all75of75the75electron75orbitals75in75the75valence75shell75are75filled
d.75when75all75electrons75are75paired75-75answer--
c.75when75all75of75the75electron75orbitals75in75the75valence75shell75are75filled

Which75of75the75following75is75not75a75required75component75of75an75amino75acid?
a.75the75alpha75carbon
b.75the75carbonyl75group
c.75the75side75chain
d.75the75amino75group

,e.75the75hydrogen75opposite75of75the75R-group75-75answer--b.75the75carbonyl75group

Pure75water75has75a75pH75of75what?
a.751
b.754
c.755
d.757
e.751175-75answer--d.757

What75kind75of75reaction75results75in75the75peptide75bonds75in75proteins?
a.75an75oxidative75reaction
b.75a75reducing75reaction
c.75a75hydrolysis75reaction
d.75a75polar75reaction
e.75a75condensation75reaction75-75answer--e.75a75condensation75reaction

Cellular75processes75depend75on75a75few75classes75of75carbon-
based75molecules.75Which75of75these75is75not75carbon75based?
a.75Proteins75(amino75acids)
b.75Nucleic75Acids75(nucleotides)
c.75Carbohydrates75(sugars)
d.75Lipids75(fatty75acids)
e.75All75of75these75molecules75are75carbon75based75-75answer--
e.75All75of75these75molecules75are75carbon75based

What75is75the75difference75between75a75ribose75and75a75deoxyribose75sugar?
a.75the75number75of75phosphates
b.75the75number75of75carbons
c.75the75OH75group75or75the75H75group75at75the752'75carbon
d.75the75carbon75the75phosphate75is75attached75to
e.75All75of75these75differ75between75the75two75sugars75-75answer--
c.75the75OH75group75or75the75H75group75at75the752'75carbon

Lipids75are75defined75by75_______75and75are75_________.
a.75their75chemical75properties;75polar
b.75their75chemical75properties;75hydrophilic
c.75their75chemical75properties;75hydrophobic
d.75a75property;75hydrophilic
e.75a75property;75hydrophobic75-75answer--e.75a75property;75hydrophobic

In75which75of75the75following75cellular75processes75is75RNA75involved?
a.75transcription
b.75translation
c.75DNA75replication
d.75transcription75and75translation

, e.75all75of75these75choices75are75correct75-75answer--
e.75all75of75these75choices75are75correct

Which75one75of75the75following75nucleotides75hydrogen75base75pairs75with75adenine75in7
5an75RNA75molecule?
a.75cytosine
b.75thymine
c.75uracil
d.75adenine
e.75guanine75-75answer--c.75uracil

Imagine75you75have75discovered75a75new75species75of75bacteria.75To75begin75your75inve
stigation75of75this75organism,75you75run75an75assay75on75the75total75nucleotide75content7
5of75the75bacterial75cells.75If75they75cytosine75content75of75DNA75from75the75bacterial75ce
lls75is7517%,75what75is75the75adenine75content?
a.7517%
b.7534%
c.7566%
d.7533%
e.75It75is75impossible75to75calculate75this75number75for75eukaryotes75-75answer--d.7533%

The75strands75in75a75DNA75molecule75are:
a.75antiparallel
b.75noncomplementary
c.75identical
d.75perpendicular
e.75covalently75boded75to75each75other75-75answer--a.75antiparallel

An75exon75is75___________:
a.75a75protein75that75is75clipped75out75post-translationally
b.75RNA75that75is75removed75during75the75processing75of75an75RNA75molecule75and75re
mains75inside75the75nucleus
c.75part75of75an75intact,75mature75mRNA75that75leaves75the75nucleus
d.75a75transfer75RNA75that75binds75to75the75codon
e.75a75series75of75amino75acids75at75the75end75of75a75new75polypeptide75that75directs75tr
anscription75to75the75ER75-75answer--
c.75part75of75an75intact,75mature75mRNA75that75leaves75the75nucleus

In75the75DNA75sequence755'-TGAC-
3',75the75phosphodiester75linkage75between75the75guanine75and75the75adenine75connect
s:
a.75the753'75end75of75the75guanine75to75the755'75end75of75the75adenine
b.75the752'75end75of75the75adenine75to75the753'75end75of75the75guanine
c.75the755'75end75of75the75guanine75to75the751'75end75of75the75adenine
d.75D.75the753'75end75of75the75adenine75to75the755'75end75of75the75guanine.