TEST BANK Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing Practice 4th Edition by Butts & Rich, All Chapters 1-26 Chapters Covered,ISBN:9781284228823 /GET IT 100% ACCURATE!(Graded A+)

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Chapter 1 – Philosophy of Science: An Introduction j j j j j j j




1. Whyarenatural sciences also referred to as ―pure‖ sciences?
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf




A. Theyjarejconsideredjstand-alonejbodiesjofjuniquejknowledge.
B. Theyare the onlysciences to which the scientific method can be applied.
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf



C. Theyarethe original sciences upon which all others are based.
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf



D. Theyare not affected by subjectivityin the wayother sciences are.
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf




Ans: A

2. Whichis not an exampleof an applied science as used in health care today?
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf




A. Social work cf



B. Psychotherapy
C. Examination of care disparities cf cf cf



D. Pathology

Ans: x j cf cf




3. Roberta firmlybelieves that individual experiences are the source of all knowledge in
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf



the world. As a scientist, she acknowledges her role as a participant in the experiments
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf



she
cf



performs and does consider herself merely a disconnected observer of phenomenon.
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf



Roberta’s views are most closTelEySrT
cf efB
leA
ctN
ivKeSofEw
LhLicEhRs.chCoOolMof scientific thought?

A. NaturalScience cf



B.HumanjScience
cf



C. AppliedScience cf



D. SoftScience

cf Ans: c f B

4. What is the ultimate goal of the scientific method?
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf




A. Application of scientific results to a related body of knowledge in order tocf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf



cf meet some type of human need.
cf cf cf cf cf



B. Examination ofthe decisions made bya scientist to understand the ways in cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf



which subjectivity was introduced to the experiment.
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf



C. Reproduciblejexperimentaljresultsjthatjdojnotjtakejresearcherjindividualityjintojaccount.
D. Improvingthesituation orprocess used in the experiment to yield more accurate results cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf

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inrepeatexperiments.
cf




Ans: C
cf




5. Whichofthe following best describes the aim of natural sciences?
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf

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A. Affirmation of the importance of cultural understanding byuncovering cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf



the common subjective biases of different disciplines.
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf



B. Improvement of the quality of life byunderstanding what helps people maximize cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf



their functional abilities.
cf cf cf



C. Utilizationofknowledgebyapplyingit to aspecificpurposein orderto better asituation or
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf



change viewpoints.
cf cf



D. Developmentjofjknowledgejforjthejsakejofjdevelopingjknowledge, x cf



discoveringtruth,
jcontrollingjoutcomes. and




Ans: D

6. Gretchen and Peter are graduate students in the same Physics lab. Their supervisor
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf



has asked both of them to perform the same experiment using the same procedure and
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf



equipment. Afterthey’ve both completed their task, the compare their results and
cf c f cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf



discover that they are nearly identical. Which of the five criteria for science does
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf



Gretchen and Peter’s discovery exemplify?
cf cf cf cf cf




A. Intersubjectivejtestability
B. Reliability
C. Definiteness and precision cf cf



D. Coherence

Ans: A TESTBANKSELLER.COM
7. Whichstatement does not describe ageneral characteristic of philosophy?
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf




A. Thinking for the sake of thinking. cf cf cf cf cf



B. Utilization ofprocess and outcome. cf cf cf cf



C. Demarcationjofjwholenessjandjholism.
cf



D. Applicationof epistemology and ontology.
c f c f cf cf cf cf




Ans: C

8. Repetitive patterns ofbehavior dictated bypast experiences is an example ofwhich source of
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf



knowledge?
cf




A. Doctrine
B. Common sense cf



C. Tradition
D. Authorit

y Ans:
cf c f C