CSTU 101 Final Exam Questions Fully Solved Latest Version 2025-2026
Industrialism - Answers -first revolution takes place in Great Britain
-second revolution around the world
materialism - Answers the belief that science, technology, and industry can know all truth, solve all
problems, and create human happiness
George Hegel - Answers -German and philosophical ideal "workings of the mind"
-"the real is rational, the rational is real"
-"dialectic"
Karl Marx - Answers -wrote Das Kapital and The Communist Manifesto
-"works of the world unite! you have nothing to lose but your chains."
-history was propelled by material forces and the struggle of classes
utilitarianism - Answers the philosophic belief that moral good lies in the greatest happiness for the
greatest number
Jeremy Bentham - Answers argues that "happiness promised by social reforms could be positively and
empirically measured"
John Stuart Mill - Answers -known for his work "On Liberty"
-advocates for women's right to vote in The Subjection of Woman
-"actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness; wrong as they tend to produce the
reverse of happiness"
Charles Darwin - Answers -Origin of Species
-develops his theory of natural selection in which he argues that "humans had evolved naturally from
lower animals, according to inexorable laws of mutation and adaptation"
-Social Darwinism to justify class distinctions and colonial rule
Victorian Era - Answers -England the most prosperous and powerful of all industrial nations
-noted for its rapidly rising standards of living and "stunning technological advances"
-"first transatlantic telegraph cable connected Europe to North America"
-Edison's invention of the lightbulb lit by new power plants
, -Great Exhibition in London
Joseph Paxton - Answers -designed the Crystal Palace, covering 26 acres, including full-sized trees and
garden in its interior
iron and glass - Answers Industrialization and Victorian Era building materials (2)
Louis Sullivan - Answers -Chicago architect
-develops the first modern "skyscraper" like the Wainwright Building in St. Louis
-his work marked by his persuasion that "form follows function"
Chicago-style skyscrapers - Answers known as "commercial palaces"
Paris Architecture in the Industrialization Period - Answers -iron and glass construction
-Eiffel Tower
-Henri Labrouste's National Library
-redevelopmental plan of this city by Baron Georges-Eugene Houssmann: in order to build new
boulevards and monuments demolishes homes and shops of the poor
realism - Answers the truthful and objective representation of the social word, without illusion or
imaginative alternation
Gustave Courbet - Answers -declares that painting can only consist of the presentation of real and
existing things
painted the Burial of Ornans
Edouard Manet - Answers -post Courbet
-known for his updating of traditional paintings
-Luncheon in the Grass
Thomas Eakins - Answers -known for his combination of "realist technique" with an "American matter-
of-factness"
-painted the Gross Clinic
novel - Answers primary literature of the industrialization age
Charles Dickens - Answers -British novelist perhaps the most "outspoken in his protests against the
injustices of industrialism"
-social evils
Industrialism - Answers -first revolution takes place in Great Britain
-second revolution around the world
materialism - Answers the belief that science, technology, and industry can know all truth, solve all
problems, and create human happiness
George Hegel - Answers -German and philosophical ideal "workings of the mind"
-"the real is rational, the rational is real"
-"dialectic"
Karl Marx - Answers -wrote Das Kapital and The Communist Manifesto
-"works of the world unite! you have nothing to lose but your chains."
-history was propelled by material forces and the struggle of classes
utilitarianism - Answers the philosophic belief that moral good lies in the greatest happiness for the
greatest number
Jeremy Bentham - Answers argues that "happiness promised by social reforms could be positively and
empirically measured"
John Stuart Mill - Answers -known for his work "On Liberty"
-advocates for women's right to vote in The Subjection of Woman
-"actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness; wrong as they tend to produce the
reverse of happiness"
Charles Darwin - Answers -Origin of Species
-develops his theory of natural selection in which he argues that "humans had evolved naturally from
lower animals, according to inexorable laws of mutation and adaptation"
-Social Darwinism to justify class distinctions and colonial rule
Victorian Era - Answers -England the most prosperous and powerful of all industrial nations
-noted for its rapidly rising standards of living and "stunning technological advances"
-"first transatlantic telegraph cable connected Europe to North America"
-Edison's invention of the lightbulb lit by new power plants
, -Great Exhibition in London
Joseph Paxton - Answers -designed the Crystal Palace, covering 26 acres, including full-sized trees and
garden in its interior
iron and glass - Answers Industrialization and Victorian Era building materials (2)
Louis Sullivan - Answers -Chicago architect
-develops the first modern "skyscraper" like the Wainwright Building in St. Louis
-his work marked by his persuasion that "form follows function"
Chicago-style skyscrapers - Answers known as "commercial palaces"
Paris Architecture in the Industrialization Period - Answers -iron and glass construction
-Eiffel Tower
-Henri Labrouste's National Library
-redevelopmental plan of this city by Baron Georges-Eugene Houssmann: in order to build new
boulevards and monuments demolishes homes and shops of the poor
realism - Answers the truthful and objective representation of the social word, without illusion or
imaginative alternation
Gustave Courbet - Answers -declares that painting can only consist of the presentation of real and
existing things
painted the Burial of Ornans
Edouard Manet - Answers -post Courbet
-known for his updating of traditional paintings
-Luncheon in the Grass
Thomas Eakins - Answers -known for his combination of "realist technique" with an "American matter-
of-factness"
-painted the Gross Clinic
novel - Answers primary literature of the industrialization age
Charles Dickens - Answers -British novelist perhaps the most "outspoken in his protests against the
injustices of industrialism"
-social evils
