HIS 225 Test 3 Study Guide Questions And Answers Distinction Guaranteed Graded A+.

Pre Islamic - correct answer This Arabia was a nomadic, polytheistic, animistic, and deeply divided among tribes. Monotheist - correct answer If you worship only one god, then you are a ____. Allah - correct answer This Muslim name for God was probably a tribal god's name. Muhammad - correct answer This messenger of Allah began Islam. Submission - correct answer Islam defined in one word. Muslim - correct answer This word means "one who submits". Mecca - correct answer The Islamic holy city and home of Muhammad was in Arabia. Caliphate - correct answer This group of Muhammad's generals succeeded Muhammad as leaders of Islam. Ali - correct answer This Last Caliph, blood relative of Muhammad, led the Shi'ites until assassinated in 661. Umayyad - correct answer These successors to the Caliphate lost to the Franks at Tours, but controlled Spain until 1492. Qur'an - correct answer This is the Islamic Holy Scripture and collection of Allah's recitation to Muhammad. Hadith - correct answer Islam used this book as an historical account of the life of Muhammad. Sunna/Sharia - correct answer Muslims use this collection of stories and laws for the community's social contract. Sunni - correct answer This group has closed prophetic decisions; followed the Caliphate; majority party in Islam. Shi'ite - correct answer This group believes prophetic decisions have continued; followed Ali; minority party in Islam. Sufis - correct answer This group of Islamic mystics includes the "whirling dervishes". Five Pillars - correct answer This structure lists the 5 basic practices of Islam. Confession - correct answer "Allah is one and Muhammad is his prophet" is this Pillar of Islam Prayer - correct answer This Pillar calls for worship and prayer five times daily in a dedicated space Mosque - correct answer Muslims use this name for the Islamic place of worship. Giving - correct answer This Pillar of Islam is about helping the poor of the Umma. Fasting - correct answer Muslim accomplish this Pillar especially in Ramadan. Pilgrimage - correct answer As a Pillar, every Muslim tries to take this trip in his or her lifetime. Jihad - correct answer Islam developed this holy war concept as an outward physical and inward spiritual struggle. Shirk - correct answer The term for the idolatry, that attacks the nature of Allah. Abbasids - correct answer With its capital of Baghdad, this large Muslim empire lasted 500 years until Mongol defeat. Fatimad - correct answer This Cairo-based Shi'ite reform movement became a major caliphate across North Africa. Seljuk Turks - correct answer This Turkish Muslim tribe settled in Palestine and became a major part of the Crusades. Mongols - correct answer This Central Asian tribe overthrew the Abbasids then accepted Islam over Christianity. Ottoman Turks - correct answer These early modern Turks captured Constantinople and ruled the Middle East for 500 years. Hastings - correct answer As its conqueror, William subdued Harold at this battle in 1066 to become King of England. Baptism, Communion, Confirmation, Penance, Marriage, Ordination, and Unction. - correct answer 7 Sacraments Rome - correct answer Capital city of Roman Catholicism and always in conflict with the Holy Roman Empire. Constantinople - correct answer Capital city of the Byzantine Empire, sacked in the 4th Crusade, and later renamed Istanbul. 5 pillars of islam - correct answer Confession, Worship/Prayer, Giving, Fasting, and Pilgrimage. Babylonian Captivity - correct answer Controversial removal of the Roman pope to Avignon by the king of France. Eastern Orthodoxy - correct answer Eastern Roman Empire Christianity of Greek, Syrian, and Coptic, and later Slavic and Rus. Justinian - correct answer First great Byzantine emperor: extended the borders, codified laws, and lead the church. Byzantine Empire - correct answer Former Eastern Roman Empire that continued a Greek culture and withstood Islam until 1453. William I - correct answer Heir to Edward that conquered of the Saxons and expanded Norman rule into England. Magna Carta - correct answer In 1215, English land barons rebelled and made King John sign this early bill of rights: Otto I - correct answer In the 10th century, after the Vikings, __was restored as Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. Franks - correct answer In Western Europe, the first major Germanic tribe to convert to Roman Catholicism. Great Western Schism - correct answer Late medieval church division that resulted with popes in Rome and Avignon. 100 Year's War - correct answer Late medieval European war between England and France with Henry V and Joan d'Arc. The Black Death - correct answer Late Medieval plague accompanied by hysteria; started by fleas and poor sanitation. Holy Roman Empire - correct answer Later German empire that developed out of the eastern part of the Frankish kingdom. Richard Lionheart - correct answer Crusade and king of England that give land to France in Treaty of Messina. Vassal - correct answer Medieval practice where a lord gives land to a ____ in exchange for loyalty and protection.