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med Surg study guide 2

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This summary covers key nursing fundamentals essential for safe, effective patient care. It reviews proper patient positioning to prevent pressure ulcers and explains how positions like Semi-Fowler’s affect skin integrity. It outlines transmission-based precautions, including PPE for airborne diseases like TB and COVID. Pain management includes assessing pain levels, interventions, and respecting patient refusal. Bed bath types are selected based on patient mobility. In cases of dizziness, nurses ensure safety and communicate clearly. Levels of care (self, total, assisted, supervised) depend on patient independence. Foot drop, contractures, and osteoporosis require preventive care and exercises like passive or active ROM. SCD boots prevent DVT, while terms like shearing, peristalsis, and atelectasis are important for clinical understanding. Medical and surgical asepsis are distinguished, as are temperature routes, with rectal being most accurate. Vital signs—pulse, respiration, BP, and capillary refill—require specific techniques and documentation. Prevention of HAIs begins with hand hygiene. Sleep’s psychological benefits and promotion strategies are noted. Oral hygiene prevents gingivitis, thrush, and tooth decay. Pain assessment varies by age group. Different transmission modes, post-op infection signs, and standard precautions are explained. Knowledge of heart anatomy, SA/AV nodes, and BP sounds is essential. Prioritization of care, normal heart rates, fecal tests, infection chain, Joint Commission safety goals, and patient-centered care all support quality practice. Communication types, grief stages, G-tube feeding positions, special diets, bowel conditions, elderly UTI risks, and incontinence types are also addressed, emphasizing the importance of evidence-based, holistic nursing care.

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WFUNDAMENTALS:

Pressure Ulcers - what positions, what part of body will be affected

-Different positions, how it will impact skin conditions (Semi-Fowlers’, etc.)
Rationale for each position

Transmission-based isolation PPE (i.e. infectious disease)
TB, COVID - airborne diseases

Rationale when to give pain medications (pain scale)

Interventions for pain management.

What constitutes the patient to refuse pain medication.

What types of bed baths are available for patients, and determine which bed bath is best for a certain type
of patient?

Patient becomes lightheaded, what do you do, and how to communicate that to the patient.

What types of care can a nurse administer (4: self, total, assisted, supervised)? What type of patient
requires the different types of care?

What is foot drop?
What are contractures?
What is osteoporosis?

What are the nursing interventions for a patient who is dizzy?
What is the difference between orthostatic hyper/hypotension?
What are the symptoms of (symptomatic) bradycardia?

When to perform passive range of motion or active ROM exercises

Why is it important to wear SCD boots?

Terms:

Shearing
Peristalsis
Atelectasis
DVT - what is it, and how do you prevent it from occurring?

What is Medical Asepsis?

, Explain blood pressure measures.

Proper route for taking patient’s temperature
What is the most reliable route?
What is the least effective?

How do you measure pulse?
How do you document the quality of the pulse, and how do you describe it?
How does numbers correlate with pulse?

What is capillary refill?

How do you count respirations?

Descriptions of lung sounds (wheezes)

What is the first and primary way of preventing hospital acquired infections (HAI)?

Why your body has fevers

What is the difference between surgical asepsis, medical asepsis, sterile technique, primary defenses?

What do you need for TB PPE?

Proper use of restraints, and when to use them.
How often do you need to check? 2 hours.

RACE
PASS

Evidence based research and practice, why is it important?

QI process, quality improvement, what is it?
What is the process?

What is the scope of practice that a LVN?

What are fall precautions, and what are the most important? Bed rails.

Therapeutic communication, and how to ask therapeutic questions ​

Adjuvant categories

What are the signs and symptoms of kidney stones?

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April 18, 2025
Number of pages
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Written in
2024/2025
Type
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