imaInnate immune system is fastest and you are born with it
B cells responsible for humoral (fluid) immunity and antibody related immunity
Function I G (antibody), I E, I M, I A
Antigen- foreign invader
Antibody- defender against foreign invader
Know neutropenic precautions
Innate fastest, then humoral, slowest cell mediated
Steroids suppress our immune system
Nucogen stimulates and grows bone marrow
Zoonotic virus animal to human
Oncology 9/18:
Fast growing Abnormal cells that don’t go through apoptosis-cancer
Unintentional and unexplained weight loss
Starts as tumor or growth in the body
Biopsy is used to confirm cancer
Cancer prevention is the key
Carcinergin- smoking
Promoter- Alcohol, smoking
Most common types of cancer, preventable, and survival- breast and testicular
Lung and bronchi cancers are the bigger killers
Skin cancers are the most common
Tumor- neoplasm-new growth
Disease of aging
Chemotherapy kills any/ALL fast growing cells including- hair, nails, skin
Clonal proliferation-expansion
As a result of mutation that allows cell to have selective advantages over its neighbors
Increased growth rate or decreased apoptosis
Tumors- benign or malignant
Benign- resemble normal cells but can’t control cell proliferation
Does Not spread, stays in place (insitu/is)
Tissue name+ “-oma”
Grow slowly, surrounded by fibrous capsule, non invasive, well defined, low mitotic index
Do no infiltrate, invade
Malignant- lost the ability to control BOTH proliferation and differentiation
epithelial tissues- tissue name+ “carcinoma”
May secrete signals, enzymes, toxins..
Can continue to mutate, grow rapidly, not encapsulated, invasive, poorly differentiated,
high mitotic index, can spread distantly
Can compress and or destroy the surrounding tissue
Chemotherapeutic drugs require special PPE
Extravasation- complication of chemotherapeutic drugs
, Angiogenesis- rob the body of nutrients, how cancer cells survive
Carcinogenesis-
Heredity- mendelian inheritance of genes
Immune system regulates cancerous cells
Cancer is disruption in DNA structure
Systemic manifestations of cancer: anemia, anorexia, bone/muscle weakness, local erosion of
blood vessels, fatigue and sleep disturbances,
Grading vs staging: bigger the number larger the tumor T0, TIS T1-4
T represents the size
N represents non regional involvement- Nx, N0, N1, N2
M represents metastasized (if it has spread) M0 & M1
Cancer treatment:
Surgery
Radiation- use ionizing radiation to kill tumors
Signs of cancer:
Unusual discharge or bleeding
Sore that doesn't heal
A change in bowel or bladder
A lump in breast or other body parts
A nagging persistent cough
An obvious change in a mole
Difficulty swallowing
Mucositis affected by chemo
Radiation therapy- time and distance is always a factor
Dosimeter badge- for caring for patients with internal radiation
Never apply anything to radiated area unless prescribed by radiologist
Brachytherapy- internal radiation
Ommaya reservoir
Vesicants- chemicals that cause tissue damage on direct contact
Caines numb pain (ex lidocaine)
Balance rest and activity
More phosphorus= more calcium pulling out of your body
-osteoporosis
Colchicine- used for acute gout attacks
Hemolytic reaction- causes explosion of red blood cells
Burns 9/25
When wound is dry keep dry, when wet keep it we
EAR- emergent(emergency), acute phase, rehabilitative phase
Heat- most common
Electrical- the <3, iceberg effect, at risk for dysrhythmias and bone fractures
Chemical
B cells responsible for humoral (fluid) immunity and antibody related immunity
Function I G (antibody), I E, I M, I A
Antigen- foreign invader
Antibody- defender against foreign invader
Know neutropenic precautions
Innate fastest, then humoral, slowest cell mediated
Steroids suppress our immune system
Nucogen stimulates and grows bone marrow
Zoonotic virus animal to human
Oncology 9/18:
Fast growing Abnormal cells that don’t go through apoptosis-cancer
Unintentional and unexplained weight loss
Starts as tumor or growth in the body
Biopsy is used to confirm cancer
Cancer prevention is the key
Carcinergin- smoking
Promoter- Alcohol, smoking
Most common types of cancer, preventable, and survival- breast and testicular
Lung and bronchi cancers are the bigger killers
Skin cancers are the most common
Tumor- neoplasm-new growth
Disease of aging
Chemotherapy kills any/ALL fast growing cells including- hair, nails, skin
Clonal proliferation-expansion
As a result of mutation that allows cell to have selective advantages over its neighbors
Increased growth rate or decreased apoptosis
Tumors- benign or malignant
Benign- resemble normal cells but can’t control cell proliferation
Does Not spread, stays in place (insitu/is)
Tissue name+ “-oma”
Grow slowly, surrounded by fibrous capsule, non invasive, well defined, low mitotic index
Do no infiltrate, invade
Malignant- lost the ability to control BOTH proliferation and differentiation
epithelial tissues- tissue name+ “carcinoma”
May secrete signals, enzymes, toxins..
Can continue to mutate, grow rapidly, not encapsulated, invasive, poorly differentiated,
high mitotic index, can spread distantly
Can compress and or destroy the surrounding tissue
Chemotherapeutic drugs require special PPE
Extravasation- complication of chemotherapeutic drugs
, Angiogenesis- rob the body of nutrients, how cancer cells survive
Carcinogenesis-
Heredity- mendelian inheritance of genes
Immune system regulates cancerous cells
Cancer is disruption in DNA structure
Systemic manifestations of cancer: anemia, anorexia, bone/muscle weakness, local erosion of
blood vessels, fatigue and sleep disturbances,
Grading vs staging: bigger the number larger the tumor T0, TIS T1-4
T represents the size
N represents non regional involvement- Nx, N0, N1, N2
M represents metastasized (if it has spread) M0 & M1
Cancer treatment:
Surgery
Radiation- use ionizing radiation to kill tumors
Signs of cancer:
Unusual discharge or bleeding
Sore that doesn't heal
A change in bowel or bladder
A lump in breast or other body parts
A nagging persistent cough
An obvious change in a mole
Difficulty swallowing
Mucositis affected by chemo
Radiation therapy- time and distance is always a factor
Dosimeter badge- for caring for patients with internal radiation
Never apply anything to radiated area unless prescribed by radiologist
Brachytherapy- internal radiation
Ommaya reservoir
Vesicants- chemicals that cause tissue damage on direct contact
Caines numb pain (ex lidocaine)
Balance rest and activity
More phosphorus= more calcium pulling out of your body
-osteoporosis
Colchicine- used for acute gout attacks
Hemolytic reaction- causes explosion of red blood cells
Burns 9/25
When wound is dry keep dry, when wet keep it we
EAR- emergent(emergency), acute phase, rehabilitative phase
Heat- most common
Electrical- the <3, iceberg effect, at risk for dysrhythmias and bone fractures
Chemical
