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Samenvatting atypische ontwikkeling

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het handelen van kinderen en jongeren, module 4, OLOD 4.1

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INHOUDSOPGAVE: ATYPISCHE ONTWIKKELING
1 kinderergotherapie.............................................................................................................................................................4

1.1 Begripsomschrijving............................................................................................................................................................................... 4

1.2 Expert in het mogelijk maken van handelen................................................................................................................................ 4

1.3 Paradigmashift......................................................................................................................................................................................... 4

1.4 Het handelen.............................................................................................................................................................................................. 5

2 ontwikkelingsstoornissen.................................................................................................................................................5

3 participatie bij kinderen....................................................................................................................................................5

4 alarmsignalen........................................................................................................................................................................5

5 handelingsproblemen bij ASS..........................................................................................................................................6

5.1 Wat is autisme: DSM-V.......................................................................................................................................................................... 6
5.1.1 Criteria voor diagnostiek volgens DSM-V.................................................................................................................... 6
5.1.2 Verschillen in ernst............................................................................................................................................................... 6

5.2 Etiologie....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7

5.3 Oorzaak........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 7
5.3.1 Genetisch.................................................................................................................................................................................. 7
5.3.2 Omgeving.................................................................................................................................................................................. 7
5.3.3 Fysiologisch............................................................................................................................................................................. 7
5.3.4 Oorzaak op verschillende vlakken.................................................................................................................................. 8

5.4 Autisme verklaren................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
5.4.1 Triade van Lorna Wing........................................................................................................................................................ 9
5.4.2 Onzichtbare deel: verklaringstheorieën....................................................................................................................... 9
5.4.3 Centrale coherentie (CC).................................................................................................................................................... 9
5.4.4 Executieve functies (EF)..................................................................................................................................................... 9
5.4.5 Theory of mind (ToM)......................................................................................................................................................... 9
5.4.6 Zintuiglijke over-/ondergevoeligheid........................................................................................................................ 10
5.4.7 Contextblindheid................................................................................................................................................................ 10
5.4.8 Joint attention...................................................................................................................................................................... 10

6 handelingsproblemen bij DCD......................................................................................................................................10

6.1 Wat is DCD............................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
6.1.1 Overlap van DAMP............................................................................................................................................................. 11
6.1.2 Criteria volgens DSM-5..................................................................................................................................................... 11

6.2 Etiologie.................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11

6.3 Handelingsproblemen en kenmerken van DCD........................................................................................................................ 11
6.3.1 Dysgrafie................................................................................................................................................................................ 12

7 Handelingsproblemen bij ADHD..................................................................................................................................13

7.1 Wat is ADHD?.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 13
7.1.1 DSM-5...................................................................................................................................................................................... 13

, 7.2 Oorzaken van ADHD: neuropsychologisch verklaard........................................................................................................... 14
7.2.1 Inhibitiestoornis.................................................................................................................................................................. 14
7.2.2 Executieve functiestoornis.............................................................................................................................................. 14
7.2.3 Motivatiestoornis................................................................................................................................................................ 14
7.2.4 Tijdsperceptiestoornis..................................................................................................................................................... 14
7.2.5 Toestandsregulatiestoornis............................................................................................................................................ 15
7.2.6 Aanzet tot een transactioneel model.......................................................................................................................... 15

7.3 Risico- en beschermende factoren: biologie.............................................................................................................................. 15
7.3.1 Biologische factoren.......................................................................................................................................................... 15
7.3.2 Neurobiologische disfunctie........................................................................................................................................... 15
7.3.3 Temperament....................................................................................................................................................................... 15
7.3.4 Prenatale en andere risico’s........................................................................................................................................... 15

7.4 Risico- en beschermende factoren: opvoeding en omgeving..............................................................................................16
7.4.1 Psychosociale risico’s........................................................................................................................................................ 16
7.4.2 Zelfregulatie.......................................................................................................................................................................... 16

7.5 Risico- en beschermende factoren: 4-factorenmodel............................................................................................................ 16

7.6 Prevalentie............................................................................................................................................................................................... 16

7.7 Comorbiditeit.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 16

7.8 Gevolgen voor functioneren.............................................................................................................................................................. 17
7.8.1 Baby en peuter..................................................................................................................................................................... 17
7.8.2 Kleuter.................................................................................................................................................................................... 17
7.8.3 Lagereschoolkind............................................................................................................................................................... 17
7.8.4 Jongvolwassene................................................................................................................................................................... 17
7.8.5 Op de omgeving................................................................................................................................................................... 17

7.9 Assessment bij ADHD........................................................................................................................................................................... 18
7.9.1 Interview................................................................................................................................................................................ 18
7.9.2 Vragenlijsten......................................................................................................................................................................... 18
7.9.3 Testen...................................................................................................................................................................................... 18
7.9.4 Aanbevelingen voor diagnostiek.................................................................................................................................. 18

8 Handelingsproblemen bij leerstoornissen...............................................................................................................19

8.1 Begrippen................................................................................................................................................................................................. 19

8.2 M-decreet.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 19

8.3 Criteria voor een leerstoornis.......................................................................................................................................................... 19
8.3.1 Achterstandscriterium..................................................................................................................................................... 19
8.3.2 Exclusiecriterium................................................................................................................................................................ 19
8.3.3 Resistentiecriterium.......................................................................................................................................................... 19

8.4 Dyscalculie............................................................................................................................................................................................... 20
8.4.1 Definitie rekenen................................................................................................................................................................ 20
8.4.2 Dyscalculie DSM-5.............................................................................................................................................................. 20
8.4.3 Etiologie.................................................................................................................................................................................. 20
8.4.4 Verschijningsvormen van dyscalculie........................................................................................................................ 20
8.4.5 Theorie van Rourke........................................................................................................................................................... 21
8.4.6 Het triple-code model....................................................................................................................................................... 21
8.4.7 Metacognitie......................................................................................................................................................................... 21
8.4.8 Rekenen in dagelijks leven.............................................................................................................................................. 21

2

, 8.5 Dyslexie...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 22
8.5.1 Definitie IDA......................................................................................................................................................................... 22
8.5.2 DSM-5...................................................................................................................................................................................... 22
8.5.3 Etiologie.................................................................................................................................................................................. 22
8.5.4 Classificatie........................................................................................................................................................................... 22
8.5.5 Dysorthografie..................................................................................................................................................................... 22




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