Ons Chemotherapy Administration Actual Exam 2025/2026 Questions With Verified Correct Solutions || 100% Guaranteed Pass Brand New Version

ONS Chemotherapy Administration ACTUAL EXAM 2025/2026 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED CORRECT SOLUTIONS || 100% GUARANTEED PASS BRAND NEW VERSION 1. What do alkylating chemotherapy drugs do? - ANSWER Chemotherapy drugs that are cell cycle nonspecific, so they exert their effects in all phases of the cell cycle. They directly damage DNA to prevent cancer cells from reproducing. They cause breaks in the DNA or cross-linking in a process called alkylation, which causes the drug to interfere with DNA replication. 2. Neoadjuvant therapy - ANSWER a cancer treatment that precedes other primary treatment, such as administering chemotherapy or radiation therapy to a patient before surgery 3. Adjuvant therapy - ANSWER Treatment of disease with substances that assist or enhance the action of primary treatment (i.e. surgery or radiation). 4. Induction treatment of leukemia - ANSWER This phase of chemotherapy treatment (first phase of treatment) usually is initiated in the hospital because of its potential for serious side effects and complications from the severe, intended myelosuppression that ensues. The goal is to achieve a complete response. 5. Consolidation treatment - ANSWER This treatment is done to ensure the treatment takes effect and decreases the chance of a recurrence. This treatment is vital because leukemic cells that are not clinically apparent, as through a CBC laboratory draw result or bone marrow biopsy evaluation, are almost always still present to some small degree in the bone marrow. 6. Myeloablation therapy - ANSWER A process in which the bone marrow purposely is obliterated through chemotherapy or radiation to prepare for peripheral blood stem cell transplantation or bone marrow transplantation. Myeloablation often is used to treat blood (i.e., liquid) malignancies, such as leukemia or lymphoma. 7. IORT - ANSWER Intraoperative radiation therapy for localized area 8. Kilovoltage therapy - ANSWER Delivers maximum radiation dose to superficial lesions 9. Megavoltage therapy - ANSWER Delivers radiation dosage to deeper structures without harming the skin 10.Particle beam therapy - ANSWER Therapy using cyclotrons for late-stage malignant diseases 11.Brachytherapy - ANSWER Delivers high radiation dose to localized area using implants 12.Seed implants - ANSWER Small pieces of radioactive substances for cancer treatment 13.Low dose rate - ANSWER Radiation therapy where seeds emit radiation slowly over days 14.High dose rate radiation - ANSWER Radiation therapy where seeds emit radiation quickly in minutes 15.Systemic side effect - ANSWER Side effects like fatigue, malaise, headache, nausea, and vomiting 16.Late effects of radiation therapy - ANSWER Chronic effects like fibrotic changes in vital organs 17.Birth defects due to irradiation - ANSWER Congenital defects from radiation exposure during pregnancy 18.Chemotherapy - ANSWER Use of antineoplastic agents to attack cancer cells 19.Chemotherapeutic drugs - ANSWER Medicines impairing mitosis to target fast-dividing cells 20.Routes of chemo administration - ANSWER Includes topical, oral, IV, IM, SQ, arterial, intracavitary, intrathecal reinduction therapy - ANSWER This treatment is used when a patient who successfully completed induction and consolidation, but relapses months later. nation therapy - ANSWER This therapy reduces the likelihood of drug resistance because the different chemotherapy drugs have different mechanisms of action. Cancer cells usually are heterogeneous; therefore, the effect of different mechanisms of action increases the amount of cancer cells killed at one time. The efficiency seen by use of multiple chemotherapy agents within a regimen provides a synergistic effect. gy - ANSWER When one chemotherapy drug helps another one (given at the same time) work better, such as with leucovorin and 5- fluorouracil when treating colon cancer. Leucovorin increases the deadly effect that 5-fluorouracil has on cancer cells; in other words, the cytotoxicity is potentiated. ete response - ANSWER No identifiable cancer presence through signs or symptoms for at least one month or longer al response - ANSWER The measurable tumor is reduced by 50% for at least one month without the development of new tumors. e - ANSWER The tumor is reduced in size by less than 50%, or less than a 25% increase in tumor growth occurs. essive disease - ANSWER Tumor growth of more than 25% or development of new cancer growth in the body se or recurrence - ANSWER New tumor growth after experiencing a complete response 28.What are the three ways to measure a response to therapy? - ANSWER surgical, imaging and tumor marker tests 29.Chemotherapy goals for known biological behavior - ANSWER Tailoring chemotherapy treatment based on the expected behavior of the tumor 30.Chemotherapy for osteosarcoma - ANSWER Using chemotherapy as a treatment option for osteosarcoma, a type of bone cancer 31.Chemotherapy for systemic disease - ANSWER Administering chemotherapy to treat cancer that has spread throughout the body 32.Cell cycle and chemotherapy - ANSWER Understanding the phases of the cell cycle and how chemotherapy drugs target specific phases to inhibit cell division 33.Fractional cell kill - ANSWER The concept that chemotherapy kills a constant fraction of cells, not a fixed number, leading to a reduction in tumor size over time 34.Mechanisms of chemotherapy resistance - ANSWER Understanding the various ways in which cancer cells can become resistant to the effects of chemotherapy drugs 35.Response to chemotherapy - ANSWER Defining different levels of response to chemotherapy treatment, such as complete response, partial response, stable disease, and progressive disease 36.Clinical trials in chemotherapy - ANSWER The different phases of clinical trials and their purpose in evaluating the safety and efficacy of new chemotherapy drugs 37.Chemotherapy dosing - ANSWER Determining the appropriate dosage of chemotherapy drugs based on body weight or body surface area 38.Common toxicities of chemotherapy - ANSWER Being aware of the common side effects and complications associated with chemotherapy treatment 39.Managing adverse effects of chemotherapy - ANSWER Strategies and interventions to mitigate and treat the adverse effects of chemotherapy, such as gastrointestinal complications, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia 40.MDR1 mutation and chemotherapy - ANSWER Understanding the implications of the MDR1 gene mutation on the metabolism and toxicity of chemotherapy drugs 41.Metronomic chemotherapy - ANSWER The use of low-dose, continuous chemotherapy to target tumor angiogenesis and suppress tumor growth 42.Canine melanoma vaccine - ANSWER A DNA vaccine that targets the tyrosinase protein in canine melanoma cells, stimulating an immune response against the tumor 43.NSAIDs in chemotherapy - ANSWER The use of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to manage pain and inflammation associated with chemotherapy treatment 44.Tyrosine kinase inhibitors - ANSWER Drugs that target specific enzymes involved in cell signaling pathways, used in the treatment of certain types of cancer 45.Excretion of MDR1 substrates - ANSWER The elimination of chemotherapy drugs from the body, particularly in relation to the MDR1 gene mutation 46.G phases chemotherapy specific goal(s) - ANSWER prevent development of elements necessary for mitosis.