, CHAPTER 1: The Science of the Mind
h h h h h h
LEARNING hOBJECTIVES
1.1. Describe hthe hscope hand hgoals hof hcognitive hpsychology.
1.2. Understand hthe hcase hof hH.M., hand hthe hmany hways hthat hmemory hinfluences hour hlives.
1.3. Describe hthe hlimitations hof hintrospection has ha hmethod hfor hscientific hinquiry.
1.4. Compare hand hcontrast hclassical h(Watsonian) hbehaviorism hand hcognitive hpsychology.
1.5. Kant’s h“transcendental hmethod” his hsometimes h called h“inference hto hbest h explanation.” hExplain hthis hmethod hand hhow hitworks.
1.6. Describe hthe hrole, hin hthe hemergence hof hcognitive hpsychology, hthat hwas hplayed hby hcomputer hscience hand hthe hdevelop-
ment hof h“computer hintelligence.”
MULTIPLE hCHOICE
1. Which hof hthe hfollowing htopics his hNOT hcommonly hstudied hwithin h cognitive hpsychology?
a. anger hmanagement c. memory
b. decision hmaking d. Attention
ANS: h A DIF: Easy REF: The hScope hof hCognitive
hPsychology hOBJ: 1.1 MSC: hUnderstanding
2. Cognitive hprocesses h are hNOT hnecessaryhfor h which h dailyhactivity?
a. reading ha hnewspaper c. talking hon hthe hphone
b. studying hfor ha htest d. breathing
ANS: h D DIF: Easy REF: The hScope hof hCognitive hPsychology
OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Applying
3. Alyssa hwants hto hbe ha hpsychologist hbut his hunsure hwhich htopic hwithin hpsychology hmost hinterests hher. hWhich hof
the hfollowing htopics hwould hbe hLEAST hlikely hto hlead hher hinto hcognitive hpsychology?
h
a. amnesia c. Lyme hdisease
b. language h acquisition d. problem-solving hstrategies
,ANS: h C DIF: Easy REF: The hScope hof hCognitive
hPsychology hOBJ: 1.1 MSC: hApplying
4. Consider hthe hsequence h“Betsy hwanted hto hbring hJacob ha hpresent. hShe hshook hher hpiggy hbank.” hMost hpeople,
hafter hhearing hthis hsequence, hbelieve hBetsy hwas hchecking hher hpiggy hbank hto hsee hif hshe hhad hmoney hto hspend hon hthe hgift. hThis
hinference habout hBetsy’s hgoals hdepends hon hthe hfact hthat
a. our hprevious hknowledge hfills hin hbackground hinformation hwhenever hwe’re hunderstanding han
hevent hor hconversation.
b. readers hare hlikely hto hknowhsomeone hnamed hJacob.
c. English, hunlike hother hlanguages, hrequires hspeakers hto hmention hall hofhthe hpeople hinvolved hin
han hevent.
d. the hindividual hsentences hare hshort.
ANS: h A DIF: Easy REF: The hBroad hRole hfor
hMemory hOBJ: 1.1 MSC: hUnderstanding
5. Which hof hthe hfollowing hstatements his hLEAST hlikely hto happly hto hpatient hH.M.?
a. “He hcannot hremember hwhat hhe hdid hearlier htoday, hincluding hevents hthat htook hplace hjust han hhour hago.”
b. “He hread hthis hstory hlast hmonth, hbut hhe hwas hstill hsurprised hby hhow hthe hstory hturned hout.”
c. “Even hthough hhe hhas hencountered hthehnurse hmanyhtimes, hhe his hstill hunable hto hrecognize hher.”
d. “He hremembered hthat hit hwas honly ha hweek hago hthat hhe’d hheard hthe hsad hnews hthat hhis huncle hhad hdied.”
ANS: h D DIF: Moderate REF: Amnesia hand hMemory
hLoss hOBJ: 1.2 MSC: hApplying
6. Research hwith hH.M. hprovides han hillustration h for hwhich hmajor htheme hof hthe hchapter?
a. Introspection hishan himportant hresearch htool hfor hcognitive hpsychologists.
b. Cognitive hpsychology hcan hhelp hus hunderstand ha hwide hrange hof hactivities hthat hdepend hon
hsomeone’s hability hto hremember.
c. Memory his hnot hvery himportant.
d. The hdisruption hcaused hby hbrain hdamage hdepends hon hhow hwidespread hthe hdamage his, hand hnot hon
hthe hspecific hsites hthat hare hdamaged.
ANS: h h B DIF: Moderate REF: The hScope hof hCognitive hPsychology
OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Evaluating
7. Patients hsuffering hfrom hclinical hamnesia hare hcharacterized hby
a. memory hdysfunction. c. inarticulate hspeech.
b. an hinabilityhto hrecognize hpatterns. d. impaired hlanguage hcomprehension.
ANS: h A DIF: Easy REF: Amnesia hand hMemory
hLoss hOBJ: 1.2 MSC: hRemembering
8. The hterm h“introspection” hrefers hto hthe
a. process hby hwhich hone hindividual hseeks hto hinfer hthe hthoughts hof hanother hindividual.
b. procedure hof hexamining hthought h processing hby hmonitoring hthe hbrain’s helectrical h activity.
, c. process hof heach hperson hlooking hwithin, hto hobserve hhis hor hher hown hthoughts hand hideas.
d. technique hof hstudying hthought hby hinterpreting hthe hsymbols hused hin hcommunication.
ANS: h C DIF: Easy REF: The hLimits hof
hIntrospection hOBJ: 1.3 MSC: hRemembering
9. Ahparticipant his hasked hto hlook hwithin hhimself hor hherself hand hreport hon hhis hor hher hown hmental hprocesses. hThis hmethod
is hcalled
a. logical hinference. c. introspection.
b. reconstruction. hd.
ANS: h C DIF: Easy REF: The hLimits hof
hIntrospection hOBJ: 1.3 MSC: hRemembering
10. Of hthe hfollowing, hintrospection h is hLEAST huseful h for hstudying
a. topics hthat hare hstrongly hcolored hbyhemotion.
b. mental hevents hthat hare hunconscious.
c. processes hthat hinvolve hconceptual hknowledge.
d. events hthat htake ha hlong htime hto hunfold.
ANS: h B DIF: Moderate REF: The hLimits hof
hIntrospection hOBJ: 1.3 MSC: hUnderstanding
11. Which hof hthe hfollowing hstatements habout h introspection h is hFALSE?
a. It his hthe honly hway hto hobserve hconscious hevents hdirectly.
b. It his hsubjective.
c. It hprovides hstrong hevidence hfor hhypothesis-testing.
d. It hwas ha htechnique hused hhistorically hto hstudy hcognition.
ANS: h C DIF: Moderate REF: The hLimits hof
hIntrospection hOBJ: 1.3 MSC: hUnderstanding
12. Genie hwonders hwhy hshe hcan hnever hremember hthe hnames hof hnewhacquaintances. hIn hsearch hof han hanswer, hshe
examines hand hreflects hon hher hfeelings habout hmeeting hnew hpeople. hGenie his hengaged hin hwhich hprocess?
h
a. practical h rehearsal c. learning hhistory hanalysis
b. introspection d. goal hretrieval
ANS: h B DIF: Moderate REF: The hLimits hof
hIntrospection hOBJ: 1.3 MSC: hApplying
13. Introspection hwas hemployed has ha hresearch htool hin hthe hlate h1800s hbecause
a. it hwas hregarded has hthe honly hway hto hobserve hthe hmind’s hcontents hdirectly.
b. it hprovided h data hfrom hindividuals hwithout hanyhspecialized htraining.
c. conscious hevents hare hjust has himportant has hunconscious hevents.
h h h h h h
LEARNING hOBJECTIVES
1.1. Describe hthe hscope hand hgoals hof hcognitive hpsychology.
1.2. Understand hthe hcase hof hH.M., hand hthe hmany hways hthat hmemory hinfluences hour hlives.
1.3. Describe hthe hlimitations hof hintrospection has ha hmethod hfor hscientific hinquiry.
1.4. Compare hand hcontrast hclassical h(Watsonian) hbehaviorism hand hcognitive hpsychology.
1.5. Kant’s h“transcendental hmethod” his hsometimes h called h“inference hto hbest h explanation.” hExplain hthis hmethod hand hhow hitworks.
1.6. Describe hthe hrole, hin hthe hemergence hof hcognitive hpsychology, hthat hwas hplayed hby hcomputer hscience hand hthe hdevelop-
ment hof h“computer hintelligence.”
MULTIPLE hCHOICE
1. Which hof hthe hfollowing htopics his hNOT hcommonly hstudied hwithin h cognitive hpsychology?
a. anger hmanagement c. memory
b. decision hmaking d. Attention
ANS: h A DIF: Easy REF: The hScope hof hCognitive
hPsychology hOBJ: 1.1 MSC: hUnderstanding
2. Cognitive hprocesses h are hNOT hnecessaryhfor h which h dailyhactivity?
a. reading ha hnewspaper c. talking hon hthe hphone
b. studying hfor ha htest d. breathing
ANS: h D DIF: Easy REF: The hScope hof hCognitive hPsychology
OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Applying
3. Alyssa hwants hto hbe ha hpsychologist hbut his hunsure hwhich htopic hwithin hpsychology hmost hinterests hher. hWhich hof
the hfollowing htopics hwould hbe hLEAST hlikely hto hlead hher hinto hcognitive hpsychology?
h
a. amnesia c. Lyme hdisease
b. language h acquisition d. problem-solving hstrategies
,ANS: h C DIF: Easy REF: The hScope hof hCognitive
hPsychology hOBJ: 1.1 MSC: hApplying
4. Consider hthe hsequence h“Betsy hwanted hto hbring hJacob ha hpresent. hShe hshook hher hpiggy hbank.” hMost hpeople,
hafter hhearing hthis hsequence, hbelieve hBetsy hwas hchecking hher hpiggy hbank hto hsee hif hshe hhad hmoney hto hspend hon hthe hgift. hThis
hinference habout hBetsy’s hgoals hdepends hon hthe hfact hthat
a. our hprevious hknowledge hfills hin hbackground hinformation hwhenever hwe’re hunderstanding han
hevent hor hconversation.
b. readers hare hlikely hto hknowhsomeone hnamed hJacob.
c. English, hunlike hother hlanguages, hrequires hspeakers hto hmention hall hofhthe hpeople hinvolved hin
han hevent.
d. the hindividual hsentences hare hshort.
ANS: h A DIF: Easy REF: The hBroad hRole hfor
hMemory hOBJ: 1.1 MSC: hUnderstanding
5. Which hof hthe hfollowing hstatements his hLEAST hlikely hto happly hto hpatient hH.M.?
a. “He hcannot hremember hwhat hhe hdid hearlier htoday, hincluding hevents hthat htook hplace hjust han hhour hago.”
b. “He hread hthis hstory hlast hmonth, hbut hhe hwas hstill hsurprised hby hhow hthe hstory hturned hout.”
c. “Even hthough hhe hhas hencountered hthehnurse hmanyhtimes, hhe his hstill hunable hto hrecognize hher.”
d. “He hremembered hthat hit hwas honly ha hweek hago hthat hhe’d hheard hthe hsad hnews hthat hhis huncle hhad hdied.”
ANS: h D DIF: Moderate REF: Amnesia hand hMemory
hLoss hOBJ: 1.2 MSC: hApplying
6. Research hwith hH.M. hprovides han hillustration h for hwhich hmajor htheme hof hthe hchapter?
a. Introspection hishan himportant hresearch htool hfor hcognitive hpsychologists.
b. Cognitive hpsychology hcan hhelp hus hunderstand ha hwide hrange hof hactivities hthat hdepend hon
hsomeone’s hability hto hremember.
c. Memory his hnot hvery himportant.
d. The hdisruption hcaused hby hbrain hdamage hdepends hon hhow hwidespread hthe hdamage his, hand hnot hon
hthe hspecific hsites hthat hare hdamaged.
ANS: h h B DIF: Moderate REF: The hScope hof hCognitive hPsychology
OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Evaluating
7. Patients hsuffering hfrom hclinical hamnesia hare hcharacterized hby
a. memory hdysfunction. c. inarticulate hspeech.
b. an hinabilityhto hrecognize hpatterns. d. impaired hlanguage hcomprehension.
ANS: h A DIF: Easy REF: Amnesia hand hMemory
hLoss hOBJ: 1.2 MSC: hRemembering
8. The hterm h“introspection” hrefers hto hthe
a. process hby hwhich hone hindividual hseeks hto hinfer hthe hthoughts hof hanother hindividual.
b. procedure hof hexamining hthought h processing hby hmonitoring hthe hbrain’s helectrical h activity.
, c. process hof heach hperson hlooking hwithin, hto hobserve hhis hor hher hown hthoughts hand hideas.
d. technique hof hstudying hthought hby hinterpreting hthe hsymbols hused hin hcommunication.
ANS: h C DIF: Easy REF: The hLimits hof
hIntrospection hOBJ: 1.3 MSC: hRemembering
9. Ahparticipant his hasked hto hlook hwithin hhimself hor hherself hand hreport hon hhis hor hher hown hmental hprocesses. hThis hmethod
is hcalled
a. logical hinference. c. introspection.
b. reconstruction. hd.
ANS: h C DIF: Easy REF: The hLimits hof
hIntrospection hOBJ: 1.3 MSC: hRemembering
10. Of hthe hfollowing, hintrospection h is hLEAST huseful h for hstudying
a. topics hthat hare hstrongly hcolored hbyhemotion.
b. mental hevents hthat hare hunconscious.
c. processes hthat hinvolve hconceptual hknowledge.
d. events hthat htake ha hlong htime hto hunfold.
ANS: h B DIF: Moderate REF: The hLimits hof
hIntrospection hOBJ: 1.3 MSC: hUnderstanding
11. Which hof hthe hfollowing hstatements habout h introspection h is hFALSE?
a. It his hthe honly hway hto hobserve hconscious hevents hdirectly.
b. It his hsubjective.
c. It hprovides hstrong hevidence hfor hhypothesis-testing.
d. It hwas ha htechnique hused hhistorically hto hstudy hcognition.
ANS: h C DIF: Moderate REF: The hLimits hof
hIntrospection hOBJ: 1.3 MSC: hUnderstanding
12. Genie hwonders hwhy hshe hcan hnever hremember hthe hnames hof hnewhacquaintances. hIn hsearch hof han hanswer, hshe
examines hand hreflects hon hher hfeelings habout hmeeting hnew hpeople. hGenie his hengaged hin hwhich hprocess?
h
a. practical h rehearsal c. learning hhistory hanalysis
b. introspection d. goal hretrieval
ANS: h B DIF: Moderate REF: The hLimits hof
hIntrospection hOBJ: 1.3 MSC: hApplying
13. Introspection hwas hemployed has ha hresearch htool hin hthe hlate h1800s hbecause
a. it hwas hregarded has hthe honly hway hto hobserve hthe hmind’s hcontents hdirectly.
b. it hprovided h data hfrom hindividuals hwithout hanyhspecialized htraining.
c. conscious hevents hare hjust has himportant has hunconscious hevents.
