Medical Surgical Nursing Certification
Final Test Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Multiple Choice
A patient with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) presents with
Kussmaul respirations. What is the primary reason for this type of
breathing?
A) Hypoxia
B) Compensation for metabolic acidosis
C) Electrolyte imbalance
D) Pain-induced hyperventilation
ANS: B) Compensation for metabolic acidosis
Rationale: Kussmaul respirations are a compensatory
mechanism to reduce acidosis by exhaling excess carbon dioxide.
©2025
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2. Fill-in-the-Blank
________ is the gold standard diagnostic test for pulmonary
embolism.
ANS: Computed Tomography Pulmonary Angiography
(CTPA)
Rationale: CTPA is the preferred diagnostic tool due to its high
sensitivity and specificity for detecting pulmonary embolism.
---
3. True/False
In patients with chronic kidney disease, dietary potassium intake
should always be unrestricted.
ANS: False
Rationale: Potassium restriction is crucial to prevent
hyperkalemia, which is a common complication in chronic kidney
disease.
---
©2025
, 4. Multiple Response
Which of the following are signs of hypocalcemia? (Select all that
apply.)
A) Chvostek's sign
B) Trousseau's sign
C) Hyperreflexia
D) Hypertension
ANSs: A) Chvostek's sign, B) Trousseau's sign, C)
Hyperreflexia
Rationale: Hypocalcemia affects neuromuscular excitability,
resulting in positive Chvostek's and Trousseau's signs as well as
hyperreflexia.
---
5. Multiple Choice
What is the initial pharmacological management for a patient
experiencing hypertensive crisis?
A) Beta-blockers
B) Angiotensin receptor blockers
©2025
Final Test Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Multiple Choice
A patient with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) presents with
Kussmaul respirations. What is the primary reason for this type of
breathing?
A) Hypoxia
B) Compensation for metabolic acidosis
C) Electrolyte imbalance
D) Pain-induced hyperventilation
ANS: B) Compensation for metabolic acidosis
Rationale: Kussmaul respirations are a compensatory
mechanism to reduce acidosis by exhaling excess carbon dioxide.
©2025
,---
2. Fill-in-the-Blank
________ is the gold standard diagnostic test for pulmonary
embolism.
ANS: Computed Tomography Pulmonary Angiography
(CTPA)
Rationale: CTPA is the preferred diagnostic tool due to its high
sensitivity and specificity for detecting pulmonary embolism.
---
3. True/False
In patients with chronic kidney disease, dietary potassium intake
should always be unrestricted.
ANS: False
Rationale: Potassium restriction is crucial to prevent
hyperkalemia, which is a common complication in chronic kidney
disease.
---
©2025
, 4. Multiple Response
Which of the following are signs of hypocalcemia? (Select all that
apply.)
A) Chvostek's sign
B) Trousseau's sign
C) Hyperreflexia
D) Hypertension
ANSs: A) Chvostek's sign, B) Trousseau's sign, C)
Hyperreflexia
Rationale: Hypocalcemia affects neuromuscular excitability,
resulting in positive Chvostek's and Trousseau's signs as well as
hyperreflexia.
---
5. Multiple Choice
What is the initial pharmacological management for a patient
experiencing hypertensive crisis?
A) Beta-blockers
B) Angiotensin receptor blockers
©2025
