,Table of Contents
Chaptere1 Introduction:eThemeseinetheeStudyeofeLife 1
Chaptere2 TheeChemicaleContexteofeLife 17
Chaptere3 WatereandetheeFitnesseofetheeEnvironment 41
Chaptere4 CarboneandetheeMoleculareDiversityeofeLife 61
Chaptere5 TheeStructureeandeFunctioneofeLargeeBiologicaleMolecules 82
Chaptere6 AeToureofetheeCell 110
Chaptere7 MembraneeStructureeandeFunction 129
Chaptere8 AneIntroductionetoeMetabolism 150
Chaptere9 CellulareRespiration:eHarvestingeChemicaleEnergy 172
Chaptere10 Photosynthesis 200
Chaptere11 CelleCommunication 220
Chaptere12 TheeCelleCycle 236
Chaptere13 MeiosiseandeSexualeLifeeCycles 257
Chaptere14 MendeleandetheeGeneeIdea 277
Chaptere15 TheeChromosomaleBasiseofeInheritance 301
Chaptere16 TheeMoleculareBasiseofeInheritance 321
Chaptere17 FromeGeneetoeProtein 340
Chaptere18 RegulationeofeGeneeExpression 364
Chaptere19 Viruses 389
Chaptere20 Biotechnology 400
Chaptere21 GenomeseandeTheireEvolution 420
Chaptere22 DescentewitheModification:eAeDarwinianeVieweofeLife 430
Chaptere23 TheeEvolutioneofePopulations 447
Chaptere24 TheeOrigineofeSpecies 472
Chaptere25 TheeHistoryeofeLifeeoneEarth 491
Chaptere26 PhylogenyeandetheeTreeeofeLife 519
Chaptere27 BacteriaeandeArchaea 546
Chaptere28 Protists 571
Chaptere29 PlanteDiversityeI:eHowePlantseColonizedeLand 595
Chaptere30 PlanteDiversityeII:eTheeEvolutioneofeSeedePlants 615
,Chaptere31 Fungi 642
Chaptere32 AneIntroductionetoeAnimaleDiversity 665
Chaptere33 Invertebrates 689
Chaptere34 Vertebrates 717
Chaptere35 PlanteStructure,eGrowth,eandeDevelopment 744
Chaptere36 ResourceeAcquisitioneandeTransporteineVascularePlants 764
Chaptere37 SoileandePlanteNutrition 784
Chaptere38 AngiospermeReproductioneandeBiotechnology 805
Chaptere39 PlanteResponsesetoeInternaleandeExternaleSignals 825
Chaptere40 BasicePrincipleseofeAnimaleFormeandeFunction 851
Chaptere41 AnimaleNutrition 869
Chaptere42 CirculationeandeGaseExchange 886
Chaptere43 TheeImmuneeSystem 905
Chaptere44 OsmoregulationeandeExcretion 927
Chaptere45 HormoneseandetheeEndocrineeSystem 939
Chaptere46 AnimaleReproduction 956
Chaptere47 AnimaleDevelopment 976
Chaptere48 Neurons,eSynapses,eandeSignaling 993
Chaptere49 NervouseSystems 1007
Chaptere50 SensoryeandeMotoreMechanisms 1019
Chaptere51 AnimaleBehavior 1035
Chaptere52 AneIntroductionetoeEcologyeandetheeBiosphere 1054
Chaptere53 PopulationeEcology 1074
Chaptere54 CommunityeEcology 1102
Chaptere55 Ecosystems 1121
Chaptere56 ConservationeBiologyeandeRestorationeEcology 1144
, Chapter 1 Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life
e ee e e e e e e
TheeintroductionetoetheestudyeofebiologyeineChaptere1ehighlightsesevenebooke-
wideethemes,ewithespecialeemphasiseonetheecoreethemeeofeevolution.eHowescientistseuseeinductiveereasoni
ngetoedrawegeneraleconclusionseandedeductiveereasoningetoetestehypotheseseiseemphasized.eQuestionseinet
hisechaptereareedesignedetoehelpeassesseaestudent’seunderstandingeofetheecontenteofeChaptere1ebasedeoneth
eethreeekeyeconcepts.
Multiple-ChoiceeQuestions
Whicheofetheefollowingepropertieseoreprocessesedoeweeassociateewithelivingethings?
evolutionaryeadaptations
energyeprocessing
respondingetoetheeenvironment
growtheandereproduction
alleofetheeabove
Answer:eE
Topic:eOverview
Skill:eKnowledge/Application
Whicheofetheefollowingeisenoteaethemeethateunifiesebiology?
interactionewithetheeenvironment
emergenteproperties
evolution
reductionism
structureeandefunction
Answer:eD
Topic:eConcepte1.1
Skill:eKnowledge/Application
Whicheofetheefollowingesequenceserepresentsetheehierarchyeofebiologicaleorganizationefromet
heeleastetoetheemostecomplexelevel?
organelle,etissue,ebiosphere,eecosystem,epopulation,eorganism
cell,ecommunity,epopulation,eorganesystem,emolecule,eorganelle
organism,ecommunity,ebiosphere,emolecule,etissue,eorgan
ecosystem,ecell,epopulation,etissue,eorganism,eorganesystem
molecule,ecell,eorganesystem,epopulation,eecosystem,ebiosphere
Answer:eE
Topic:eConcepte1.1
Skill:eKnowledge/Application
Aelocalizedegroupeofeorganismsethatebelongetoetheesameespecieseisecalledea
biosystem.
community.
population.
ecosystem.
family.
Answer:eC
Topic:eConcepte1.1
Skill:eKnowledge/Application
1
Chaptere1 Introduction:eThemeseinetheeStudyeofeLife 1
Chaptere2 TheeChemicaleContexteofeLife 17
Chaptere3 WatereandetheeFitnesseofetheeEnvironment 41
Chaptere4 CarboneandetheeMoleculareDiversityeofeLife 61
Chaptere5 TheeStructureeandeFunctioneofeLargeeBiologicaleMolecules 82
Chaptere6 AeToureofetheeCell 110
Chaptere7 MembraneeStructureeandeFunction 129
Chaptere8 AneIntroductionetoeMetabolism 150
Chaptere9 CellulareRespiration:eHarvestingeChemicaleEnergy 172
Chaptere10 Photosynthesis 200
Chaptere11 CelleCommunication 220
Chaptere12 TheeCelleCycle 236
Chaptere13 MeiosiseandeSexualeLifeeCycles 257
Chaptere14 MendeleandetheeGeneeIdea 277
Chaptere15 TheeChromosomaleBasiseofeInheritance 301
Chaptere16 TheeMoleculareBasiseofeInheritance 321
Chaptere17 FromeGeneetoeProtein 340
Chaptere18 RegulationeofeGeneeExpression 364
Chaptere19 Viruses 389
Chaptere20 Biotechnology 400
Chaptere21 GenomeseandeTheireEvolution 420
Chaptere22 DescentewitheModification:eAeDarwinianeVieweofeLife 430
Chaptere23 TheeEvolutioneofePopulations 447
Chaptere24 TheeOrigineofeSpecies 472
Chaptere25 TheeHistoryeofeLifeeoneEarth 491
Chaptere26 PhylogenyeandetheeTreeeofeLife 519
Chaptere27 BacteriaeandeArchaea 546
Chaptere28 Protists 571
Chaptere29 PlanteDiversityeI:eHowePlantseColonizedeLand 595
Chaptere30 PlanteDiversityeII:eTheeEvolutioneofeSeedePlants 615
,Chaptere31 Fungi 642
Chaptere32 AneIntroductionetoeAnimaleDiversity 665
Chaptere33 Invertebrates 689
Chaptere34 Vertebrates 717
Chaptere35 PlanteStructure,eGrowth,eandeDevelopment 744
Chaptere36 ResourceeAcquisitioneandeTransporteineVascularePlants 764
Chaptere37 SoileandePlanteNutrition 784
Chaptere38 AngiospermeReproductioneandeBiotechnology 805
Chaptere39 PlanteResponsesetoeInternaleandeExternaleSignals 825
Chaptere40 BasicePrincipleseofeAnimaleFormeandeFunction 851
Chaptere41 AnimaleNutrition 869
Chaptere42 CirculationeandeGaseExchange 886
Chaptere43 TheeImmuneeSystem 905
Chaptere44 OsmoregulationeandeExcretion 927
Chaptere45 HormoneseandetheeEndocrineeSystem 939
Chaptere46 AnimaleReproduction 956
Chaptere47 AnimaleDevelopment 976
Chaptere48 Neurons,eSynapses,eandeSignaling 993
Chaptere49 NervouseSystems 1007
Chaptere50 SensoryeandeMotoreMechanisms 1019
Chaptere51 AnimaleBehavior 1035
Chaptere52 AneIntroductionetoeEcologyeandetheeBiosphere 1054
Chaptere53 PopulationeEcology 1074
Chaptere54 CommunityeEcology 1102
Chaptere55 Ecosystems 1121
Chaptere56 ConservationeBiologyeandeRestorationeEcology 1144
, Chapter 1 Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life
e ee e e e e e e
TheeintroductionetoetheestudyeofebiologyeineChaptere1ehighlightsesevenebooke-
wideethemes,ewithespecialeemphasiseonetheecoreethemeeofeevolution.eHowescientistseuseeinductiveereasoni
ngetoedrawegeneraleconclusionseandedeductiveereasoningetoetestehypotheseseiseemphasized.eQuestionseinet
hisechaptereareedesignedetoehelpeassesseaestudent’seunderstandingeofetheecontenteofeChaptere1ebasedeoneth
eethreeekeyeconcepts.
Multiple-ChoiceeQuestions
Whicheofetheefollowingepropertieseoreprocessesedoeweeassociateewithelivingethings?
evolutionaryeadaptations
energyeprocessing
respondingetoetheeenvironment
growtheandereproduction
alleofetheeabove
Answer:eE
Topic:eOverview
Skill:eKnowledge/Application
Whicheofetheefollowingeisenoteaethemeethateunifiesebiology?
interactionewithetheeenvironment
emergenteproperties
evolution
reductionism
structureeandefunction
Answer:eD
Topic:eConcepte1.1
Skill:eKnowledge/Application
Whicheofetheefollowingesequenceserepresentsetheehierarchyeofebiologicaleorganizationefromet
heeleastetoetheemostecomplexelevel?
organelle,etissue,ebiosphere,eecosystem,epopulation,eorganism
cell,ecommunity,epopulation,eorganesystem,emolecule,eorganelle
organism,ecommunity,ebiosphere,emolecule,etissue,eorgan
ecosystem,ecell,epopulation,etissue,eorganism,eorganesystem
molecule,ecell,eorganesystem,epopulation,eecosystem,ebiosphere
Answer:eE
Topic:eConcepte1.1
Skill:eKnowledge/Application
Aelocalizedegroupeofeorganismsethatebelongetoetheesameespecieseisecalledea
biosystem.
community.
population.
ecosystem.
family.
Answer:eC
Topic:eConcepte1.1
Skill:eKnowledge/Application
1
