NURS 241 Final Exam
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1. 25 Studies have shown that that people with a severe mental illness like schizophrenia
have, on average, a life span that is ____ (#) years shorter than the general
population.
2. suicide About 20 to 40 percent of people with schizophrenia attempt ____, and current
evidence suggests that about 5% die this way.
3. psychosis A severe mental condition in which there is disorganization of the personality,
deterioration in social functioning, and loss of contact with or distortion of reality
is known as _____. Hallucinations and delusions may be present.
4. schizophrenia Perhaps no psychological disorder is more crippling than ____.
5. premorbid The 4 phases of schizophrenia include the _____, prodromal, active psychotic and
residual phases. The first phase signs are those that occur before clear evidence
of disease, like distinctive shy or withdrawn personality traits or behaviors.
6. prodromal The 4 phases of schizophrenia include the premorbid, _____, active psychotic and
residual phases. The second phase signs are more clearly manifest with significant
deterioration in function. This phase may be weeks or months but typical is about
2-5 years.
7. active psychotic The 4 phases of schizophrenia include the premorbid, prodromal, _____ (two
words) and residual phases. During the third phase, acute episodes occur in
which symptoms are more pronounced than previous phases.
8. residual The 4 phases of schizophrenia include the premorbid, prodromal, active psychotic
and _____ phases. The fourth phase is characterized by periods of remission and
exacerbation.
9. speech DSM-V Schizophrenia criteria.
A. Two (2) or more of the following, each present for a significant portion of time
over the period of one (1) month.
, NURS 241 Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_95a8q5
1. Delusions
2. Hallucinations
3. Disorganized _____
4. Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
5. Negative symptoms
At least one of these must be 1, 2, or 3.
10. functioning DSM-V Schizophrenia criteria.
B. For a significant portion of the time since the onset of the disturbance, level of
____ in one or more major areas of work, interpersonal relations or self care is
markedly below the level achieved prior to onset.
11. 6 DSM-V Schizophrenia criteria.
C. Continuous signs of disturbance persist for at least ____(#) months...
12. medical condi- DSM-V Schizophrenia criteria.
tion E. The disturbance is NOT attributable to the physiological effects of a substance
or another ____ (two words).
13. uncertain The cause of schizophrenia is still ____.
14. amphetamines ____, like Adderall, are drugs which increase the levels of dopamine and induce
symptoms that mimic those of psychosis.
15. antipsychotics Chlorpromazine and haloperidol, are first-generation ____ which lower the levels
of dopamine in the brain by blocking dopamine receptors, thus reducing psy-
chotic symptoms.
16. venlafaxine (Ef- Having minor side effects (e.g. nausea, agitation, HA, and sexual dysfunction),
fexor XR) SSRIs like sertraline (Zoloft) and fluoxetine (Prozac) and SNRIs like ___ (generic
name) are now the preferred first-line treatment for major depressive and dys-
thymic disorders.
17. appetite
, NURS 241 Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_95a8q5
Buproprion (Wellbutrin) is a unique antidepressant similar in structure to am-
phetamine. Like amphetamine, bupropion has stimulant actions and suppresses
____. Also used for smoking cessation and ADHD.
18. sexual dysfunc- One reason, patients may prefer taking buproprion (Wellbutrin) over other SS-
tion RIs/SNRIs is that buproprion does not cause weight gain or ____ (two words).
19. suicidal Depressed, ____ patients (especially children and young adults) who are taking
SSRIs or SNRIs must be observed closely and assessed frequently. The patient's
energy level will increase, and the drug's effects on negative feelings lags behind
potentially increasing risk. Address with CBT + pharmacological approaches.
20. serotonin syn- Because of the risk of ____ (2 words), SSRIs like sertraline (Zoloft) or fluoxetine
drome (Prozac) must not be combined with MAOIs (monoamine oxidase inhibitors).
MAOIs should be withdrawn at least 2 weeks before starting SSRIs.
21. agranulocytosis Clozapine (Clozaril) is a second-generation antipsychotic that is not commonly
used due to the risk of ____, reduced WBC production by the bone marrow.
22. akathisia Inner restlessness and agitation (inability to sit still) describes an extrapyramidal
symptom (EPS) known as ____. It's a common EPS among women when taking
older, first-generation antipsychotics and SSRIs.
23. increase Patients with depression often think about or attempt suicide. During treatment
with antidepressants, especially early on, the risk of suicide is likely to [decrease
/ increase].
24. skipping The nurse should warn patients who are taking venlafaxine (Effexor XR) about the
dangers of ___ a dose because this can lead to an intense withdrawal syndrome or
"hangover." The symptoms such as anxiety, agitation, tremors, HA, and tachycardia
can be avoided by tapering the dosage over 2-4 weeks.
25. positive
, NURS 241 Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_95a8q5
Delusions and hallucinations are examples of [ negative / positive ] symp-
toms of schizophrenia. Patients with these symptoms respond more favorably to
dopamine-reducing drugs like haloperidol and chlorpromazine.
26. negative Apathy, poverty of ideas, and loss of drive are examples of [ negative / positive ]
symptoms of schizophrenia.
27. dopamine Positive symptoms of schizophrenia may be related to increased numbers of ____
receptors in the brain, because these symptoms are ameliorated by antipsychotic
drugs that block these receptors.
28. serotonin Excess of ____ has been hypothesized to be responsible for BOTH positive and
negative symptoms of schizophrenia, and the effectiveness of medications such
as olanzapine and clozapine, atypical second-generation antipsychotics, lends
support to this hypothesis.
29. weight gain Undesirable side effects of atypical antipsychotics like olanzapine and clozapine
can deter patients from adhering to the medication regimen. Probably the most
undesirable include sexual dysfunction and ___ (two words).
30. Clozapine Blood work every two weeks is particularly important for patients who are pre-
(Clozaril) scribed ___ because of the risk of agranulocytosis, i.e. the bone marrow begins
to not produce enough WBCs.
31. ventricular en- ____ (two words) is a structural brain abnormality that has been observed in
largement individuals with schizophrenia. Reduced symmetry in several lobes and reduced
brain volume are other structural abnormalities.
32. catatonia Significant motor disturbance that may range from stupor (no motor activity) to
excessive motor activity and agitation refers to ____.
33. schizophreni- The essential features of ____ disorder are identical to those of schizophrenia
form with the exception that the duration, including the prodromal, active, and residual
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_95a8q5
1. 25 Studies have shown that that people with a severe mental illness like schizophrenia
have, on average, a life span that is ____ (#) years shorter than the general
population.
2. suicide About 20 to 40 percent of people with schizophrenia attempt ____, and current
evidence suggests that about 5% die this way.
3. psychosis A severe mental condition in which there is disorganization of the personality,
deterioration in social functioning, and loss of contact with or distortion of reality
is known as _____. Hallucinations and delusions may be present.
4. schizophrenia Perhaps no psychological disorder is more crippling than ____.
5. premorbid The 4 phases of schizophrenia include the _____, prodromal, active psychotic and
residual phases. The first phase signs are those that occur before clear evidence
of disease, like distinctive shy or withdrawn personality traits or behaviors.
6. prodromal The 4 phases of schizophrenia include the premorbid, _____, active psychotic and
residual phases. The second phase signs are more clearly manifest with significant
deterioration in function. This phase may be weeks or months but typical is about
2-5 years.
7. active psychotic The 4 phases of schizophrenia include the premorbid, prodromal, _____ (two
words) and residual phases. During the third phase, acute episodes occur in
which symptoms are more pronounced than previous phases.
8. residual The 4 phases of schizophrenia include the premorbid, prodromal, active psychotic
and _____ phases. The fourth phase is characterized by periods of remission and
exacerbation.
9. speech DSM-V Schizophrenia criteria.
A. Two (2) or more of the following, each present for a significant portion of time
over the period of one (1) month.
, NURS 241 Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_95a8q5
1. Delusions
2. Hallucinations
3. Disorganized _____
4. Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
5. Negative symptoms
At least one of these must be 1, 2, or 3.
10. functioning DSM-V Schizophrenia criteria.
B. For a significant portion of the time since the onset of the disturbance, level of
____ in one or more major areas of work, interpersonal relations or self care is
markedly below the level achieved prior to onset.
11. 6 DSM-V Schizophrenia criteria.
C. Continuous signs of disturbance persist for at least ____(#) months...
12. medical condi- DSM-V Schizophrenia criteria.
tion E. The disturbance is NOT attributable to the physiological effects of a substance
or another ____ (two words).
13. uncertain The cause of schizophrenia is still ____.
14. amphetamines ____, like Adderall, are drugs which increase the levels of dopamine and induce
symptoms that mimic those of psychosis.
15. antipsychotics Chlorpromazine and haloperidol, are first-generation ____ which lower the levels
of dopamine in the brain by blocking dopamine receptors, thus reducing psy-
chotic symptoms.
16. venlafaxine (Ef- Having minor side effects (e.g. nausea, agitation, HA, and sexual dysfunction),
fexor XR) SSRIs like sertraline (Zoloft) and fluoxetine (Prozac) and SNRIs like ___ (generic
name) are now the preferred first-line treatment for major depressive and dys-
thymic disorders.
17. appetite
, NURS 241 Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_95a8q5
Buproprion (Wellbutrin) is a unique antidepressant similar in structure to am-
phetamine. Like amphetamine, bupropion has stimulant actions and suppresses
____. Also used for smoking cessation and ADHD.
18. sexual dysfunc- One reason, patients may prefer taking buproprion (Wellbutrin) over other SS-
tion RIs/SNRIs is that buproprion does not cause weight gain or ____ (two words).
19. suicidal Depressed, ____ patients (especially children and young adults) who are taking
SSRIs or SNRIs must be observed closely and assessed frequently. The patient's
energy level will increase, and the drug's effects on negative feelings lags behind
potentially increasing risk. Address with CBT + pharmacological approaches.
20. serotonin syn- Because of the risk of ____ (2 words), SSRIs like sertraline (Zoloft) or fluoxetine
drome (Prozac) must not be combined with MAOIs (monoamine oxidase inhibitors).
MAOIs should be withdrawn at least 2 weeks before starting SSRIs.
21. agranulocytosis Clozapine (Clozaril) is a second-generation antipsychotic that is not commonly
used due to the risk of ____, reduced WBC production by the bone marrow.
22. akathisia Inner restlessness and agitation (inability to sit still) describes an extrapyramidal
symptom (EPS) known as ____. It's a common EPS among women when taking
older, first-generation antipsychotics and SSRIs.
23. increase Patients with depression often think about or attempt suicide. During treatment
with antidepressants, especially early on, the risk of suicide is likely to [decrease
/ increase].
24. skipping The nurse should warn patients who are taking venlafaxine (Effexor XR) about the
dangers of ___ a dose because this can lead to an intense withdrawal syndrome or
"hangover." The symptoms such as anxiety, agitation, tremors, HA, and tachycardia
can be avoided by tapering the dosage over 2-4 weeks.
25. positive
, NURS 241 Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_95a8q5
Delusions and hallucinations are examples of [ negative / positive ] symp-
toms of schizophrenia. Patients with these symptoms respond more favorably to
dopamine-reducing drugs like haloperidol and chlorpromazine.
26. negative Apathy, poverty of ideas, and loss of drive are examples of [ negative / positive ]
symptoms of schizophrenia.
27. dopamine Positive symptoms of schizophrenia may be related to increased numbers of ____
receptors in the brain, because these symptoms are ameliorated by antipsychotic
drugs that block these receptors.
28. serotonin Excess of ____ has been hypothesized to be responsible for BOTH positive and
negative symptoms of schizophrenia, and the effectiveness of medications such
as olanzapine and clozapine, atypical second-generation antipsychotics, lends
support to this hypothesis.
29. weight gain Undesirable side effects of atypical antipsychotics like olanzapine and clozapine
can deter patients from adhering to the medication regimen. Probably the most
undesirable include sexual dysfunction and ___ (two words).
30. Clozapine Blood work every two weeks is particularly important for patients who are pre-
(Clozaril) scribed ___ because of the risk of agranulocytosis, i.e. the bone marrow begins
to not produce enough WBCs.
31. ventricular en- ____ (two words) is a structural brain abnormality that has been observed in
largement individuals with schizophrenia. Reduced symmetry in several lobes and reduced
brain volume are other structural abnormalities.
32. catatonia Significant motor disturbance that may range from stupor (no motor activity) to
excessive motor activity and agitation refers to ____.
33. schizophreni- The essential features of ____ disorder are identical to those of schizophrenia
form with the exception that the duration, including the prodromal, active, and residual
