31040 ECULES
to
Carbohydrates >
-
They give energy system .
Old Definition' -
Hydrates of Carbon
General formu ((120) y
Glucose Fructose Sucrose Maltose
CHi20s Coliz0j P2H220 , C2HezO
Carbon doesn't have
>
-
Old
definition of Carbohydrates facted because
tendency to form hydrates OH
* Cas--on -In cas-Cr-coor
Acetic Acid Lactic acid
Formaldehyde
not
They all follow formula of Carbohydrates ,
but
they are
Carbohydrates
.
Note : -
Rhamnose (C4 205),
+ 10 (42035 · He
It is is not
carbohydrates but
general formula applicable .
New
Definition : -
Optically Active
polyhydroxy aldehyde on Ketone
or compound which produce such units on
hydrolysis.
Carbohydrates are called Saccharides .
Molecule to be Carbohydrate :-
CRzOH
1) Ketone I
or
Aldehyde group C= 0 X
2) Minimum 2 -
on
group .
inson
3) One Chiral Carbon . No chiral (
,# Classification of Carbohydrates
1) On the basis
of sugar unit present-
a) Monosaccharides. : only sugar unit
-
Carbohydrate which contain I .
>
-
They can't be
hydrolysed further
Eg- Glucose , Fructose .
b) Disaccharides : -
Carbohydrates on
hydrolysis give 2 unit.
sugar
Eg -
> Sucrose , Maltose Lactose .
,
)
Oligosaccharides. -
Carbohydrates on
hydrolysis give 2-10 unit
of Monosacchrides .
Eg-Raffinose > Glucose + Fructose + Galactise
d) Polysaccharides. Carbohydrates hydrolysis give
-
on more than
10 units of Monosaccharides.
Eg Starch Cellulose
+
,
taste and called
Note : 1) Mono and
Oligosacchrides sweet in
sugar . They are
-
are
soluble in water and are
crystalline sugar
2) Polysaccharides tasteless and called .
are
non-sugar
They insoluble in water and are
amorphous
sugar
are .
ii) on the basis of functional group .
Glucose , Galactose
a) Aldoses : - Monosaccharide Containing aldehyde group
.
Egt .
Fructose
Eg
-
Keto
group
.
containing
.
b) Ketoses : -
Monosaccharide
iii) On the basis of no
of carbon units present
3 Carbon > Triose
4 Carbon
- Tetrose
5 Carbon >
- Pentose
J Carbon > Hexose
, Ketone
No . of C-atom General Name Aldehyde
3 Triose Aldotriose Ketotriose
U Tetrose Aldotetrose Ketotetrose
5 Pentose Aldopentose Ketopentose
6 Hexose Aldohexose Ketohexose
i
C -
H -
H on H On
Aldotriose
Aldopentose
op H
201 4 on
CHOR
i
C M
Chon
-
I
c 0
H on
=
40 40 H
H
H ou
H OU
H Or
4 OU
Cron
CrzON
Ketohexose
Aldohexose
(Fructose)
(Glucose)
Monosacchrides :
# Configuration of
:
# D and L Configuration
-
ic -n position
D = on
group Right
-
L On
group Left position
-Right
-
=
W
MD
Chron
unit)
D-Glyceraldehyde (Reference
to
Carbohydrates >
-
They give energy system .
Old Definition' -
Hydrates of Carbon
General formu ((120) y
Glucose Fructose Sucrose Maltose
CHi20s Coliz0j P2H220 , C2HezO
Carbon doesn't have
>
-
Old
definition of Carbohydrates facted because
tendency to form hydrates OH
* Cas--on -In cas-Cr-coor
Acetic Acid Lactic acid
Formaldehyde
not
They all follow formula of Carbohydrates ,
but
they are
Carbohydrates
.
Note : -
Rhamnose (C4 205),
+ 10 (42035 · He
It is is not
carbohydrates but
general formula applicable .
New
Definition : -
Optically Active
polyhydroxy aldehyde on Ketone
or compound which produce such units on
hydrolysis.
Carbohydrates are called Saccharides .
Molecule to be Carbohydrate :-
CRzOH
1) Ketone I
or
Aldehyde group C= 0 X
2) Minimum 2 -
on
group .
inson
3) One Chiral Carbon . No chiral (
,# Classification of Carbohydrates
1) On the basis
of sugar unit present-
a) Monosaccharides. : only sugar unit
-
Carbohydrate which contain I .
>
-
They can't be
hydrolysed further
Eg- Glucose , Fructose .
b) Disaccharides : -
Carbohydrates on
hydrolysis give 2 unit.
sugar
Eg -
> Sucrose , Maltose Lactose .
,
)
Oligosaccharides. -
Carbohydrates on
hydrolysis give 2-10 unit
of Monosacchrides .
Eg-Raffinose > Glucose + Fructose + Galactise
d) Polysaccharides. Carbohydrates hydrolysis give
-
on more than
10 units of Monosaccharides.
Eg Starch Cellulose
+
,
taste and called
Note : 1) Mono and
Oligosacchrides sweet in
sugar . They are
-
are
soluble in water and are
crystalline sugar
2) Polysaccharides tasteless and called .
are
non-sugar
They insoluble in water and are
amorphous
sugar
are .
ii) on the basis of functional group .
Glucose , Galactose
a) Aldoses : - Monosaccharide Containing aldehyde group
.
Egt .
Fructose
Eg
-
Keto
group
.
containing
.
b) Ketoses : -
Monosaccharide
iii) On the basis of no
of carbon units present
3 Carbon > Triose
4 Carbon
- Tetrose
5 Carbon >
- Pentose
J Carbon > Hexose
, Ketone
No . of C-atom General Name Aldehyde
3 Triose Aldotriose Ketotriose
U Tetrose Aldotetrose Ketotetrose
5 Pentose Aldopentose Ketopentose
6 Hexose Aldohexose Ketohexose
i
C -
H -
H on H On
Aldotriose
Aldopentose
op H
201 4 on
CHOR
i
C M
Chon
-
I
c 0
H on
=
40 40 H
H
H ou
H OU
H Or
4 OU
Cron
CrzON
Ketohexose
Aldohexose
(Fructose)
(Glucose)
Monosacchrides :
# Configuration of
:
# D and L Configuration
-
ic -n position
D = on
group Right
-
L On
group Left position
-Right
-
=
W
MD
Chron
unit)
D-Glyceraldehyde (Reference
