2023-2024 HESI Pharmacology V1
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. 42.) A patron with a peptic ulcer is identified with a Helicobacter pylori contamination.
The nurse is reinforcing coaching for the patron about the medicinal drugs prescribed,
including clarithromycin (Biaxin), esomeprazole (Nexium), and amoxicillin (Amoxil).
Which statement by means of the consumer suggests the high-quality information of the
drugs regimen?
1. "My ulcer will heal because those medicines will kill the bacteria."
2. "These medications are best taken once I have pain from my ulcer."
3. "The medicinal drugs will kill the micro organism and prevent the acid production."
4. "These medicinal drugs will coat the ulcer and decrease the acid production in my
belly." - ANS -three. "The medicines will kill the micro organism and stop the acid
manufacturing."
Rationale:
Triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori contamination typically consists of antibacterial
capsules and a proton pump inhibitor. Clarithromycin and amoxicillin are antibacterials.
Esomeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor. These medications will kill the micro organism
and decrease acid production.
2. 57.) A nurse is monitoring a purchaser who is taking propranolol (Inderal LA). Which
information collection finding would imply a ability extreme worry related to propranolol?
1. The improvement of complaints of insomnia
2. The development of audible expiratory wheezes
three. A baseline blood strain of 150/80 mm Hg accompanied through a blood pressure
of 138/72 mm Hg after two doses of the medicine
4. A baseline resting coronary heart fee of 88 beats/min accompanied by using a resting
coronary heart price of 72 beats/min after doses of the drugs - ANS -2. The
development of audible expiratory wheezes
Rationale:
Audible expiratory wheezes may additionally imply a serious unfavorable reaction,
bronchospasm. β- Blockers might also set off this response, mainly in customers with
persistent obstructive pulmonary sickness or asthma. Normal decreases in blood
pressure and heart rate are expected. Insomnia is a common mild facet impact and
ought to be monitored.
3. A customer has a prescription to take guaifenesin (Humibid) every 4 hours, as wanted.
The nurse determines that the patron is familiar with the most effective use of this
medicinal drug if the purchaser states that he or she can:
1. Watch for irritability as a aspect impact.
2. Take the tablet with a full glass of water.
, 3. Take an additional dose if the cough is followed by using fever.
4. Crush the sustained-launch tablet if immediately remedy is needed. - ANS -2. Take
the pill with a full glass of water.
Rationale:
Guaifenesin is an expectorant. It should be excited by a full glass of water to lower
viscosity of secretions. Sustained-release arrangements ought to now not be damaged
open, crushed, or chewed. The medicinal drug may additionally sometimes reason
dizziness, headache, or drowsiness as aspect consequences. The client ought to touch
the fitness care issuer if the cough lasts longer than 1 week or is accompanied by means
of fever, rash, sore throat, or persistent headache.
4. A client has been started out on long-time period therapy with rifampin (Rifadin). A nurse
teaches the consumer that the medicine:
1. Should always be taken with food or antacids
2. Should be double-dosed if one dose is forgotten
three. Causes orange discoloration of sweat, tears, urine, and feces
four. May be discontinued independently if signs are gone in 3 months - ANS -three.
Causes orange discoloration of sweat, tears, urine, and feces
Rationale:
Rifampin must be taken exactly as directed as part of TB remedy. Doses should no
longer be doubled or skipped. The consumer should no longer stop remedy until directed
to accomplish that with the aid of a fitness care issuer. The remedy ought to be
administered on an empty stomach until it reasons gastrointestinal disappointed, after
which it is able to be concerned with food. Antacids, if prescribed, should be taken as a
minimum 1 hour before the medicine. Rifampin reasons orange-pink discoloration of
body secretions and could permanently stain smooth touch lenses.
5. A purchaser has been taking isoniazid (INH) for two months. The customer complains to
a nurse about numbness, paresthesias, and tingling within the extremities. The nurse
translates that the client is experiencing:
1. Hypercalcemia
2. Peripheral neuritis
3. Small blood vessel spasm
four. Impaired peripheral movement - ANS -2. Peripheral neuritis
Rationale:A common aspect effect of the TB drug INH is peripheral neuritis. This is
manifested by way of numbness, tingling, and paresthesia within the extremities. This
aspect impact can be minimized with the aid of pyridoxine (vitamin B6) consumption.
Options 1, three, and 4 are wrong.
6. A consumer is identified with an acute myocardial infarction and is receiving tissue
plasminogen activator, alteplase (Activase, tPA). Which movement is a concern nursing
intervention?
1. Monitor for renal failure.
2. Monitor psychosocial reputation.
, 3. Monitor for symptoms of bleeding.
Four. Have heparin sodium to be had. - ANS -three. Monitor for signs of bleeding.
Rationale:
Tissue plasminogen activator is a thrombolytic. Hemorrhage is a difficulty of any kind of
thrombolytic remedy. The customer is monitored for bleeding. Monitoring for renal failure
and tracking the purchaser's psychosocial popularity are essential however aren't the
maximum vital interventions. Heparin is given after thrombolytic remedy, but the question
is not asking about follow-up medicinal drugs.
7. A patron is on nicotinic acid (niacin) for hyperlipidemia and the nurse offers instructions
to the patron approximately the drugs. Which assertion by using the client could suggest
an information of the commands?
1. "It isn't always important to keep away from using alcohol."
2. "The medication need to be fascinated with meals to decrease flushing."
3. "Clay-colored stools are a common aspect effect and need to no longer be of
challenge."
four. "Ibuprofen (Motrin) taken half-hour before the nicotinic acid ought to decrease the
flushing." - ANS -four. "Ibuprofen (Motrin) taken 30 minutes earlier than the nicotinic acid
ought to lower the flushing."
Rationale:
Flushing is a aspect effect of this medicine. Aspirin or a nonsteroidal anti inflammatory
drug can be taken half-hour before taking the medicine to decrease flushing. Alcohol
intake wishes to be prevented because it will decorate this side impact. The medicine
must be eager about food, this may lower gastrointestinal dissatisfied. Taking the
medicine with meals has no impact at the flushing. Clay-coloured stools are a sign of
hepatic dysfunction and need to be immediately suggested to the health care company
(HCP).
8. A purchaser is receiving acetylcysteine (Mucomyst), 20% answer diluted in 0.9%
everyday saline by using nebulizer. The nurse should have which object to be had for
viable use after giving this medication?
1. Ambu bag
2. Intubation tray
3. Nasogastric tube
4. Suction device - ANS -four. Suction gadget
Rationale:
Acetylcysteine can be given orally or by way of nasogastric tube to deal with
acetaminophen overdose, or it is able to take delivery of by using inhalation for use as a
mucolytic. The nurse administering this medicine as a mucolytic must have suction
equipment available in case the client can not manage to clear the increased extent of
liquefied secretions.
9. A client is receiving meperidine hydrochloride (Demerol) for ache. Which of the following
are side outcomes of this remedy. Select all that apply.
, 1. Diarrhea
2. Tremors
3. Drowsiness
4. Hypotension
five. Urinary frequency
10.6. Increased respiratory charge - ANS -2. Tremors
11.3. Drowsiness
12.4. Hypotension
13.
14.Rationale:Meperidine hydrochloride is an opioid analgesic. Side outcomes include
respiratory despair, drowsiness, hypotension, constipation, urinary retention, nausea,
vomiting, and tremors.
15.A consumer is taking Humulin NPH insulin every day each morning. The nurse
reinforces commands for the consumer and tells the patron that the most in all likelihood
time for a hypoglycemic reaction to occur is:
16.1. 2 to four hours after management
17.2. 4 to 12 hours after administration
18.3. Sixteen to 18 hours after administration
19.four. 18 to 24 hours after administration - ANS -2. 4 to 12 hours after management
20.
21.Rationale:
22.Humulin NPH is an intermediate-acting insulin. The onset of movement is 1.Five hours, it
peaks in 4 to 12 hours, and its length of motion is 24 hours. Hypoglycemic reactions
maximum probably arise at some stage in height time.
23.A consumer is taking phenytoin (Dilantin) for seizure manipulate and a pattern for a
serum drug stage is drawn. Which of the following indicates a healing serum drug
variety?
24.1.) five to 10 mcg/mL
25.2. 10 to twenty mcg/mL
26.3. 20 to 30 mcg/mL
27.four. 30 to 40 mcg/mL - ANS -2. 10 to 20 mcg/mL
28.
29.Rationale:
30.The therapeutic serum drug stage variety for phenytoin (Dilantin) is 10 to twenty
mcg/mL.* A useful hint may be to remember that the theophylline healing variety and the
acetaminophen (Tylenol) therapeutic range are similar to the phenytoin (Dilantin)
therapeutic variety.*
31.A purchaser is to begin a 6-month path of remedy with isoniazid (INH). A nurse plans to
teach the client to:
32.1. Drink alcohol in small quantities most effective.
33.2. Report yellow eyes or pores and skin right away.
34.Three. Increase intake of Swiss or aged cheeses. 4. Avoid diet dietary supplements
throughout remedy. - ANS -2. Report yellow eyes or skin without delay.
35.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. 42.) A patron with a peptic ulcer is identified with a Helicobacter pylori contamination.
The nurse is reinforcing coaching for the patron about the medicinal drugs prescribed,
including clarithromycin (Biaxin), esomeprazole (Nexium), and amoxicillin (Amoxil).
Which statement by means of the consumer suggests the high-quality information of the
drugs regimen?
1. "My ulcer will heal because those medicines will kill the bacteria."
2. "These medications are best taken once I have pain from my ulcer."
3. "The medicinal drugs will kill the micro organism and prevent the acid production."
4. "These medicinal drugs will coat the ulcer and decrease the acid production in my
belly." - ANS -three. "The medicines will kill the micro organism and stop the acid
manufacturing."
Rationale:
Triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori contamination typically consists of antibacterial
capsules and a proton pump inhibitor. Clarithromycin and amoxicillin are antibacterials.
Esomeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor. These medications will kill the micro organism
and decrease acid production.
2. 57.) A nurse is monitoring a purchaser who is taking propranolol (Inderal LA). Which
information collection finding would imply a ability extreme worry related to propranolol?
1. The improvement of complaints of insomnia
2. The development of audible expiratory wheezes
three. A baseline blood strain of 150/80 mm Hg accompanied through a blood pressure
of 138/72 mm Hg after two doses of the medicine
4. A baseline resting coronary heart fee of 88 beats/min accompanied by using a resting
coronary heart price of 72 beats/min after doses of the drugs - ANS -2. The
development of audible expiratory wheezes
Rationale:
Audible expiratory wheezes may additionally imply a serious unfavorable reaction,
bronchospasm. β- Blockers might also set off this response, mainly in customers with
persistent obstructive pulmonary sickness or asthma. Normal decreases in blood
pressure and heart rate are expected. Insomnia is a common mild facet impact and
ought to be monitored.
3. A customer has a prescription to take guaifenesin (Humibid) every 4 hours, as wanted.
The nurse determines that the patron is familiar with the most effective use of this
medicinal drug if the purchaser states that he or she can:
1. Watch for irritability as a aspect impact.
2. Take the tablet with a full glass of water.
, 3. Take an additional dose if the cough is followed by using fever.
4. Crush the sustained-launch tablet if immediately remedy is needed. - ANS -2. Take
the pill with a full glass of water.
Rationale:
Guaifenesin is an expectorant. It should be excited by a full glass of water to lower
viscosity of secretions. Sustained-release arrangements ought to now not be damaged
open, crushed, or chewed. The medicinal drug may additionally sometimes reason
dizziness, headache, or drowsiness as aspect consequences. The client ought to touch
the fitness care issuer if the cough lasts longer than 1 week or is accompanied by means
of fever, rash, sore throat, or persistent headache.
4. A client has been started out on long-time period therapy with rifampin (Rifadin). A nurse
teaches the consumer that the medicine:
1. Should always be taken with food or antacids
2. Should be double-dosed if one dose is forgotten
three. Causes orange discoloration of sweat, tears, urine, and feces
four. May be discontinued independently if signs are gone in 3 months - ANS -three.
Causes orange discoloration of sweat, tears, urine, and feces
Rationale:
Rifampin must be taken exactly as directed as part of TB remedy. Doses should no
longer be doubled or skipped. The consumer should no longer stop remedy until directed
to accomplish that with the aid of a fitness care issuer. The remedy ought to be
administered on an empty stomach until it reasons gastrointestinal disappointed, after
which it is able to be concerned with food. Antacids, if prescribed, should be taken as a
minimum 1 hour before the medicine. Rifampin reasons orange-pink discoloration of
body secretions and could permanently stain smooth touch lenses.
5. A purchaser has been taking isoniazid (INH) for two months. The customer complains to
a nurse about numbness, paresthesias, and tingling within the extremities. The nurse
translates that the client is experiencing:
1. Hypercalcemia
2. Peripheral neuritis
3. Small blood vessel spasm
four. Impaired peripheral movement - ANS -2. Peripheral neuritis
Rationale:A common aspect effect of the TB drug INH is peripheral neuritis. This is
manifested by way of numbness, tingling, and paresthesia within the extremities. This
aspect impact can be minimized with the aid of pyridoxine (vitamin B6) consumption.
Options 1, three, and 4 are wrong.
6. A consumer is identified with an acute myocardial infarction and is receiving tissue
plasminogen activator, alteplase (Activase, tPA). Which movement is a concern nursing
intervention?
1. Monitor for renal failure.
2. Monitor psychosocial reputation.
, 3. Monitor for symptoms of bleeding.
Four. Have heparin sodium to be had. - ANS -three. Monitor for signs of bleeding.
Rationale:
Tissue plasminogen activator is a thrombolytic. Hemorrhage is a difficulty of any kind of
thrombolytic remedy. The customer is monitored for bleeding. Monitoring for renal failure
and tracking the purchaser's psychosocial popularity are essential however aren't the
maximum vital interventions. Heparin is given after thrombolytic remedy, but the question
is not asking about follow-up medicinal drugs.
7. A patron is on nicotinic acid (niacin) for hyperlipidemia and the nurse offers instructions
to the patron approximately the drugs. Which assertion by using the client could suggest
an information of the commands?
1. "It isn't always important to keep away from using alcohol."
2. "The medication need to be fascinated with meals to decrease flushing."
3. "Clay-colored stools are a common aspect effect and need to no longer be of
challenge."
four. "Ibuprofen (Motrin) taken half-hour before the nicotinic acid ought to decrease the
flushing." - ANS -four. "Ibuprofen (Motrin) taken 30 minutes earlier than the nicotinic acid
ought to lower the flushing."
Rationale:
Flushing is a aspect effect of this medicine. Aspirin or a nonsteroidal anti inflammatory
drug can be taken half-hour before taking the medicine to decrease flushing. Alcohol
intake wishes to be prevented because it will decorate this side impact. The medicine
must be eager about food, this may lower gastrointestinal dissatisfied. Taking the
medicine with meals has no impact at the flushing. Clay-coloured stools are a sign of
hepatic dysfunction and need to be immediately suggested to the health care company
(HCP).
8. A purchaser is receiving acetylcysteine (Mucomyst), 20% answer diluted in 0.9%
everyday saline by using nebulizer. The nurse should have which object to be had for
viable use after giving this medication?
1. Ambu bag
2. Intubation tray
3. Nasogastric tube
4. Suction device - ANS -four. Suction gadget
Rationale:
Acetylcysteine can be given orally or by way of nasogastric tube to deal with
acetaminophen overdose, or it is able to take delivery of by using inhalation for use as a
mucolytic. The nurse administering this medicine as a mucolytic must have suction
equipment available in case the client can not manage to clear the increased extent of
liquefied secretions.
9. A client is receiving meperidine hydrochloride (Demerol) for ache. Which of the following
are side outcomes of this remedy. Select all that apply.
, 1. Diarrhea
2. Tremors
3. Drowsiness
4. Hypotension
five. Urinary frequency
10.6. Increased respiratory charge - ANS -2. Tremors
11.3. Drowsiness
12.4. Hypotension
13.
14.Rationale:Meperidine hydrochloride is an opioid analgesic. Side outcomes include
respiratory despair, drowsiness, hypotension, constipation, urinary retention, nausea,
vomiting, and tremors.
15.A consumer is taking Humulin NPH insulin every day each morning. The nurse
reinforces commands for the consumer and tells the patron that the most in all likelihood
time for a hypoglycemic reaction to occur is:
16.1. 2 to four hours after management
17.2. 4 to 12 hours after administration
18.3. Sixteen to 18 hours after administration
19.four. 18 to 24 hours after administration - ANS -2. 4 to 12 hours after management
20.
21.Rationale:
22.Humulin NPH is an intermediate-acting insulin. The onset of movement is 1.Five hours, it
peaks in 4 to 12 hours, and its length of motion is 24 hours. Hypoglycemic reactions
maximum probably arise at some stage in height time.
23.A consumer is taking phenytoin (Dilantin) for seizure manipulate and a pattern for a
serum drug stage is drawn. Which of the following indicates a healing serum drug
variety?
24.1.) five to 10 mcg/mL
25.2. 10 to twenty mcg/mL
26.3. 20 to 30 mcg/mL
27.four. 30 to 40 mcg/mL - ANS -2. 10 to 20 mcg/mL
28.
29.Rationale:
30.The therapeutic serum drug stage variety for phenytoin (Dilantin) is 10 to twenty
mcg/mL.* A useful hint may be to remember that the theophylline healing variety and the
acetaminophen (Tylenol) therapeutic range are similar to the phenytoin (Dilantin)
therapeutic variety.*
31.A purchaser is to begin a 6-month path of remedy with isoniazid (INH). A nurse plans to
teach the client to:
32.1. Drink alcohol in small quantities most effective.
33.2. Report yellow eyes or pores and skin right away.
34.Three. Increase intake of Swiss or aged cheeses. 4. Avoid diet dietary supplements
throughout remedy. - ANS -2. Report yellow eyes or skin without delay.
35.
