Chapter 01: The Nursing Process and Patient-Centered Care
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McCuistion: Pharmacology: A Patient-Centered Nursing Process Approach, 11th Edition
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MULTIPLE CHOICE ga
1. All of the following would be considered subjective data, EXCEPT:
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a. Patient-reported health history ga ga
b. Patient-reported signs and symptoms of their illness ga ga ga ga ga ga
c. Financial barriers reported by the patient‘s caregiver ga ga ga ga ga ga
d. Vital signs obtained from the medical record
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ANS: D ga
Subjective data is based on what patients or family members communicate to the nurse. Patient-
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reported health history, signs and symptoms, and caregiver reported financial barriers would be
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considered subjective data. Vital signs obtained from the medical record would be considered
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objective data.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension) ga ga ga TOP: Nursing Process: Planning
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MSC: NCLEX: Management of Client Care
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2. The nurse is using data collected to define a set of interventions to achieve the most desirable
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outcomes. Which of the following steps is the nurse applying?
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a. Recognizing cues (assessment) ga ga
b. Analyze cues & prioritize hypothesis (analysis) ga ga ga ga ga
c. Generate solutions (planning) ga ga
d. Take action (nursing interventions) ga ga ga
ANS: C ga
When generating solutions (planning), the nurse identifies expected outcomes and uses the
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patient‘s problem(s) to define a set of interventions to achieve the most desirable outcomes.
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
Recognizing cues (assessment) involves the gathering of cues (information) from the patient
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about their health and lifestyle practices, which are important facts that aid the nurse in
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making clinical care decisions. Prioritizing hypothesis is used to organize and rank the patient
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problem(s) identified. Finally, taking action involves implementation of nursing interventions
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to accomplish the expected outcomes.
ga ga ga ga ga
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension) ga ga ga
TOP: Nursing Process: Nursing Intervention
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MSC: NCLEX: Management of Client Care
g a ga ga ga ga
3. A 5-year-old child with type 1 diabetes mellitus has had repeated hospitalizations for episodes of
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ga hyperglycemia. The parents tell the nurse that they can‘t keep track of everything that has to
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
ga be done to care for their child. The nurse reviews medications, diet, and symptom management
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
, with the parents and draws up a daily checklist for the family to use. These activities are
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
completed in which step of the nursing process?
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a. Recognizing cues (assessment)
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b. Analyze cues & prioritize hypothesis (analysis)
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, c. Generate solutions (planning) ga ga
d. Take action (nursing interventions)
ga ga ga
ANS: D ga
Taking action through nursing interventions is where the nurse provides patient health teaching,
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drug administration, patient care, and other interventions necessary to assist the patient in
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accomplishing expected outcomes.
ga ga ga
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension) ga ga ga
TOP: Nursing Process: Nursing Intervention
ga g a ga ga ga
MSC: NCLEX: Management of Client Care
g a ga ga ga ga
4. The nurse is preparing to administer a medication and reviews the patient‘s chart for
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drug allergies, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels. The nurse‘s
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actions are reflective of which of the following?
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a. Recognizing cues (assessment) ga ga
b. Analyze cues & prioritize hypothesis (analysis) ga ga ga ga ga
c. Take action (nursing interventions)
ga ga ga
d. Generate solutions (planning) ga ga
ANS: A ga
Recognizing cues (assessment) involves gathering subjective and objective information about the
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patient and the medication. Laboratory values from the patient‘s chart would be considered
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collection of objective data.
ga ga ga ga
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension) ga ga ga
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment
g a MSC: NCLEX: Management of Client Care
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5. Which of the following would be correctly categorized as objective data?
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a. A list of herbal supplements regularly used provided by the patient.
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b. Lab values associated with the drugs the patient is taking.
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c. The ages and relationship of all household members to the patient.
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d. Usual dietary patterns and food intake.
ga ga ga ga ga
ANS: B ga
Objective data are measured and detected by another person and would include lab values. The
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other examples are subjective data.
ga ga ga ga ga
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension) ga ga ga
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment
g a MSC: NCLEX: Management of Client Care
ga ga g a ga ga ga ga
6. The nurse reviews a patient‘s database and learns that the patient lives alone, is forgetful, and
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does not have an established routine. The patient will be sent home with three new
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
medications to be taken at different times of the day. The nurse develops a daily medication
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
chart and enlists a family member to put the patient‘s pills in a pill organizer. This is an
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
example of which element of the nursing process?
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a. Recognizing cues (assessment) ga ga
b. Analyze cues & prioritize hypothesis (analysis) ga ga ga ga ga
c. Take action (nursing interventions)
ga ga ga
, d. Generate solutions (planning) ga ga
ANS: C ga
Taking action (nursing interventions) involves education and patient care in order to assist the
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patient to accomplish the goals of treatment.
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying (Application) ga ga ga
TOP: Nursing Process: Nursing Intervention
ga ga ga ga ga
MSC: NCLEX: Management of Client Care
ga g a ga ga ga ga
7. A patient who is hospitalized for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) wants to go
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home. The nurse and the patient discuss the patient‘s situation and decide that the patient may
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
go home when able to perform self-care without dyspnea and hypoxia. This is an example of
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which phase of the nursing process?
ga ga ga ga ga ga
a. Recognizing cues (assessment) ga ga
b. Analyze cues & prioritize hypothesis (analysis) ga ga ga ga ga
c. Take action (nursing interventions) ga ga ga
d. Generate solutions (planning) ga ga
ANS: D ga
Generating solutions (planning) involves defining a set of interventions to achieve the
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most desirable outcomes, which, for this patient, means being able to perform self-care
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
activities without dyspnea and hypoxia.
ga ga ga ga ga
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension)
g a ga ga ga TOP: Nursing Process: Planning ga ga ga
MSC: NCLEX: Management of Client Care
ga g a ga ga ga ga
8. A patient will be sent home with a metered-dose inhaler, and the nurse is providing teaching.
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Which is a correctly written expected outcome for this process?
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a. The nurse will demonstrate the correct use of a metered-dose inhaler to the patient.
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
b. The nurse will teach the patient how to administer medication with a metered-dose
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inhaler. ga
c. The patient will know how to self-administer the medication using the metered-
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dose inhaler.
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d. The patient will independently administer the medication using the metered-dose
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
inhaler at the end of the session.
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
ANS: D ga
Expected outcomes must be patient-centered and clearly state the outcome with a
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reasonable deadline and should identify components for evaluation.
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying (Application)
g a ga ga ga TOP: Nursing Process: Planning ga ga ga
MSC: NCLEX: Management of Client Care
ga g a ga ga ga ga
9. The nurse is generating solutions (planning) for a patient who has chronic lung disease and
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hypoxia. The patient has been admitted for increased oxygen needs above a baseline of 2
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
L/min. The nurse generates an expected outcomes stating, ―The patient will have oxygen
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saturations of
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>95% on room air at the time of discharge from the hospital.‖ What is wrong with this goal?
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a. It cannot be evaluated.
ga ga ga
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
McCuistion: Pharmacology: A Patient-Centered Nursing Process Approach, 11th Edition
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
MULTIPLE CHOICE ga
1. All of the following would be considered subjective data, EXCEPT:
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
a. Patient-reported health history ga ga
b. Patient-reported signs and symptoms of their illness ga ga ga ga ga ga
c. Financial barriers reported by the patient‘s caregiver ga ga ga ga ga ga
d. Vital signs obtained from the medical record
ga ga ga ga ga ga
ANS: D ga
Subjective data is based on what patients or family members communicate to the nurse. Patient-
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
reported health history, signs and symptoms, and caregiver reported financial barriers would be
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
considered subjective data. Vital signs obtained from the medical record would be considered
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
objective data.
ga ga
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension) ga ga ga TOP: Nursing Process: Planning
ga ga ga
MSC: NCLEX: Management of Client Care
ga g a ga ga ga ga
2. The nurse is using data collected to define a set of interventions to achieve the most desirable
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
outcomes. Which of the following steps is the nurse applying?
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
a. Recognizing cues (assessment) ga ga
b. Analyze cues & prioritize hypothesis (analysis) ga ga ga ga ga
c. Generate solutions (planning) ga ga
d. Take action (nursing interventions) ga ga ga
ANS: C ga
When generating solutions (planning), the nurse identifies expected outcomes and uses the
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
patient‘s problem(s) to define a set of interventions to achieve the most desirable outcomes.
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
Recognizing cues (assessment) involves the gathering of cues (information) from the patient
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
about their health and lifestyle practices, which are important facts that aid the nurse in
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
making clinical care decisions. Prioritizing hypothesis is used to organize and rank the patient
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
problem(s) identified. Finally, taking action involves implementation of nursing interventions
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
to accomplish the expected outcomes.
ga ga ga ga ga
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension) ga ga ga
TOP: Nursing Process: Nursing Intervention
ga g a ga ga ga
MSC: NCLEX: Management of Client Care
g a ga ga ga ga
3. A 5-year-old child with type 1 diabetes mellitus has had repeated hospitalizations for episodes of
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
ga hyperglycemia. The parents tell the nurse that they can‘t keep track of everything that has to
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
ga be done to care for their child. The nurse reviews medications, diet, and symptom management
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
, with the parents and draws up a daily checklist for the family to use. These activities are
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
completed in which step of the nursing process?
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
a. Recognizing cues (assessment)
ga ga
b. Analyze cues & prioritize hypothesis (analysis)
ga ga ga ga ga
, c. Generate solutions (planning) ga ga
d. Take action (nursing interventions)
ga ga ga
ANS: D ga
Taking action through nursing interventions is where the nurse provides patient health teaching,
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
drug administration, patient care, and other interventions necessary to assist the patient in
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
accomplishing expected outcomes.
ga ga ga
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension) ga ga ga
TOP: Nursing Process: Nursing Intervention
ga g a ga ga ga
MSC: NCLEX: Management of Client Care
g a ga ga ga ga
4. The nurse is preparing to administer a medication and reviews the patient‘s chart for
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
drug allergies, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels. The nurse‘s
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
actions are reflective of which of the following?
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
a. Recognizing cues (assessment) ga ga
b. Analyze cues & prioritize hypothesis (analysis) ga ga ga ga ga
c. Take action (nursing interventions)
ga ga ga
d. Generate solutions (planning) ga ga
ANS: A ga
Recognizing cues (assessment) involves gathering subjective and objective information about the
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
patient and the medication. Laboratory values from the patient‘s chart would be considered
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
collection of objective data.
ga ga ga ga
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension) ga ga ga
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment
g a MSC: NCLEX: Management of Client Care
ga ga g a ga ga ga ga
5. Which of the following would be correctly categorized as objective data?
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
a. A list of herbal supplements regularly used provided by the patient.
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
b. Lab values associated with the drugs the patient is taking.
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
c. The ages and relationship of all household members to the patient.
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
d. Usual dietary patterns and food intake.
ga ga ga ga ga
ANS: B ga
Objective data are measured and detected by another person and would include lab values. The
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
other examples are subjective data.
ga ga ga ga ga
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension) ga ga ga
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment
g a MSC: NCLEX: Management of Client Care
ga ga g a ga ga ga ga
6. The nurse reviews a patient‘s database and learns that the patient lives alone, is forgetful, and
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
does not have an established routine. The patient will be sent home with three new
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
medications to be taken at different times of the day. The nurse develops a daily medication
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
chart and enlists a family member to put the patient‘s pills in a pill organizer. This is an
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
example of which element of the nursing process?
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
a. Recognizing cues (assessment) ga ga
b. Analyze cues & prioritize hypothesis (analysis) ga ga ga ga ga
c. Take action (nursing interventions)
ga ga ga
, d. Generate solutions (planning) ga ga
ANS: C ga
Taking action (nursing interventions) involves education and patient care in order to assist the
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
patient to accomplish the goals of treatment.
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying (Application) ga ga ga
TOP: Nursing Process: Nursing Intervention
ga ga ga ga ga
MSC: NCLEX: Management of Client Care
ga g a ga ga ga ga
7. A patient who is hospitalized for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) wants to go
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
home. The nurse and the patient discuss the patient‘s situation and decide that the patient may
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
go home when able to perform self-care without dyspnea and hypoxia. This is an example of
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
which phase of the nursing process?
ga ga ga ga ga ga
a. Recognizing cues (assessment) ga ga
b. Analyze cues & prioritize hypothesis (analysis) ga ga ga ga ga
c. Take action (nursing interventions) ga ga ga
d. Generate solutions (planning) ga ga
ANS: D ga
Generating solutions (planning) involves defining a set of interventions to achieve the
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
most desirable outcomes, which, for this patient, means being able to perform self-care
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
activities without dyspnea and hypoxia.
ga ga ga ga ga
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension)
g a ga ga ga TOP: Nursing Process: Planning ga ga ga
MSC: NCLEX: Management of Client Care
ga g a ga ga ga ga
8. A patient will be sent home with a metered-dose inhaler, and the nurse is providing teaching.
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
Which is a correctly written expected outcome for this process?
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
a. The nurse will demonstrate the correct use of a metered-dose inhaler to the patient.
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
b. The nurse will teach the patient how to administer medication with a metered-dose
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
inhaler. ga
c. The patient will know how to self-administer the medication using the metered-
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
dose inhaler.
ga ga
d. The patient will independently administer the medication using the metered-dose
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
inhaler at the end of the session.
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
ANS: D ga
Expected outcomes must be patient-centered and clearly state the outcome with a
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
reasonable deadline and should identify components for evaluation.
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying (Application)
g a ga ga ga TOP: Nursing Process: Planning ga ga ga
MSC: NCLEX: Management of Client Care
ga g a ga ga ga ga
9. The nurse is generating solutions (planning) for a patient who has chronic lung disease and
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
hypoxia. The patient has been admitted for increased oxygen needs above a baseline of 2
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
L/min. The nurse generates an expected outcomes stating, ―The patient will have oxygen
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
saturations of
ga ga
>95% on room air at the time of discharge from the hospital.‖ What is wrong with this goal?
ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga ga
a. It cannot be evaluated.
ga ga ga
