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BIO 351 - Final Exam 2025 Questions and Answers 100% Pass

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BIO 351 - Final Exam 2025 Questions and Answers 100% Pass GNETOPHYTA - • Three genera - Ephedra, Gnetum and Welwitschia • Gymnosperm • Has vessels • Has am archegonia cavity but not an archegonium per se; egg is in the archegonal cavity • Has one venter cell • Double fertilization • One sperm unites with egg → 2n zygote → embryo • One sperm unites with the venter canal cell → 2n cell → mitosis many times → 2n tissue that supples food to developing embryo (similar to endosperm) Ephedra - • 40 species • shrubs • present since Permian • found in dry areas in Old and New World • Colorado, Utah, New Mexico • alkaloids - ephedrine (made tea) 2COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY SOPHIA BENNETT, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED • green, photosynthetic stems • most species are dioecious (a few species are monoecious) • Male: microsporangia & microsporophyll (Cone) • Female: Ovule (red bract & scale) Gnetum - • 30 species • lianas (vines), some shrubs, a few trees • Gnetum gnemon - Tree, Java, food, rope • Present since Permian • Male: microsporangia in whorls • Female: ovules on stems (mature red seeds) Welwitshchia - • 1 species (mirabilis) • Southwest coast of Africa (Namibia)

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BIO 351 - Final Exam 2025 Questions
and Answers 100% Pass

GNETOPHYTA - ✔✔• Three genera - Ephedra, Gnetum and Welwitschia

• Gymnosperm

• Has vessels

• Has am archegonia cavity but not an archegonium per se; egg is in the archegonal
cavity

• Has one venter cell

• Double fertilization

• One sperm unites with egg → 2n zygote → embryo

• One sperm unites with the venter canal cell → 2n cell → mitosis many times → 2n
tissue that supples food to developing embryo (similar to endosperm)

Ephedra - ✔✔• 40 species

• shrubs

• present since Permian

• found in dry areas in Old and New World

• Colorado, Utah, New Mexico

• alkaloids - ephedrine (made tea)




COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY SOPHIA BENNETT, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1

, • green, photosynthetic stems

• most species are dioecious (a few species are monoecious)

• Male: microsporangia & microsporophyll (Cone)

• Female: Ovule (red bract & scale)

Gnetum - ✔✔• 30 species

• lianas (vines), some shrubs, a few trees

• Gnetum gnemon - Tree, Java, food, rope

• Present since Permian

• Male: microsporangia in whorls

• Female: ovules on stems (mature red seeds)

Welwitshchia - ✔✔• 1 species (mirabilis)

• Southwest coast of Africa (Namibia)

• desert, 5 cm of rain per year

• two leaves

• Live upto a 1000 years

• dioecious

Bennettitales - ✔✔• Gymnosperms

• late Carboniferous or Permian, peaked in Jurassic, extinct in late Creaceous

• 2 Familes: Cycadeoidaceae & Williamsoniaceae

• Ovules clustered inside bracts

• Did not have ovaries; did not have flowers




COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY SOPHIA BENNETT, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
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