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Bio 172 Exam 3 with verified answers

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Bio 172 Exam 3 with verified answers

Institution
BIO 172
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BIO 172










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Institution
BIO 172
Course
BIO 172

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Uploaded on
April 14, 2025
Number of pages
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Written in
2024/2025
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Bio 172 Exam 3 with verified
answers

What is the function of the lactose permease? - correct answer ✔It transports
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




lactose into a cell |||||| |||||| ||||||




What is an operon? - correct answer ✔A region of DNA consisting of the
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




promoter, the operator, and the coding sequences for structural proteins
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Negative transcriptional regulation means that... - correct answer ✔There is a
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regulatory factor that turns off transcription |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




What is the function of the enzyme beta-galactosidase? - correct answer ✔It
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




cleaves lactose into glucose and galactose
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Positive transcriptional regulation means that... - correct answer ✔There is a
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




regulatory factor that turns on transcription |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




TRUE or FALSE: Positive regulation of transcription requires an activator protein
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




to help RNA Polymerase bind. - correct answer ✔True
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




In terms of gene expression, what is a repressor molecule? - correct answer ✔A
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




molecule that does not allow transcription to occur |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||

,Which gene encodes the protein beta-galactosidase? - correct answer ✔lacZ
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




In positive regulation... - correct answer ✔A regulatory molecule (usually a
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




protein) binds to the DNA near the gene in order for transcription to take place |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




What is a constitutively active gene? - correct answer ✔A gene that is expressed
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




continuously
||||||




In E. coli, lactose binds with the lactose operon... - correct answer ✔repressor,
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




preventing it from binding to the operator. This allows the lacZ and lacY genes |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




to be transcribed |||||| ||||||




How do positive and negative transcriptional regulation differ? - correct answer
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




✔in positive regulation, the binding of a regulatory protein to the DNA is
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




necessary for transcription to occur; in negative regulation, such binding |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




prevents transcription ||||||




What is a nucleosome? - correct answer ✔DNA wrapped around a group of
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




histone proteins ||||||




What are proteins which bind to a gene's promoter to recruit factors necessary
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




to recruit RNA Polymerase and start transcription called? - correct answer
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




✔General transcription factors |||||| ||||||




In an E. coli mutant, beta-galactosidase is not expressed whether or not lactose
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




is present. What can explain this phenotype? - correct answer ✔A mutation in
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




the lacI protein which prevents binding to lactose
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||

, What components are necessary for a genetic screen? - correct answer ✔One
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




would need a substance that induces mutations as well as a selection criteria
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




for the mutants of interest
|||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Assume there is a mutation in the operator, such that the repressor protein |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




cannot bind to it. How would this mutation affect transcription of the lacZ and
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




lacY genes? - correct answer ✔lacZ and lacY transcription will be regulated only
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




by glucose levels and will be high when glucose levels are low
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Which of the following genes might not be constitutively expressed?
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




a) the genes encoding the enzyme needed for the first step of glycolysis
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




b) the gene encoding the repressor protein (lacI)
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




c) the gene encoding a stress hormone
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




d) the gene encoding RNA Polymerase - correct answer ✔c) the gene encoding a
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




stress hormone
|||||| ||||||




What are enhancers? - correct answer ✔DNA sequences to which regulatory
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




transcription factors bind |||||| ||||||




What does chromatin remodeling refer to? - correct answer ✔The process by
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




which nucleosome packing is altered to vary which stretches of DNA are
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




accessible to DNA-binding proteins |||||| |||||| ||||||




You wish to identify a bacterial mutant that cannot utilize galactose as a sugar
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




source. How would you perform the replica plating? - correct answer ✔First |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




plate the bacteria on glucose, then replica plate onto a galactose only plate
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||

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