NURB 3050- Pathophysiology test 1 study
guide questions with correct answers
Describe |the |steps |of |Selye's |General |Adaptation |Syndrome |and |apply |this |to |a |stressful |situation |you
|have |encountered. |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Alarm |Stage
◦ |Body |defenses |are |mobilized
◦ |Activates |"fight |or |flight" |mechanisms |(p.185)
| Hypothalamus
| Sympathetic |nervous |system~ |NE |& |Epinephrine
| Adrenal |Gland~ |Cortisol |
Resistance |Stage
◦ |Hormonal |levels |elevated-stimulating |energy |
Exhaustion |Stage
◦ |Body |unable |to |respond |further |or |damaged |by |increased |demands
What |happens |physiologically |during |each |of |the |steps? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-...
What |is |a |stressor? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Any |factor |that |creates |a |significant |changes |in |body |or |
environment
Describe |the |physiological |response |known |as |pain? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Unpleasant |sensation, |a |
feeling |of |discomfort |resulting |from |stimulation |of |pain |receptors.
What |are |the |major |types |of |pain? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Somatic |pain, |visceral, |incisional, |and |
acute/chronic.
What |are |the |receptors |responsible |for |pain |perception/response? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-
Nocioreceptors
, What |are |the |steps |of |the |inflammatory |response? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-1.Tissue |injury |2. |Release |
of |chemical |mediators |3. |Leukocyte |migration |4. |Phagocytosis |5. |Tissue |Healing
Who |are |the |primary |mediators |and |what |do |each |of |them |do |physiologically? |- |VERIFIED |
ANSWER✔✔-- |histamine: |vasodilator |- |increased |capillary |permeability |to |form |exudate
- |leukotrienes: |later |response: |vasodilation |and |increased |capillary |permeability, |chemotaxis
- |prostagladins: |mediate |pain |perception, |vasodilation |and |increased |capillary |permeability, |fever
- |platelet-activating |factor |(PAF): |activate |neutrophils, |platelet |aggregation
- |cytokines: |increase |plasma |proteins, |ESR, |induce |fever, |chemotaxis, |leukocytosis
- |kinins: |vasodilation |and |increased |capillary |permeability, |pain, |chemotaxis
What |occurs |during |each |of |the |steps |physiologically? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-...
Local |inflammatory |response |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Local- |redness, |warmth, |erythema, |swelling |
(edema), |pain, |loss |of |function.
Systemic |inflammatory |response |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Systemic- |malaise |(extreme |tiredness), |
fatigue, |headache, |anorexia, |fever, |and |SIRS |(systemic |Inflammatory |Response |Syndrome).
What |are |the |common |complications |of |healing? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Loss |of |function, |
contractures |and |obstructions, |adhesions, |hypertrophic |scar |tissue, |and |ulcerations.
What |is |healing |by |primary |intention? |secondary |intention? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-...
Describe |the |healing |process. |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Platelet |aggregation |~Blood |clot |formation |
seals |the |area
Collagenation |~ |Fibroblasts |enter\produce |collagen |
Angiogenesis |~ |revascularization
Proliferation |~ |granulation |tissue
| -Epithelialization |~ |epithelial |cells |divide, |grow |and |spread
Remodeling |~ |cellular |molding |
guide questions with correct answers
Describe |the |steps |of |Selye's |General |Adaptation |Syndrome |and |apply |this |to |a |stressful |situation |you
|have |encountered. |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Alarm |Stage
◦ |Body |defenses |are |mobilized
◦ |Activates |"fight |or |flight" |mechanisms |(p.185)
| Hypothalamus
| Sympathetic |nervous |system~ |NE |& |Epinephrine
| Adrenal |Gland~ |Cortisol |
Resistance |Stage
◦ |Hormonal |levels |elevated-stimulating |energy |
Exhaustion |Stage
◦ |Body |unable |to |respond |further |or |damaged |by |increased |demands
What |happens |physiologically |during |each |of |the |steps? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-...
What |is |a |stressor? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Any |factor |that |creates |a |significant |changes |in |body |or |
environment
Describe |the |physiological |response |known |as |pain? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Unpleasant |sensation, |a |
feeling |of |discomfort |resulting |from |stimulation |of |pain |receptors.
What |are |the |major |types |of |pain? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Somatic |pain, |visceral, |incisional, |and |
acute/chronic.
What |are |the |receptors |responsible |for |pain |perception/response? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-
Nocioreceptors
, What |are |the |steps |of |the |inflammatory |response? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-1.Tissue |injury |2. |Release |
of |chemical |mediators |3. |Leukocyte |migration |4. |Phagocytosis |5. |Tissue |Healing
Who |are |the |primary |mediators |and |what |do |each |of |them |do |physiologically? |- |VERIFIED |
ANSWER✔✔-- |histamine: |vasodilator |- |increased |capillary |permeability |to |form |exudate
- |leukotrienes: |later |response: |vasodilation |and |increased |capillary |permeability, |chemotaxis
- |prostagladins: |mediate |pain |perception, |vasodilation |and |increased |capillary |permeability, |fever
- |platelet-activating |factor |(PAF): |activate |neutrophils, |platelet |aggregation
- |cytokines: |increase |plasma |proteins, |ESR, |induce |fever, |chemotaxis, |leukocytosis
- |kinins: |vasodilation |and |increased |capillary |permeability, |pain, |chemotaxis
What |occurs |during |each |of |the |steps |physiologically? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-...
Local |inflammatory |response |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Local- |redness, |warmth, |erythema, |swelling |
(edema), |pain, |loss |of |function.
Systemic |inflammatory |response |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Systemic- |malaise |(extreme |tiredness), |
fatigue, |headache, |anorexia, |fever, |and |SIRS |(systemic |Inflammatory |Response |Syndrome).
What |are |the |common |complications |of |healing? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Loss |of |function, |
contractures |and |obstructions, |adhesions, |hypertrophic |scar |tissue, |and |ulcerations.
What |is |healing |by |primary |intention? |secondary |intention? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-...
Describe |the |healing |process. |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Platelet |aggregation |~Blood |clot |formation |
seals |the |area
Collagenation |~ |Fibroblasts |enter\produce |collagen |
Angiogenesis |~ |revascularization
Proliferation |~ |granulation |tissue
| -Epithelialization |~ |epithelial |cells |divide, |grow |and |spread
Remodeling |~ |cellular |molding |
