Ba 300 Exam Test Bank Questions And Correct Detailed Answers (Verified Answers) |Already Graded A+

BA 300 EXAM TEST BANK QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ Process of Individual Decision Making - Answer -Moral Awareness - Ethical Judgement - Ethical Behavior Moral Awareness: More likely to recognize moral issue when? - Answer -- peers consider it morally problematic - moral language is used when problem is presented - decision could cause serious harm to others 8 steps to sound ethical decision making - Answer -1. gather facts 2. define ethical issue 3. identify affected parties 4. identify consequences 5. identify obligations 6. consider you character and integrity 7. think creatively about potential actions/alternatives 8. check your gut Ethics - Answer -the principles, norms, and standards of conduct governing an individual or group ALL behavior is controlled ... - Answer -intentionally or unintentionally intentionally control of behavior - Answer --need more intentional control behavior - educational institutions/work organizations should teach peeps about ethics and guide decision making Ethical Behavior - Answer -behavior that is consistent w/ the principles, norms, and standards of business practice that have been agreed upon by society ethical judgment takes in consideration..? - Answer -Characteristics of Individuals: - cognitive biases -individual differences Characteristics of Organizations: - group/organizational pressures - organizational culture Law - Answer --reflects society's minimum norms and standards of business conduct Business Ethics - Answer -includes the law but extends beyond it to include ethical standards and issues that the law does not address *many standards of conduct are agreed upon by society and NOT confided in law classical economist - Answer -assume all human behavior is motivated solely by self interest; humans are purely rational and make choices based on cost-benefit analysis behavioral economist - Answer -found people less rational and more moral than classical economist assumed -evidence suggest people act for altruistic/moral purposes that have little to do with cost-benefit analysis Why is ethics important in business? - Answer --most people prefer to work for ethical organizations - people want to feel good about themselves and their work -employees are more attracted to and committed to ethical organizations Why should managers care about ethics? - Answer --they can be legally liable for criminal activities of their subordinates - if managers don't establish an ethics code employees may engage in unethical behavior The Defense Industry and Initiative on Business Conduct and Ethics - Answer -consortium of US business industry contractors which subscribes to a set of principles for achieving high standards of business ethics/conduct Stakeholders - Answer -parties who are affected by business and its actions, and who have an interest in what business does and how it performs ex. shareholders, employees, suppliers, gov't Values - Answer -one's core beliefs about what is important, what is valued, and how one should behave across a wide variety of situations Organizational Values Statements - Answer -aim to create a shared sense of purpose among employees, and to convey something about the organization's identity to others Organizational Influences in Moral Decision Making - Answer -1. Who shapes you ethical decisions 2. the Pygmalion effect 3. how rewards and punishment effect conduct 4. goals 5. diffusion of responsibility 6. roles and deindividualation Who shapes you ethical decisions? - Answer --peers -superiors -how others in organization act/respond -the way they perceive how others within organization would respond The Pygmalion Effect - Answer -the quality of a persons ethical response generally reflect the expectations their superiors have of them Rewards and Punishments - Answer -- can largely influence/determine how people behave - if ethical behavior conduct is rewarded it will be encouraged (vice versa) Goals - Answer -encourages people to work creatively and cooperatively in best interest of company Dark side: if employees attain goals by whatever means necessary; forgoing ethics of company Diffusion of Responsibility - Answer --organization may design overall way of operating in a way the allows individual to escape responsibility by putting distance between consequence/contribution of a decision 4 Ways to Diffuse Responsibility - Answer -1. Responsibility is taken away - ex. everyone has narrowly defined roles with uncertain relationship to final outcome 2. Responsibility is shared with others -ex. large team with no defined positions 3. Responsibility is obscured by organizational hierarchy -ex. layers of corporation management designated to accomplish tasks 4. Responsibility is diluted by psychological distance to potential victims -ex. layoff of workers or closing of plant that is far from where decision is being made Roles and Deindividualation - Answer -roles may reduce individual's sense of their own responsibility for a given ethically related action Deindividualation - Answer -process by which a person minimizes their personal responsibility for an action by focusing on their assigned role Social Learning Theory - Answer -people learn from observing the rewards/punishments of others