Fluids and Electrolytes
Homeostasis
● Maintaining relatively constant conditions as in fluid compartments
● To maintain internal balance, body must be able to regulate fluids
● All organs and structures of the body involved in homeostasis
● Extracellular fluid
● Intracellular fluid
Components of body fluids
● Water
○ Largest portion of body weight
○ Percentage affected by age, sec, body fat
○ Woman have more fat, so less water
○ Helps in acid-base balance
● Solutes
○ Electrolytes
■ Sodium
■ Potassium
■ Chloride
■ Calcium
■ Magnesium
○ Nonelectrolytes
Transport water and electrolytes
● Membranes
● Transport processes
○ Diffusion
○ Active transport
○ Filtration
○ Osmosis
● Osmolarity
Fluid Imbalances
● Deficient fluid volume
● Excess fluid volume
Electrolyte Imbalances
● Hyponatremia
● Hypernatremia
● Hypokalemia
● Hyperkalemia
● Hypochloremia
● Hyperchloraemia
● Hypocalcemia
Homeostasis
● Maintaining relatively constant conditions as in fluid compartments
● To maintain internal balance, body must be able to regulate fluids
● All organs and structures of the body involved in homeostasis
● Extracellular fluid
● Intracellular fluid
Components of body fluids
● Water
○ Largest portion of body weight
○ Percentage affected by age, sec, body fat
○ Woman have more fat, so less water
○ Helps in acid-base balance
● Solutes
○ Electrolytes
■ Sodium
■ Potassium
■ Chloride
■ Calcium
■ Magnesium
○ Nonelectrolytes
Transport water and electrolytes
● Membranes
● Transport processes
○ Diffusion
○ Active transport
○ Filtration
○ Osmosis
● Osmolarity
Fluid Imbalances
● Deficient fluid volume
● Excess fluid volume
Electrolyte Imbalances
● Hyponatremia
● Hypernatremia
● Hypokalemia
● Hyperkalemia
● Hypochloremia
● Hyperchloraemia
● Hypocalcemia
