NST 10: Exam #3 UPDATED ACTUAL
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
Retinoids - CORRECT ANSWER - Is a collective term for the biologically active forms of
vitamin A. They are called preformed vitamin A because, unlike carotenoids, they do not need to
be converted in the body to become biologically active
Retinoid Acid - CORRECT ANSWER - a fat-soluble and it goes through the skin. Goes to the
transcription. site of cells with the skin within the stem cell layer. Its hard for the body to regulate
that and b/c it's at the DNA level, there could be serious side effects (plus, it isn't controlled)
Retinal Ester - CORRECT ANSWER - the main storage of vitamin a. It is also the way food
gets in the body and is stored. This means that the retinol and alcohol is now bound to be fatty
acid and eliminate to absorb it.
Retinal - CORRECT ANSWER - Vitamin A gets its hands dirty and works in the nucleus and
works at the state level to get things to happen so the retina aldehyde can do both and the thing
that it can do is help vision
Rhodopsin - CORRECT ANSWER - The removal of it allows calcium to be mobilized in the
cell. Mobilization in the cell and it causes fixtures that end up with neural transduction
What's a protein that could harm individuals? - CORRECT ANSWER - Phenylketonuria
PKU (Phenylketonuria) - CORRECT ANSWER - this is an inherited condition attributed to a
defective gene
Aspartame - CORRECT ANSWER - it's a sugar substitute that contains phenylalanine
What is Vitamin D also considered? - CORRECT ANSWER - a hormone as well as a vitamin
,What are the role of Vitamin D in the body - CORRECT ANSWER - - regulates gene
transcription
*maintains blood concentrations of calcium and phosphorus
- it regulates cell proliferationa and differentiation, imune function, can be produced/transported
in the kidney
- It's the manager of calcium pathways for the cells and if there is too much, it isi involved in
lowering it, and if it's too low, then it's involved in raising it, and it helps
mineralization/demineralization
What are factors affecting Vitamin D Synthesis in the Body? - CORRECT ANSWER -
*Important note that there is a lot of controversy in how much VD you need
- factors include: latitude, season, time of day, skin pigmentation, sun exposure, sunscreen use
What are tthe different Vitamin D forms? - CORRECT ANSWER - *Important note that the
body can synthesize from cholesterol and UV light.
Forms include: VD2 (ergocalciferol) in plant sources and supplements, VD3 (cholecalciferol) in
animal source foods and human body, VD2 is less biologically active than VD3, VD-binding-
protein required for transport in blood, Ergo is more effective in plants than the human body
What are two types of Vitamin D Deficiencies? - CORRECT ANSWER - Rickets and
Osteomalacia
What happens to the body when you have Rickets and/or Osteomalacia? - CORRECT
ANSWER - There is a matrix in the bone where there is a six data matrix of the bone that is
usually soft. ID there isn't enough deposits of calcium and phosphorus to solidify that matrix,
then that soft part can't sustain and the bones give to any stress. One thing that can help with this
is VD absorption which is enhanced with fats and milks. VD is involved in vitamin D have
consumption and having cells. Roughly 30% of VD found in milk gets absorbed in the body.
Explain Vitamin D Synthesis and Activation - CORRECT ANSWER - Our skin depends on
Vitamin D3 synthesis and the temperature. VD3 then goes to the liver and it gets hydroxy put on
it and its transported by a binding protein that circulates in the blood. After, it will go to the
kidneys and it can be hydroxylated again to calcined trial if there is a parathyroid hormones
present
, Important note on Vitamin D - CORRECT ANSWER - Whether synthesized in the skin or
obtained from dietary sources, vitamin D ultimately functions as a hormone: 1,25 (OH)2 vitamin
D3 (calcitriol).
What are some functions of calcium? - CORRECT ANSWER - Bone structure, Release of
neurotransmitters, Blood pressure, muscle contraction, cell metabolism, regulate enzyme activity,
blood clotting.
Release of neurotransmitters - CORRECT ANSWER - Retinal separates from the opsin in the
rhodopsin and then gets a flux of calcium that cause neural transmission.
Cell Metabolism - CORRECT ANSWER - Every metabolic response you have has calcium as
a mediator signaling molecule or facilitating that reaction
regulate enzyme activity - CORRECT ANSWER - cell metabolism is able to do that because
of the enzyme activity
blood clotting - CORRECT ANSWER - it's involved in it and vitamin K is involved in the
clotting process that's through hydroxy and that occurs in calcium and is involved in the process
of clotting
What are the functions of calcium - CORRECT ANSWER - *Plasma [Ca ++] 9-11 mg/100ml
Functions include: Bone, mineralization, 2nd messenger, muscle contraction, enzyme activity
What contains a lot of calcium? - CORRECT ANSWER - muscle tissue
Trabecular bone - CORRECT ANSWER - Spongey are of the bone
Cortical bone - CORRECT ANSWER - there is a high impact of stress (compact)
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
Retinoids - CORRECT ANSWER - Is a collective term for the biologically active forms of
vitamin A. They are called preformed vitamin A because, unlike carotenoids, they do not need to
be converted in the body to become biologically active
Retinoid Acid - CORRECT ANSWER - a fat-soluble and it goes through the skin. Goes to the
transcription. site of cells with the skin within the stem cell layer. Its hard for the body to regulate
that and b/c it's at the DNA level, there could be serious side effects (plus, it isn't controlled)
Retinal Ester - CORRECT ANSWER - the main storage of vitamin a. It is also the way food
gets in the body and is stored. This means that the retinol and alcohol is now bound to be fatty
acid and eliminate to absorb it.
Retinal - CORRECT ANSWER - Vitamin A gets its hands dirty and works in the nucleus and
works at the state level to get things to happen so the retina aldehyde can do both and the thing
that it can do is help vision
Rhodopsin - CORRECT ANSWER - The removal of it allows calcium to be mobilized in the
cell. Mobilization in the cell and it causes fixtures that end up with neural transduction
What's a protein that could harm individuals? - CORRECT ANSWER - Phenylketonuria
PKU (Phenylketonuria) - CORRECT ANSWER - this is an inherited condition attributed to a
defective gene
Aspartame - CORRECT ANSWER - it's a sugar substitute that contains phenylalanine
What is Vitamin D also considered? - CORRECT ANSWER - a hormone as well as a vitamin
,What are the role of Vitamin D in the body - CORRECT ANSWER - - regulates gene
transcription
*maintains blood concentrations of calcium and phosphorus
- it regulates cell proliferationa and differentiation, imune function, can be produced/transported
in the kidney
- It's the manager of calcium pathways for the cells and if there is too much, it isi involved in
lowering it, and if it's too low, then it's involved in raising it, and it helps
mineralization/demineralization
What are factors affecting Vitamin D Synthesis in the Body? - CORRECT ANSWER -
*Important note that there is a lot of controversy in how much VD you need
- factors include: latitude, season, time of day, skin pigmentation, sun exposure, sunscreen use
What are tthe different Vitamin D forms? - CORRECT ANSWER - *Important note that the
body can synthesize from cholesterol and UV light.
Forms include: VD2 (ergocalciferol) in plant sources and supplements, VD3 (cholecalciferol) in
animal source foods and human body, VD2 is less biologically active than VD3, VD-binding-
protein required for transport in blood, Ergo is more effective in plants than the human body
What are two types of Vitamin D Deficiencies? - CORRECT ANSWER - Rickets and
Osteomalacia
What happens to the body when you have Rickets and/or Osteomalacia? - CORRECT
ANSWER - There is a matrix in the bone where there is a six data matrix of the bone that is
usually soft. ID there isn't enough deposits of calcium and phosphorus to solidify that matrix,
then that soft part can't sustain and the bones give to any stress. One thing that can help with this
is VD absorption which is enhanced with fats and milks. VD is involved in vitamin D have
consumption and having cells. Roughly 30% of VD found in milk gets absorbed in the body.
Explain Vitamin D Synthesis and Activation - CORRECT ANSWER - Our skin depends on
Vitamin D3 synthesis and the temperature. VD3 then goes to the liver and it gets hydroxy put on
it and its transported by a binding protein that circulates in the blood. After, it will go to the
kidneys and it can be hydroxylated again to calcined trial if there is a parathyroid hormones
present
, Important note on Vitamin D - CORRECT ANSWER - Whether synthesized in the skin or
obtained from dietary sources, vitamin D ultimately functions as a hormone: 1,25 (OH)2 vitamin
D3 (calcitriol).
What are some functions of calcium? - CORRECT ANSWER - Bone structure, Release of
neurotransmitters, Blood pressure, muscle contraction, cell metabolism, regulate enzyme activity,
blood clotting.
Release of neurotransmitters - CORRECT ANSWER - Retinal separates from the opsin in the
rhodopsin and then gets a flux of calcium that cause neural transmission.
Cell Metabolism - CORRECT ANSWER - Every metabolic response you have has calcium as
a mediator signaling molecule or facilitating that reaction
regulate enzyme activity - CORRECT ANSWER - cell metabolism is able to do that because
of the enzyme activity
blood clotting - CORRECT ANSWER - it's involved in it and vitamin K is involved in the
clotting process that's through hydroxy and that occurs in calcium and is involved in the process
of clotting
What are the functions of calcium - CORRECT ANSWER - *Plasma [Ca ++] 9-11 mg/100ml
Functions include: Bone, mineralization, 2nd messenger, muscle contraction, enzyme activity
What contains a lot of calcium? - CORRECT ANSWER - muscle tissue
Trabecular bone - CORRECT ANSWER - Spongey are of the bone
Cortical bone - CORRECT ANSWER - there is a high impact of stress (compact)
