TESTBANK @
@
NEONATAL & PEDIATRIC RESPI
@ @ @
RATORY CARE @
5th Edition, Walsh
@
@
TESTBANK @
,Neonatal@and@Pediatric@Respiratory@Care,@5th@Edition,@Brian@K.@Walsh@Test@Bank
Table@of@Contents
Chapter@1.@Fetal@Lung@Development
Chapter@2.@Fetal@Gas@Exchange@and@Circulation
Chapter@3.@Antenatal@Assessment@and@High-Risk@Delivery
Chapter@4.@Examination@and@Assessment@of@the@Neonatal@and@Pediatric@Patient
Chapter@5.@Pulmonary@Function@Testing@and@Bedside@Pulmonary@Mechanics
Chapter@6.@Radiographic@Assessment
Chapter@7.@Pediatric@Flexible@Bronchoscopy
Chapter@8.@Invasive@Blood@Gas@Analysis@and@Cardiovascular@Monitoring
Chapter@9.@Noninvasive@Monitoring@in@Neonatal@and@Pediatric@Care
Chapter@10.@Oxygen@Administration
Chapter@11.@Aerosols@and@Administration@of@Inhaled@Medications
Chapter@12.@Airway@Clearance@Techniques@and@Hyperinflation@Therapy
Chapter@13.@Airway@Management
Chapter@14.@Surfactant@Replacement@Therapy
Chapter@15.@Noninvasive@Mechanical@Ventilation@and@Continuous@Positive@Pressure@of@the@Neonat
e
Chapter@16.@Noninvasive@Mechanical@Ventilation@of@the@Infant@and@Child
Chapter@17.@Invasive@Mechanical@Ventilation@of@the@Neonate@and@Pediatric@Patient
Chapter@18.@Administration@of@Gas@Mixtures
Chapter@19.@Extracorporeal@Membrane@Oxygenation
Chapter@20.@Pharmacology
Chapter@21.@Thoracic@Organ@Transplantation
Chapter@22.@Neonatal@Pulmonary@Disorders
Chapter@23.@Surgical@Disorders@in@Childhood@that@Affect@Respiratory@Care
Chapter@24.@Congenital@Cardiac@Defects
Chapter@25.@Pediatric@Sleep-Disordered@Breathing
Chapter@26.@Pediatric@Airway@Disorders@and@Parenchymal@Lung@Diseases
Chapter@27.@Asthma
Chapter@28.@Cystic@Fibrosis
Chapter@29.@Acute@Respiratory@Distress@Syndrome
Chapter@30.@Shock
Chapter@31.@Pediatric@Trauma
Chapter@32.@Disorders@of@the@Pleura
Chapter@33.@Neurological@and@Neuromuscular@Disorders
Chapter@34.@Pediatric@Emergencies
Chapter@35.@Home@Care@of@the@Postpartum@Family
Chapter@36.@Quality@and@Safety
,Chapter@1:@Fetal@Lung@Development
Walsh:@Neonatal@&@Pediatric@Respiratory@Care@5th@Edition@Test@Bank@(2020)
MULTIPLE@CHOICE
1. Which@of@the@following@phases@of@human@lung@development@is@characterized@by@the@forma
tion@of@a@capillary@network@around@airway@passages?
a. Pseudoglandular
b. Saccular
c. Alveolar
d. Canalicular
ANS:@ D
The@canalicular@phase@follows@the@pseudoglandular@phase,@lasting@from@approximately@17@
weeks@to@26@weeks@of@gestation.@This@phase@is@so@named@because@of@the@appearance@of@vas
cular@channels,@or@capillaries,@which@begin@to@grow@by@forming@a@capillary@network@aroun
d@the@air@passages.@During@the@pseudoglandular@stage,@which@begins@at@day@52@and@extend
s@to@week@16@of@gestation,@the@airway@system@subdivides@extensively@and@the@conducting@
airway@system@develops,@ending@with@the@terminal@bronchioles.@The@saccular@stage@of@dev
elopment,@which@takes@place@from@weeks@29@to@36@of@gestation,@is@characterized@by@the@de
velopment@of@sacs@that@later@become@alveoli.@During@the@saccular@phase,@a@tremendous@inc
rease@in@the@potential@gas-
@exchanging@surface@area@occurs.@The@distinction@between@the@saccular@stage@and@the@alve
olar@stage@is@arbitrary.@The@alveolar@stage@stretches@from@39@weeks@of@gestation@to@term.@
This@stage@is@represented@by@the@establishment@of@alveoli.
REF:@pp.@ 3-5
2. Regarding@postnatal@lung@growth,@by@approximately@what@age@do@most@of@the@alveoli@that
@ will@be@present@in@the@lungs@for@life@develop?
a. 6@months
b. 1@year
c. 1.5@years
d. 2@years
ANS:@ C
Most@of@the@postnatal@formation@of@alveoli@in@the@infant@occurs@over@the@first@1.5@years@of
@life.@At@2@ years@of@age,@the@number@of@alveoli@varies@substantially@among@individuals.@Aft
er@2@years@of@age,@males@have@more@alveoli@than@do@females.@After@alveolar@multiplication
@ends,@the@alveoli@continue@to@increase@in@size@until@thoracic@growth@is@completed.
REF:@ p.@6
3. The@respiratory@therapist@is@evaluating@a@newborn@with@mild@respiratory@distress@due@to@trac
heal@stenosis.@During@which@period@of@lung@development@did@this@problem@develop?
, a. Embryonal
b. Saccular
c. Canalicular
d. Alveolar
ANS:@ A
The@initial@structures@of@the@pulmonary@tree@develop@during@the@embryonal@stage.@Errors@i
n@development@during@this@time@may@result@in@laryngeal,@tracheal,@or@esophageal@atresia@or
@stenosis.@Pulmonary@hypoplasia,@an@incomplete@development@of@the@lungs@characterized@by
@an@abnormally@low@number@and/or@size@of@bronchopulmonary@segments@and/or@alveoli,@ca
n@develop@during@the@pseudoglandular@phase.@If@the@fetus@is@born@during@the@canalicular@p
hase@(i.e.,@prematurely),@severe@respiratory@distress@can@be@expected@because@the@inadequat
ely@developed@airways,@along@with@insufficient@and@immature@surfactant@production@by@alv
eolar@type@II@cells,@gives@rise@to@the@constellation@of@problems@known@as@infant@respirator
y@distress@syndrome.
REF:@ @ p.@6
4. Which@of@the@following@mechanisms@is@(are)@responsible@for@the@possible@association@bet
ween@oligohydramnios@and@lung@hypoplasia?
I. Abnormal@carbohydrate@metabolism
II. Mechanical@restriction@of@the@chest@wall
III. Interference@with@fetal@breathing
IV. Failure@to@produce@fetal@lung@liquid
a. I@and@ III@only
b. II@and@ III@only
c. I,@II,@and@ IV@only
d. II,@III,@and@IV@only
ANS:@ D
Oligohydramnios,@a@reduced@quantity@of@amniotic@fluid@present@for@an@extended@period@of@ti
me,@with@or@without@renal@anomalies,@is@associated@with@lung@hypoplasia.@The@mechanisms
@by@which@amniotic@fluid@volume@influences@lung@growth@remain@unclear.@Possible@explanat
ions@for@reduced@quantity@of@amniotic@fluid@include@mechanical@restriction@of@the@chest@wal
l,@interference@with@fetal@breathing,@or@failure@to@produce@fetal@lung@liquid.@These@clinical@a
nd@experimental@observations@possibly@point@to@a@common@denominator,@lung@stretch,@as@b
eing@a@major@growth@stimulant.
REF:@pp.@6-7
5. What@is@the@purpose@of@the@substance@secreted@by@the@type@ II@pneumocyte?
a. To@increase@the@gas@exchange@surface@area
b. To@reduce@surface@tension
c. To@maintain@lung@elasticity
d. To@preserve@the@volume@of@the@amniotic@fluid
@
NEONATAL & PEDIATRIC RESPI
@ @ @
RATORY CARE @
5th Edition, Walsh
@
@
TESTBANK @
,Neonatal@and@Pediatric@Respiratory@Care,@5th@Edition,@Brian@K.@Walsh@Test@Bank
Table@of@Contents
Chapter@1.@Fetal@Lung@Development
Chapter@2.@Fetal@Gas@Exchange@and@Circulation
Chapter@3.@Antenatal@Assessment@and@High-Risk@Delivery
Chapter@4.@Examination@and@Assessment@of@the@Neonatal@and@Pediatric@Patient
Chapter@5.@Pulmonary@Function@Testing@and@Bedside@Pulmonary@Mechanics
Chapter@6.@Radiographic@Assessment
Chapter@7.@Pediatric@Flexible@Bronchoscopy
Chapter@8.@Invasive@Blood@Gas@Analysis@and@Cardiovascular@Monitoring
Chapter@9.@Noninvasive@Monitoring@in@Neonatal@and@Pediatric@Care
Chapter@10.@Oxygen@Administration
Chapter@11.@Aerosols@and@Administration@of@Inhaled@Medications
Chapter@12.@Airway@Clearance@Techniques@and@Hyperinflation@Therapy
Chapter@13.@Airway@Management
Chapter@14.@Surfactant@Replacement@Therapy
Chapter@15.@Noninvasive@Mechanical@Ventilation@and@Continuous@Positive@Pressure@of@the@Neonat
e
Chapter@16.@Noninvasive@Mechanical@Ventilation@of@the@Infant@and@Child
Chapter@17.@Invasive@Mechanical@Ventilation@of@the@Neonate@and@Pediatric@Patient
Chapter@18.@Administration@of@Gas@Mixtures
Chapter@19.@Extracorporeal@Membrane@Oxygenation
Chapter@20.@Pharmacology
Chapter@21.@Thoracic@Organ@Transplantation
Chapter@22.@Neonatal@Pulmonary@Disorders
Chapter@23.@Surgical@Disorders@in@Childhood@that@Affect@Respiratory@Care
Chapter@24.@Congenital@Cardiac@Defects
Chapter@25.@Pediatric@Sleep-Disordered@Breathing
Chapter@26.@Pediatric@Airway@Disorders@and@Parenchymal@Lung@Diseases
Chapter@27.@Asthma
Chapter@28.@Cystic@Fibrosis
Chapter@29.@Acute@Respiratory@Distress@Syndrome
Chapter@30.@Shock
Chapter@31.@Pediatric@Trauma
Chapter@32.@Disorders@of@the@Pleura
Chapter@33.@Neurological@and@Neuromuscular@Disorders
Chapter@34.@Pediatric@Emergencies
Chapter@35.@Home@Care@of@the@Postpartum@Family
Chapter@36.@Quality@and@Safety
,Chapter@1:@Fetal@Lung@Development
Walsh:@Neonatal@&@Pediatric@Respiratory@Care@5th@Edition@Test@Bank@(2020)
MULTIPLE@CHOICE
1. Which@of@the@following@phases@of@human@lung@development@is@characterized@by@the@forma
tion@of@a@capillary@network@around@airway@passages?
a. Pseudoglandular
b. Saccular
c. Alveolar
d. Canalicular
ANS:@ D
The@canalicular@phase@follows@the@pseudoglandular@phase,@lasting@from@approximately@17@
weeks@to@26@weeks@of@gestation.@This@phase@is@so@named@because@of@the@appearance@of@vas
cular@channels,@or@capillaries,@which@begin@to@grow@by@forming@a@capillary@network@aroun
d@the@air@passages.@During@the@pseudoglandular@stage,@which@begins@at@day@52@and@extend
s@to@week@16@of@gestation,@the@airway@system@subdivides@extensively@and@the@conducting@
airway@system@develops,@ending@with@the@terminal@bronchioles.@The@saccular@stage@of@dev
elopment,@which@takes@place@from@weeks@29@to@36@of@gestation,@is@characterized@by@the@de
velopment@of@sacs@that@later@become@alveoli.@During@the@saccular@phase,@a@tremendous@inc
rease@in@the@potential@gas-
@exchanging@surface@area@occurs.@The@distinction@between@the@saccular@stage@and@the@alve
olar@stage@is@arbitrary.@The@alveolar@stage@stretches@from@39@weeks@of@gestation@to@term.@
This@stage@is@represented@by@the@establishment@of@alveoli.
REF:@pp.@ 3-5
2. Regarding@postnatal@lung@growth,@by@approximately@what@age@do@most@of@the@alveoli@that
@ will@be@present@in@the@lungs@for@life@develop?
a. 6@months
b. 1@year
c. 1.5@years
d. 2@years
ANS:@ C
Most@of@the@postnatal@formation@of@alveoli@in@the@infant@occurs@over@the@first@1.5@years@of
@life.@At@2@ years@of@age,@the@number@of@alveoli@varies@substantially@among@individuals.@Aft
er@2@years@of@age,@males@have@more@alveoli@than@do@females.@After@alveolar@multiplication
@ends,@the@alveoli@continue@to@increase@in@size@until@thoracic@growth@is@completed.
REF:@ p.@6
3. The@respiratory@therapist@is@evaluating@a@newborn@with@mild@respiratory@distress@due@to@trac
heal@stenosis.@During@which@period@of@lung@development@did@this@problem@develop?
, a. Embryonal
b. Saccular
c. Canalicular
d. Alveolar
ANS:@ A
The@initial@structures@of@the@pulmonary@tree@develop@during@the@embryonal@stage.@Errors@i
n@development@during@this@time@may@result@in@laryngeal,@tracheal,@or@esophageal@atresia@or
@stenosis.@Pulmonary@hypoplasia,@an@incomplete@development@of@the@lungs@characterized@by
@an@abnormally@low@number@and/or@size@of@bronchopulmonary@segments@and/or@alveoli,@ca
n@develop@during@the@pseudoglandular@phase.@If@the@fetus@is@born@during@the@canalicular@p
hase@(i.e.,@prematurely),@severe@respiratory@distress@can@be@expected@because@the@inadequat
ely@developed@airways,@along@with@insufficient@and@immature@surfactant@production@by@alv
eolar@type@II@cells,@gives@rise@to@the@constellation@of@problems@known@as@infant@respirator
y@distress@syndrome.
REF:@ @ p.@6
4. Which@of@the@following@mechanisms@is@(are)@responsible@for@the@possible@association@bet
ween@oligohydramnios@and@lung@hypoplasia?
I. Abnormal@carbohydrate@metabolism
II. Mechanical@restriction@of@the@chest@wall
III. Interference@with@fetal@breathing
IV. Failure@to@produce@fetal@lung@liquid
a. I@and@ III@only
b. II@and@ III@only
c. I,@II,@and@ IV@only
d. II,@III,@and@IV@only
ANS:@ D
Oligohydramnios,@a@reduced@quantity@of@amniotic@fluid@present@for@an@extended@period@of@ti
me,@with@or@without@renal@anomalies,@is@associated@with@lung@hypoplasia.@The@mechanisms
@by@which@amniotic@fluid@volume@influences@lung@growth@remain@unclear.@Possible@explanat
ions@for@reduced@quantity@of@amniotic@fluid@include@mechanical@restriction@of@the@chest@wal
l,@interference@with@fetal@breathing,@or@failure@to@produce@fetal@lung@liquid.@These@clinical@a
nd@experimental@observations@possibly@point@to@a@common@denominator,@lung@stretch,@as@b
eing@a@major@growth@stimulant.
REF:@pp.@6-7
5. What@is@the@purpose@of@the@substance@secreted@by@the@type@ II@pneumocyte?
a. To@increase@the@gas@exchange@surface@area
b. To@reduce@surface@tension
c. To@maintain@lung@elasticity
d. To@preserve@the@volume@of@the@amniotic@fluid
