(NGN) NEW GENERATION NCLEX QUESTIONS FOR
2025 EXAM WOTH All the Questions and 100%
Correct Answers Best Studying Material (Graded A+)
Based off clotting lab tests, how will you know if a pt has DIC? - answers-All clotting
values will be HIGH (aPTT, PT, INR)
How does acid-base gasses affect DIC? - answers-Acidosis aggravates DIC,
accelerating fibrinogen breakdown
What's the target A1C for diabetes mellitus? - answers-Less than 7%
Simian sign is potentially indicative of what in a newborn? - answers-Down syndrome
- Single transverse palmar crease
Compensatory stage of shock is indicated by what MAP? - answers-10-15 mmHg
decrease
Progressive stage of shock is indicated by what MAP? - answers-20 mmHg decrease
Why is DIC a medical emergency? - answers-DIC is when many clots form throughout
the blood vessels = depletes clotting factors & platelets → excessive bleeding →
hemorrhage
In what patients should lactated ringers be avoided? - answers-Liver impaired pts
- D/t Liver can't metabolize lactate
- Ex: Cirrhosis, hepatitis
In what patients should lactated ringers be cautioned? - answers-Renal impaired pts
- LR contains potassium and it might risk hyperkalemia in renally impaired
What drug is used for narcolepsy? - answers-Modafinil
Stimulant drug = stimulant s/s
,What are the 5 types of NSAIDS? - answers-"NSAIK"
- Naproxen
- Salicylate acid (Aspirin)
- Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin)
- Ibuprofen & Indomethacin
- Ketorolac (Toradol - only NSAID given IV)
What is the only type of NSAID that does NOT cause blood clots? - answers-Aspirin
(Salicylate acid / Acetylsalicylic acid)
What are the key points for NSAIDs? - answers-"NSAIDS"
- Not good for entire body
- Sticky blood "clots"
- Asthma worsening (d/t bronchospasms)
- Increased bleeding risk (notify HCP of bleeding, easy bruising, tarry stools/coffee
ground emesis)
-D
What's the MOA for NSAIDs? - answers-↓ prostaglandin response & platelet
aggregation
What are the indications for NSAIDs? - answers-- Antipyretic
- Anti-inflammation (gout, arthritis, RA)
Why should peptic ulcer pts avoid NSAIDs? - answers-NSAIDs block prostaglandins
which protect stomach lining
Why should NSAIDs always be taken w/food? - answers-NSAIDs block prostaglandins
which protect stomach lining
What's the antidote for acetaminophen? - answers-acetylcysteine
Why should aspirin be avoided in children? - answers-risk of Reye's syndrome
Instead tx w/ Ibuprofen or Tylenol
For pts who can't take NSAIDs, what can they take? - answers-Acetaminophen
(Tylenol)
- Decreases bleeding risk
- Child w/flu can take tylenol
Pts taking acetaminophen should avoid? - answers-Alcohol
Tylenol is liver toxic
- Monitor ALT/AST labs
,Thrombocytopenia is platelets below? - answers-150,000
When is aPTT collected for IV heparin? - answers-6 hours after initial first bolus dose
and/or after any adjustments
What's the normal aPTT goal? - answers-1.5-2x
What's the normal aPTT? - answers-30-40 seconds
What are the s/s of Cushing's triad? - answers-- Bradycardia
- Irregular respirations
- Widening pulse pressure
Why are ice/cold compress not used for SCD w/vaso-occlusive crisis? - answers-
Causes vasoconstriction to already blocked vessels
Why is fresh frozen plasma not given for SCD w/vaso-occlusive crisis? - answers-FFP
provides clotting factors therefore increases risk for blood clots with already occluded
vessels
When does Cushing's triad occur? - answers-when ICP has increased
- Cushing's triad is a late manifestation of increased intracranial pressure (ICP)
What is normal ICP? - answers-5-15 mmHg
What is the increased ICP mmHg? - answers-20 mmHg
What is the earliest sign of ICP? - answers-Decreased level of consciousness
What are the 3 cardinal signs of ectopic pregnancy? - answers-Positive home
pregnancy test, unilateral pelvic (abdominal) pain, vaginal bleeding
What is Fat Embolism Syndrome (FES)? - answers-A severe complication that can
result from fracture to long bones or pelvis
Occurs within 48 hours of fracture
How does Fat Embolism Syndrome manifestations differ from PE? - answers-PE
doesn't have the petechiae manifestation that FES does
What happens in myasthenia gravis? - answers-Body blocks acetylcholine receptors
- Body gets dry + weak
- Muscle weakness + fatigue
, What drug is given for myasthenia gravis? - answers-"-stigmine"
- ex: Neostigmine
- SSStigmines add SSSecretions (cholinergics)
What is myasthenic crisis? - answers-Severe diaphragm weakness and respiratory
arrest
- Intubation @ bedside
What should be given to a patient with Myasthenia gravis before eating? - answers-"-
stigmine"
- SSStigmines add SSSecretions (cholinergics)
- Help w/swallowing
What are the key clinical features of myasthenia gravis? - answers-- Diplopia (double
vision)
- Ptosis (drooping upper eyelid)
- Facial weakness
What's the therapeutic range for Phenytoin? - answers-10-20 mcg/mL
What does Phenytoin do? - answers-Stabilizes the neuronal membrane
- decreases seizure activity
What is Glipizide? - answers-Sulfonylurea
- Oral diabetes drug for T2DM
- Releases insulin = decreases blood sugar
What's the antidote for benzodiazepine overdose? - answers-Flumazenil
What are some of age-related skin changes? - answers-- Decreased epidermal
thickness
- Increased epidermal permeability
- Decreased dermal blood flow = dry skin
- Thinning subcutaneous layer = hypothermia/pressure ulcers
- Degeneration of elastic fibers = ↓ tone/elasticity
What's a Transesophageal Echocardiogram (TEE)? - answers-Visualizes posterior
heart and chambers
- Determines if clots present prior to cardioversion
- Determines if anticoagulants needed
2025 EXAM WOTH All the Questions and 100%
Correct Answers Best Studying Material (Graded A+)
Based off clotting lab tests, how will you know if a pt has DIC? - answers-All clotting
values will be HIGH (aPTT, PT, INR)
How does acid-base gasses affect DIC? - answers-Acidosis aggravates DIC,
accelerating fibrinogen breakdown
What's the target A1C for diabetes mellitus? - answers-Less than 7%
Simian sign is potentially indicative of what in a newborn? - answers-Down syndrome
- Single transverse palmar crease
Compensatory stage of shock is indicated by what MAP? - answers-10-15 mmHg
decrease
Progressive stage of shock is indicated by what MAP? - answers-20 mmHg decrease
Why is DIC a medical emergency? - answers-DIC is when many clots form throughout
the blood vessels = depletes clotting factors & platelets → excessive bleeding →
hemorrhage
In what patients should lactated ringers be avoided? - answers-Liver impaired pts
- D/t Liver can't metabolize lactate
- Ex: Cirrhosis, hepatitis
In what patients should lactated ringers be cautioned? - answers-Renal impaired pts
- LR contains potassium and it might risk hyperkalemia in renally impaired
What drug is used for narcolepsy? - answers-Modafinil
Stimulant drug = stimulant s/s
,What are the 5 types of NSAIDS? - answers-"NSAIK"
- Naproxen
- Salicylate acid (Aspirin)
- Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin)
- Ibuprofen & Indomethacin
- Ketorolac (Toradol - only NSAID given IV)
What is the only type of NSAID that does NOT cause blood clots? - answers-Aspirin
(Salicylate acid / Acetylsalicylic acid)
What are the key points for NSAIDs? - answers-"NSAIDS"
- Not good for entire body
- Sticky blood "clots"
- Asthma worsening (d/t bronchospasms)
- Increased bleeding risk (notify HCP of bleeding, easy bruising, tarry stools/coffee
ground emesis)
-D
What's the MOA for NSAIDs? - answers-↓ prostaglandin response & platelet
aggregation
What are the indications for NSAIDs? - answers-- Antipyretic
- Anti-inflammation (gout, arthritis, RA)
Why should peptic ulcer pts avoid NSAIDs? - answers-NSAIDs block prostaglandins
which protect stomach lining
Why should NSAIDs always be taken w/food? - answers-NSAIDs block prostaglandins
which protect stomach lining
What's the antidote for acetaminophen? - answers-acetylcysteine
Why should aspirin be avoided in children? - answers-risk of Reye's syndrome
Instead tx w/ Ibuprofen or Tylenol
For pts who can't take NSAIDs, what can they take? - answers-Acetaminophen
(Tylenol)
- Decreases bleeding risk
- Child w/flu can take tylenol
Pts taking acetaminophen should avoid? - answers-Alcohol
Tylenol is liver toxic
- Monitor ALT/AST labs
,Thrombocytopenia is platelets below? - answers-150,000
When is aPTT collected for IV heparin? - answers-6 hours after initial first bolus dose
and/or after any adjustments
What's the normal aPTT goal? - answers-1.5-2x
What's the normal aPTT? - answers-30-40 seconds
What are the s/s of Cushing's triad? - answers-- Bradycardia
- Irregular respirations
- Widening pulse pressure
Why are ice/cold compress not used for SCD w/vaso-occlusive crisis? - answers-
Causes vasoconstriction to already blocked vessels
Why is fresh frozen plasma not given for SCD w/vaso-occlusive crisis? - answers-FFP
provides clotting factors therefore increases risk for blood clots with already occluded
vessels
When does Cushing's triad occur? - answers-when ICP has increased
- Cushing's triad is a late manifestation of increased intracranial pressure (ICP)
What is normal ICP? - answers-5-15 mmHg
What is the increased ICP mmHg? - answers-20 mmHg
What is the earliest sign of ICP? - answers-Decreased level of consciousness
What are the 3 cardinal signs of ectopic pregnancy? - answers-Positive home
pregnancy test, unilateral pelvic (abdominal) pain, vaginal bleeding
What is Fat Embolism Syndrome (FES)? - answers-A severe complication that can
result from fracture to long bones or pelvis
Occurs within 48 hours of fracture
How does Fat Embolism Syndrome manifestations differ from PE? - answers-PE
doesn't have the petechiae manifestation that FES does
What happens in myasthenia gravis? - answers-Body blocks acetylcholine receptors
- Body gets dry + weak
- Muscle weakness + fatigue
, What drug is given for myasthenia gravis? - answers-"-stigmine"
- ex: Neostigmine
- SSStigmines add SSSecretions (cholinergics)
What is myasthenic crisis? - answers-Severe diaphragm weakness and respiratory
arrest
- Intubation @ bedside
What should be given to a patient with Myasthenia gravis before eating? - answers-"-
stigmine"
- SSStigmines add SSSecretions (cholinergics)
- Help w/swallowing
What are the key clinical features of myasthenia gravis? - answers-- Diplopia (double
vision)
- Ptosis (drooping upper eyelid)
- Facial weakness
What's the therapeutic range for Phenytoin? - answers-10-20 mcg/mL
What does Phenytoin do? - answers-Stabilizes the neuronal membrane
- decreases seizure activity
What is Glipizide? - answers-Sulfonylurea
- Oral diabetes drug for T2DM
- Releases insulin = decreases blood sugar
What's the antidote for benzodiazepine overdose? - answers-Flumazenil
What are some of age-related skin changes? - answers-- Decreased epidermal
thickness
- Increased epidermal permeability
- Decreased dermal blood flow = dry skin
- Thinning subcutaneous layer = hypothermia/pressure ulcers
- Degeneration of elastic fibers = ↓ tone/elasticity
What's a Transesophageal Echocardiogram (TEE)? - answers-Visualizes posterior
heart and chambers
- Determines if clots present prior to cardioversion
- Determines if anticoagulants needed
