Chapter 01: Health Defined: Objectives for Promotion and Prevention
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Edelman: Health Promotion Throughout the Life Span, 8th Edition
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MULTIPLE CHOICE sr
1. Which model of health is most likely used by a person who does not believe in preventive health care?
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a. Clinical model sr
b. Role performance model sr sr
c. Adaptive model sr
d. Eudaimonistic model sr
ANS: A s r
The clinical model of health views the absence of signs and symptoms of disease as indicative of health. People
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who use this model wait until they are very sick to seek care.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) sr sr sr REF: p. 3 sr
2. A person with chronic back pain is cared for by her primary care provider as well as
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receives acupuncture. Which model of health does this person likely favor?
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a. Clinical model sr
b. Role performance model sr sr
c. Adaptive model sr
d. Eudaimonistic model sr
ANS: D s r
The eudaimonistic model embodies the interaction and interrelationships among physical, social,
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psychological, and spiritual aspects of life and the environment in goal attainment and creating meaning in
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life. Practitioners who practice the clinical model may not be enough for someone who believes in the
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eudaimonistic model. Those who believe in the eudaimonistic model often look for alternative providers of
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care.
sr
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) sr sr sr REF: p. 3 sr
3. A state of physical, mental, spiritual, and social functioning that realizes a person‘s potential and is
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experienced within a developmental context is known as:
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a. growth and development. sr sr
b. health.
c. functioning.
d. high-level wellness. sr
ANS: B s r
Health is defined as a state of physical, mental, spiritual, and social functioning that realizes a person‘s potential
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and is experienced within a developmental context.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) sr sr sr REF: p. 5 sr
4. Which of the following best describes a client who has an illness?
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a. Someone who has well-controlled diabetes sr sr sr sr
b. Someone with hypercholesterolemia sr sr
c. Someone with a headache sr sr sr
d. Someone with coronary artery disease without sr sr sr sr sr
sr angina ANS: C sr s r
, Someone with a headache represents a person with an illness. An illness is made up of the subjective
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experience of the individual and the physical manifestation of disease. It can be described as a response
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characterized by a mismatch between a person‘s needs and the resources available to meet those needs. A person
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can have a disease without feeling ill. The other choices represent disease.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) sr sr sr REF: p. 6 sr
5. Which US report is considered a landmark document in creating a global approach to health?
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a. The 1990 Health Objectives for the Nation: A Midcourse Review
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b. Healthy People 2020 sr sr
c. Healthy People 2000 sr sr
d. The U.S. Surgeon General Report
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ANS: C s r
Healthy People 2000 and its Midcourse Review and 1995 Revisions were landmark documents in which a
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consortium of people representing national organizations worked with US Public Health Service officials to
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create a more global approach to health.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) sr sr sr REF: p. 6 sr
6. Which of the following represents a method of primary prevention?
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a. Informational session about healthy lifestyles sr sr sr sr
b. Blood pressure screening sr sr
c. Interventional cardiac catheterization sr sr
d. Diagnostic cardiac catheterization sr sr
ANS: A s r
Primary prevention precedes disease or dysfunction. It includes health promotion and specific protection and
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encourages increased awareness; thus, education about healthy lifestyles fits this definition. Blood pressure
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screening does not prevent disease, but instead identifies it.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) sr sr sr REF: p. 11 sr
7. Which of the following represents a method of secondary prevention?
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a. Self–breast examination education sr sr
b. Yearly mammograms sr
c. Chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer sr sr sr sr
d. Complete mastectomy for breast cancer sr sr sr sr
ANS: B s r
Screening is secondary prevention because the principal goal of screenings is to identify individuals in an early,
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
detectable stage of the disease process. A mammogram is a screening tool for breast cancer and thus is
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considered a method of secondary prevention.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) sr sr sr REF: p. 15 sr
8. Which of the following represents a method of tertiary prevention?
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a. Drunk driving campaign sr sr
b. Road blocks for drunk driving sr sr sr sr
c. Emergency surgery for head trauma after a motor vehicle accident sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
d. Physical and occupational therapy after a motor vehicle accident with head
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sr trauma ANS: D sr s r
, Physical therapy and occupational therapy are considered tertiary prevention. Tertiary prevention occurs when a
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defect or disability is permanent and irreversible. It involves minimizing the effect of disease and disability.
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The objective of tertiary prevention is to maximize remaining capacities.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) sr sr sr REF: p. 15 sr
9. In reviewing a person‘s medical claims, a nurse realizes that the individual with moderate persistent asthma has
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
had several emergency department visits and is not on inhaled steroids as recommended by the NHLBI
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
asthma management guidelines. The nurse discusses this with the person‘s primary care provider. In this
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scenario, the nurse is acting as a(n):
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
a. advocate.
b. care manager. sr
c. consultant.
d. educator.
ANS: B s r
Care managers act to prevent duplication of service and reduce cost. Care managers base recommendation
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on reliable data sources such as evidence-based practices and protocols.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) sr sr sr REF: p. 15 sr
10. During a home visit, a nurse assists an individual to complete an application for disability services. The nurse
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is acting as a(n):
sr sr sr sr
a. advocate.
b. care manager. sr
c. consultant.
d. educator.
ANS: A s r
The advocacy role of the nurse helps individuals obtain what they are entitled to receive from the health
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care system, tries to make the system more responsive to individuals‘ community needs, and assists
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individuals in developing skills to advocate for themselves.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) sr sr sr REF: p. 15 sr
11. During a home visit, a nurse discusses the dangers of smoking with an individual. In this scenario the nurse
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is acting as a(n):
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a. advocate.
b. care manager. sr
c. consultant.
d. educator.
ANS: D s r
Health education is a primary prevention technique available to avoid major causes of disease. Teaching can
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range from a chance remark to a planned lesson.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) sr sr sr REF: p. 16 sr
12. A nurse is asked to provide an expert opinion about the development of an education program
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for newly diagnosed diabetics. In this scenario, the nurse is acting as a(n):
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a. advocate.
b. care manager. sr
c. consultant.
d. educator.
, ANS: C s r
Nurses with a specialized area of expertise provide education about health promotion and disease prevention to
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
individuals and groups as consultants.
sr sr sr sr sr
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) sr sr sr REF: p. 16 sr
13. A nurse is planning to deliver an educational program to individuals with diabetes. Which of the
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following should be the initial action taken by the nurse to ensure the success of the program?
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a. Assess the motivation level of the individuals sr sr sr sr sr sr
b. Assess the knowledge level of the individuals sr sr sr sr sr sr
c. Establish teacher-learner goals with the individuals sr sr sr sr sr
d. Establish multiple teaching sessions with the individuals sr sr sr sr sr sr
ANS: B s r
Selection of the methods most likely to succeed involves the establishment of teacher-learner goals. Thus, the
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
first step by the nurse should be establishment of goals.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) sr sr sr REF: p. 16 sr
14. The conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care
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of individuals is known as:
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a. health-related quality of life. sr sr sr
b. evidence-based practice. sr
c. a Healthy People 2010 goal.
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d. the ecological model of health. sr sr sr sr
ANS: B s r
Evidence-based practice is defined as the conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence in
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making decisions about the care of individuals.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) sr sr sr REF: p. 16 sr
15. Which research methodology should be used to address the question, ―What is the difference in the
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
infection rates between individuals who receive twice-a-day dressing changes versus once-a-day
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dressing changes?‖
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a. Evidence-based practice research sr sr
b. Qualitative research sr
c. Quantitative research sr
d. Clinical judgment research sr sr
ANS: C s r
Quantitative research studies describe situations, correlate different variables related to care, or test causal
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relationships among variables related to care. Evidence-based practice research and clinical judgment research
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are not research methodologies; they are used to answer clinical questions.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) sr sr sr REF: p. 16 sr
16. The question, ―What is the experience of teenagers who lose a sibling to cancer?‖ can best be answered
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by using which research methodology?
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a. Evidence-based practice research sr sr
b. Qualitative research sr
c. Quantitative research sr
d. Clinical judgment research sr sr
sr ANS: B s r
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Edelman: Health Promotion Throughout the Life Span, 8th Edition
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
MULTIPLE CHOICE sr
1. Which model of health is most likely used by a person who does not believe in preventive health care?
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
a. Clinical model sr
b. Role performance model sr sr
c. Adaptive model sr
d. Eudaimonistic model sr
ANS: A s r
The clinical model of health views the absence of signs and symptoms of disease as indicative of health. People
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
who use this model wait until they are very sick to seek care.
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) sr sr sr REF: p. 3 sr
2. A person with chronic back pain is cared for by her primary care provider as well as
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
receives acupuncture. Which model of health does this person likely favor?
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
a. Clinical model sr
b. Role performance model sr sr
c. Adaptive model sr
d. Eudaimonistic model sr
ANS: D s r
The eudaimonistic model embodies the interaction and interrelationships among physical, social,
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
psychological, and spiritual aspects of life and the environment in goal attainment and creating meaning in
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
life. Practitioners who practice the clinical model may not be enough for someone who believes in the
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
eudaimonistic model. Those who believe in the eudaimonistic model often look for alternative providers of
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
care.
sr
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) sr sr sr REF: p. 3 sr
3. A state of physical, mental, spiritual, and social functioning that realizes a person‘s potential and is
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
experienced within a developmental context is known as:
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
a. growth and development. sr sr
b. health.
c. functioning.
d. high-level wellness. sr
ANS: B s r
Health is defined as a state of physical, mental, spiritual, and social functioning that realizes a person‘s potential
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
and is experienced within a developmental context.
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) sr sr sr REF: p. 5 sr
4. Which of the following best describes a client who has an illness?
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
a. Someone who has well-controlled diabetes sr sr sr sr
b. Someone with hypercholesterolemia sr sr
c. Someone with a headache sr sr sr
d. Someone with coronary artery disease without sr sr sr sr sr
sr angina ANS: C sr s r
, Someone with a headache represents a person with an illness. An illness is made up of the subjective
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
experience of the individual and the physical manifestation of disease. It can be described as a response
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
characterized by a mismatch between a person‘s needs and the resources available to meet those needs. A person
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
can have a disease without feeling ill. The other choices represent disease.
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) sr sr sr REF: p. 6 sr
5. Which US report is considered a landmark document in creating a global approach to health?
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
a. The 1990 Health Objectives for the Nation: A Midcourse Review
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
b. Healthy People 2020 sr sr
c. Healthy People 2000 sr sr
d. The U.S. Surgeon General Report
sr sr sr sr
ANS: C s r
Healthy People 2000 and its Midcourse Review and 1995 Revisions were landmark documents in which a
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
consortium of people representing national organizations worked with US Public Health Service officials to
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
create a more global approach to health.
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) sr sr sr REF: p. 6 sr
6. Which of the following represents a method of primary prevention?
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
a. Informational session about healthy lifestyles sr sr sr sr
b. Blood pressure screening sr sr
c. Interventional cardiac catheterization sr sr
d. Diagnostic cardiac catheterization sr sr
ANS: A s r
Primary prevention precedes disease or dysfunction. It includes health promotion and specific protection and
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
encourages increased awareness; thus, education about healthy lifestyles fits this definition. Blood pressure
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
screening does not prevent disease, but instead identifies it.
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) sr sr sr REF: p. 11 sr
7. Which of the following represents a method of secondary prevention?
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
a. Self–breast examination education sr sr
b. Yearly mammograms sr
c. Chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer sr sr sr sr
d. Complete mastectomy for breast cancer sr sr sr sr
ANS: B s r
Screening is secondary prevention because the principal goal of screenings is to identify individuals in an early,
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
detectable stage of the disease process. A mammogram is a screening tool for breast cancer and thus is
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
considered a method of secondary prevention.
sr sr sr sr sr sr
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) sr sr sr REF: p. 15 sr
8. Which of the following represents a method of tertiary prevention?
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
a. Drunk driving campaign sr sr
b. Road blocks for drunk driving sr sr sr sr
c. Emergency surgery for head trauma after a motor vehicle accident sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
d. Physical and occupational therapy after a motor vehicle accident with head
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
sr trauma ANS: D sr s r
, Physical therapy and occupational therapy are considered tertiary prevention. Tertiary prevention occurs when a
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
defect or disability is permanent and irreversible. It involves minimizing the effect of disease and disability.
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
The objective of tertiary prevention is to maximize remaining capacities.
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) sr sr sr REF: p. 15 sr
9. In reviewing a person‘s medical claims, a nurse realizes that the individual with moderate persistent asthma has
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
had several emergency department visits and is not on inhaled steroids as recommended by the NHLBI
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
asthma management guidelines. The nurse discusses this with the person‘s primary care provider. In this
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
scenario, the nurse is acting as a(n):
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
a. advocate.
b. care manager. sr
c. consultant.
d. educator.
ANS: B s r
Care managers act to prevent duplication of service and reduce cost. Care managers base recommendation
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
on reliable data sources such as evidence-based practices and protocols.
s r sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) sr sr sr REF: p. 15 sr
10. During a home visit, a nurse assists an individual to complete an application for disability services. The nurse
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
is acting as a(n):
sr sr sr sr
a. advocate.
b. care manager. sr
c. consultant.
d. educator.
ANS: A s r
The advocacy role of the nurse helps individuals obtain what they are entitled to receive from the health
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
care system, tries to make the system more responsive to individuals‘ community needs, and assists
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
individuals in developing skills to advocate for themselves.
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) sr sr sr REF: p. 15 sr
11. During a home visit, a nurse discusses the dangers of smoking with an individual. In this scenario the nurse
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
is acting as a(n):
sr sr sr sr
a. advocate.
b. care manager. sr
c. consultant.
d. educator.
ANS: D s r
Health education is a primary prevention technique available to avoid major causes of disease. Teaching can
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
range from a chance remark to a planned lesson.
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) sr sr sr REF: p. 16 sr
12. A nurse is asked to provide an expert opinion about the development of an education program
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
for newly diagnosed diabetics. In this scenario, the nurse is acting as a(n):
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
a. advocate.
b. care manager. sr
c. consultant.
d. educator.
, ANS: C s r
Nurses with a specialized area of expertise provide education about health promotion and disease prevention to
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
individuals and groups as consultants.
sr sr sr sr sr
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) sr sr sr REF: p. 16 sr
13. A nurse is planning to deliver an educational program to individuals with diabetes. Which of the
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
following should be the initial action taken by the nurse to ensure the success of the program?
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
a. Assess the motivation level of the individuals sr sr sr sr sr sr
b. Assess the knowledge level of the individuals sr sr sr sr sr sr
c. Establish teacher-learner goals with the individuals sr sr sr sr sr
d. Establish multiple teaching sessions with the individuals sr sr sr sr sr sr
ANS: B s r
Selection of the methods most likely to succeed involves the establishment of teacher-learner goals. Thus, the
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
first step by the nurse should be establishment of goals.
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) sr sr sr REF: p. 16 sr
14. The conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
of individuals is known as:
sr sr sr sr sr
a. health-related quality of life. sr sr sr
b. evidence-based practice. sr
c. a Healthy People 2010 goal.
sr sr sr sr
d. the ecological model of health. sr sr sr sr
ANS: B s r
Evidence-based practice is defined as the conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence in
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
making decisions about the care of individuals.
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) sr sr sr REF: p. 16 sr
15. Which research methodology should be used to address the question, ―What is the difference in the
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
infection rates between individuals who receive twice-a-day dressing changes versus once-a-day
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
dressing changes?‖
sr sr
a. Evidence-based practice research sr sr
b. Qualitative research sr
c. Quantitative research sr
d. Clinical judgment research sr sr
ANS: C s r
Quantitative research studies describe situations, correlate different variables related to care, or test causal
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
relationships among variables related to care. Evidence-based practice research and clinical judgment research
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
are not research methodologies; they are used to answer clinical questions.
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) sr sr sr REF: p. 16 sr
16. The question, ―What is the experience of teenagers who lose a sibling to cancer?‖ can best be answered
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
by using which research methodology?
sr sr sr sr sr
a. Evidence-based practice research sr sr
b. Qualitative research sr
c. Quantitative research sr
d. Clinical judgment research sr sr
sr ANS: B s r
