BCH 403 Exam 3 Questions with Correct Answers Graded A+

BCH 403 Exam 3 Questions with Correct Answers Graded A+ Essentially irreversible rxn - Answers flows in one direction, regulation sites of metabolic pathways Reversible rxn - Answers Direction of reaction depends on relative concentrations of reactants and products catabolic reactions - Answers Complex molecules are broken down to simpler ones and energy is released anabolic reactions - Answers synthesis of larger molecules from smaller ones + energy Endergonic process - Answers Non-spontaneous, delta G0, requires energy. Often couples with exergonic rxn Exergonic process - Answers Spontaneous, delta G0, releases energy ATP - Answers (adenosine triphosphate) main energy source derived from 3 high energy phosphate bonds Adenylate energy charge - Answers If high- High [ATP], low [AMP]; corresponds to cells turning on ATP storage pathways NAD+/NADP+ - Answers Oxidation (dehydrogenase reactions) NADH/NADPH - Answers Reduction (reductase reactions) B2 - Answers FAD B3 - Answers NAD/NADH B4 - Answers CoA (acetyl/acyl group carrier) Cofactors - Answers Prosthetic groups and coenzymes, often derivatives of B vitamins Glycogenesis - Answers glucose to glycogen, anabolic Glycolysis - Answers glucose to pyruvate, catabolic Glycogenolysis - Answers Glycogen to glucose, catabolic Gluconeogenesis - Answers Pyruvate to glucose, anabolic GLUT1 - Answers Responsible for basal level transport in tissues, primary transporter in erthyrocytes, blood brain barrier GLUT2 - Answers Bidirectional transporter, primary transporter in liver/kidney. Low affinity so blood glucose must be high to be taken up by liver GLUT3 - Answers Neurons and placenta GLUT4 - Answers Insulin dependent, skeletal and cardiac muscle, adipose tissue. 1 direction, low prevalence until insulin is present. Overall glycolysis equation - Answers Glucose + 2NAD+ 2ADP+ 2P yields 2 pyruvate + 2 NADH + 2 ATP Glycolysis step 1 - Answers Hexokinase/Glucokinase. First energy investment, esentially irreversible coupling rxn. Yields Glucose-6-Phosphate Hexokinase vs Glucokinase - Answers isoforms I/II/III have high affinity for glucose so it can't leave the call. Isoform IV is glucokinase, which has low affinity and broad substrate specificity Glycolysis Step 2 - Answers Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, produces fructose-6-phosphate. Readily reversible and rearranges atoms