HSC 300 exam Final Questions And Answers

Disease and Illness What is the meaning? - ANS A disease can be either a mental or physical condition. -Not all physical diseases are caused by pathogens. -They may have a genetic cause or may be caused by an autoimmune response. The perception of feeling the symptoms of a disease is considered an illness. -When people have the flu or a cold, they usually consider themselves ill. Health Definitions World health organization 2000 joint committee on health education terminology - ANS "A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity." (World Health Organization) "A quality of life involving dynamic interaction and independence among the individual's physical well-being, his (sic) mental and emotional reactions, the social complex in which he (sic) exists." (2000 Joint Committee on Health Education Terminology) "An integrated method of functioning that is oriented toward maximizing the potential of which the individual is capable." (2000 Joint Committee on Health Education Terminology) Illness Prevention Versus Health Enhancement - ANS Illness Prevention -Avoiding illness is highest priority -Motivated by return to health or alleviation of symptoms -Minimal goal -Desire immediate or short-term results -Need measurable results -Time-limited activity -Medical-centered motivation -Authority dominated -Fear as motivator -External checks mandatory -External rewards -Specific behaviors -Reactive (to symptoms or threat of symptoms) Health Enhancement -High health is high priority. Enjoy healthy behaviors. -Motivated by feeling good, better, or best -Maximal goal -Desire long-term results -More nebulous results are OK -On-going activity -Ego-centric motivation -Internal control -Accomplishment as motivator -Few external checks -Internal rewards -Diffuse behaviors -Proactive (doesn't need negative force) Orthodox Medicine Practices? - ANS Orthodox medicine is also known as traditional medicine. Practitioners of orthodox medicine include Physicians, Dentists, Nurses, Social Workers, Health Educators, etc. There are two types of traditional physicians: -An allopathic physician is the medical doctor (MD). -An osteopathic physician is the DO. -Both have similar academic training and clinical experiences. CAM Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) - ANS "Group of diverse medical and health care systems, practices, and products that are not presently considered to be part of conventional medicine." (National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine) Many such approaches emphasize the role of the individual in maintaining his or her health. CAM Complementary and Alternative Medicine - ANS Those therapies used to complement traditional medical therapies are identified as complementary (e.g., use of aromatherapy after surgery). Those used as a replacement for traditional medical practices are known as alternative (e.g., use of special diet for cancer rather than surgery or chemotherapy). CAM CAM and Orthodox Medicine-similarities and differences - ANS Both Orthodox Medicine and CAM embrace holistic health concepts. CAM practices are generally viewed as unorthodox from the standpoint of scientific medicine as currently taught in medical schools. Alternative health care is probably more emphatic on the role of the individual in maintaining his or her own health. Practitioners of Orthodox Medicine must fulfill certain kinds and amounts of training, education, and licensing. They tend to treat symptoms of a disease or some other sick or unhealthy state. Alternative healthcare givers embrace a wide variety of possible practices and emphasize the body's natural self restoration properties. CAM Therapies Five categories (as designated by the NCCAM) Alternative medical systems biological-based therapies mind-body interventions manipulative and body-based therapies energy therapies - ANS 1) Alternative medical systems -alternative medicine, traditional Chinese medicine, naturopathic medicine, and Ayurvedic medicine 2) Biologically based therapies-dietary supplements and herbal medicine 3) Mind-body interventions -meditation prayer mental healing art music and dance 4) Manipulative and body based therapies-chiropractic osteopath massage 5) Energy therapies-Qi gong,Reiki, therapeutic touch, pulse feels , magnetic fields Alternative medical systems - ANS homeopathic medicine, traditional Chinese medicine, naturopathic medicine, and Ayurvedic medicine Biologically based therapies - ANS dietary supplements and herbal medicine Mind-body interventions - ANS meditation, prayer, mental healing, art, music, and dance Manipulative and body based therapies - ANS chiropractic, osteopathic, and massage Energy therapies - ANS Qi gong, Reiki, therapeutic touch, pulsed fields, and magnetic fields CAM Therapies: other examples - ANS Prayer utilized for healing Faith healing Spirituality Acupuncture Acupressure Alexander Technique Reflexology Orthomolecular nutrition Aerobics Yoga Tai chi ch'uan Hypnosis Biofeedback Deep breathing exercises Clinical ecology Psychic and occult groups