Criminology - Unit 1.1 WJEC criminal?
deviant? both?
white collar crime - ANS-these crimes are criminal-they involve breaking the criminal law. but as
we have just seen, sometimes they don't appear so because they are invisible or are labelled as
breaches of regulations rather than 'real' crimes. they are also deviant and can cause great
harm. they often involve a betrayal of trust.
moral crime - ANS-moral crimes break the criminal law and are generally seen as deviant.
however, there may be less agreement about whether some of these acts should be against the
law.
state crime - ANS-actions such as war crimes, genocide, torture and police brutality are clearly
deviant-they go against widely accepted standards of behaviour. on most definitions, they are
also crimes. however, states make their own laws and can choose to define their actions as not
criminal. on the other hand, international law defines such human rights abuses as crimes. the
international criminal court can try those accused of genocide, war crimes and crimes against
humanity.
technological crimes - ANS-many of these actions are clearly both criminal and deviant, such as
viewing child pornography or defrauding people-they are against the law as well as against
generally accepted norms of behaviour. however, some actions, such as illegal downloading of
music, may be criminal but they are widely practiced and not considered deviant, at least by
large sections of society. other actions, such as viewing adult pornography, might be regarded
as deviant, without being illegal. likewise, not all trolling is illegal: some actions may be just
deviant (e.g. being rude about a person's appearance), but others are both deviant and illegal
(e.g. racist abuse or threats).
individual crime - hate crime - ANS-hate crimes are clearly against the criminal law and it is also
widely regarded as deviant behaviour to victimise a person because of their race, religion,
disability, sexual orientation or gender identity.
individual crime - honour crime - ANS-it is criminal behaviour that violates the victim's right to
choose how to live her life. wider society also regards this as deviant behaviour, since it is not
accepted that families should be able to control a woman's behaviour by the use of violence.
however, within some communities, gender norms mean that women are expected to behave in
certain ways and to face punishment if they fail to conform.
individual crime - domestic abuse - ANS-it is a crime and is widely accepted as being deviant
behaviour. however, the CSEW found that a small minority of both men and women thought it
was acceptable to hit or slap a partner in certain circumstances, such as having an affair or
cheating on them, flirting with other people, or constantly nagging.
deviant? both?
white collar crime - ANS-these crimes are criminal-they involve breaking the criminal law. but as
we have just seen, sometimes they don't appear so because they are invisible or are labelled as
breaches of regulations rather than 'real' crimes. they are also deviant and can cause great
harm. they often involve a betrayal of trust.
moral crime - ANS-moral crimes break the criminal law and are generally seen as deviant.
however, there may be less agreement about whether some of these acts should be against the
law.
state crime - ANS-actions such as war crimes, genocide, torture and police brutality are clearly
deviant-they go against widely accepted standards of behaviour. on most definitions, they are
also crimes. however, states make their own laws and can choose to define their actions as not
criminal. on the other hand, international law defines such human rights abuses as crimes. the
international criminal court can try those accused of genocide, war crimes and crimes against
humanity.
technological crimes - ANS-many of these actions are clearly both criminal and deviant, such as
viewing child pornography or defrauding people-they are against the law as well as against
generally accepted norms of behaviour. however, some actions, such as illegal downloading of
music, may be criminal but they are widely practiced and not considered deviant, at least by
large sections of society. other actions, such as viewing adult pornography, might be regarded
as deviant, without being illegal. likewise, not all trolling is illegal: some actions may be just
deviant (e.g. being rude about a person's appearance), but others are both deviant and illegal
(e.g. racist abuse or threats).
individual crime - hate crime - ANS-hate crimes are clearly against the criminal law and it is also
widely regarded as deviant behaviour to victimise a person because of their race, religion,
disability, sexual orientation or gender identity.
individual crime - honour crime - ANS-it is criminal behaviour that violates the victim's right to
choose how to live her life. wider society also regards this as deviant behaviour, since it is not
accepted that families should be able to control a woman's behaviour by the use of violence.
however, within some communities, gender norms mean that women are expected to behave in
certain ways and to face punishment if they fail to conform.
individual crime - domestic abuse - ANS-it is a crime and is widely accepted as being deviant
behaviour. however, the CSEW found that a small minority of both men and women thought it
was acceptable to hit or slap a partner in certain circumstances, such as having an affair or
cheating on them, flirting with other people, or constantly nagging.
