WJEC Criminology Unit 4 AC 3.1 + 3.4
What is social control? - ANS-Any strategies that prevent deviant or criminal behaviour
When were the police first created? - ANS-1829
Robert Peel
Philosophy and values of police: - ANS-Prevent crime and disorder
Honesty and integrity
Use physical force as a last resort
Equality and diversity
Aims and objectives of the police - ANS-Keep peace and maintain order
Protect life and property
Prevent, detect and investigate crimes
Interview and bring offenders to justice
What are some of the powers of the police? - ANS-Power of (under PACE 1984):
Arrest
Stop and Search
Kill the Bill
Where does police funding come from? - ANS-2/3 from central government
Most of the rest from local council tax
Small amount from charging for services e.g. policing football matches
What was the police budget in 2023/4? - ANS-Increase from earlier years
£17.2 billion
How many police officers were there in 2022? - ANS-164,000 (approx.)
Types of police officers: - ANS-General-most officers start here
Dog handlers
Firearms
Anti-terrorism
What types of offenders do the police work with? - ANS-All types of offenders and crimes
BUT prioritisation of crime from media pressure, Home Office and availability of resources
affects what they deal with
How many forces are there in England and Wales? - ANS-43 forces
Strengths of police - ANS-Can prevent crimes from getting worse (fast response)
, Specialist units=more effective response
2017 annual survey found police's approach to DV better than 10 years ago
Police presence can reduce crime-Braga et al found in 62/78 studies crimes fell in areas where
police were present
Limitations of police - ANS-Police are institutionally racist-Macpherson report 1999 after
Stephen Lawrence's murder
Office of National statistics found in 2017, 48% of cases were closed by police with no suspect
found
Novak et al-after 30 days of patrolling crime levels increased again (loss of fear + displacement
of crime)
Police prioritisation e.g. Durham weed
Case study for limitations of police: - ANS-Puppy farm murders-John Lowe
Lowe had his guns + license seized by police for threatening to kill
Returned 5 months later
Murdered his wife and stepdaughter
Police took 45 minutes to get to scene
When was the CPS established? - ANS-1986
Why was the CPS established? - ANS-To combat the issue of bias from police investigations to
the court case
Role of CPS - ANS-Decide whether to prosecute
Analyse evidence based on Full Code test
Advise police on lines of enquiry
Philosophy and values of CPS: - ANS-Independence and fairness
Honesty and openness
Treating everyone with respect
Behaving professionally
Striving for excellence, equality and inclusion
Aims and objectives of CPS: - ANS-To advise the police on their investigations about lines of
inquiry and evidence needed to build a case.
Independently assess the evidence submitted by the police
Decide whether to prosecute or whether to abandon a case.
Prepares the prosecution case and present it to the court
Assists, informs and supports victims prosecution witnesses.
How is the CPS funded? - ANS-Most of the CPS's income comes from the government
CPS recovers some of its costs when the courts award costs against defendents
Also recovers assets confiscated from defendants
What is social control? - ANS-Any strategies that prevent deviant or criminal behaviour
When were the police first created? - ANS-1829
Robert Peel
Philosophy and values of police: - ANS-Prevent crime and disorder
Honesty and integrity
Use physical force as a last resort
Equality and diversity
Aims and objectives of the police - ANS-Keep peace and maintain order
Protect life and property
Prevent, detect and investigate crimes
Interview and bring offenders to justice
What are some of the powers of the police? - ANS-Power of (under PACE 1984):
Arrest
Stop and Search
Kill the Bill
Where does police funding come from? - ANS-2/3 from central government
Most of the rest from local council tax
Small amount from charging for services e.g. policing football matches
What was the police budget in 2023/4? - ANS-Increase from earlier years
£17.2 billion
How many police officers were there in 2022? - ANS-164,000 (approx.)
Types of police officers: - ANS-General-most officers start here
Dog handlers
Firearms
Anti-terrorism
What types of offenders do the police work with? - ANS-All types of offenders and crimes
BUT prioritisation of crime from media pressure, Home Office and availability of resources
affects what they deal with
How many forces are there in England and Wales? - ANS-43 forces
Strengths of police - ANS-Can prevent crimes from getting worse (fast response)
, Specialist units=more effective response
2017 annual survey found police's approach to DV better than 10 years ago
Police presence can reduce crime-Braga et al found in 62/78 studies crimes fell in areas where
police were present
Limitations of police - ANS-Police are institutionally racist-Macpherson report 1999 after
Stephen Lawrence's murder
Office of National statistics found in 2017, 48% of cases were closed by police with no suspect
found
Novak et al-after 30 days of patrolling crime levels increased again (loss of fear + displacement
of crime)
Police prioritisation e.g. Durham weed
Case study for limitations of police: - ANS-Puppy farm murders-John Lowe
Lowe had his guns + license seized by police for threatening to kill
Returned 5 months later
Murdered his wife and stepdaughter
Police took 45 minutes to get to scene
When was the CPS established? - ANS-1986
Why was the CPS established? - ANS-To combat the issue of bias from police investigations to
the court case
Role of CPS - ANS-Decide whether to prosecute
Analyse evidence based on Full Code test
Advise police on lines of enquiry
Philosophy and values of CPS: - ANS-Independence and fairness
Honesty and openness
Treating everyone with respect
Behaving professionally
Striving for excellence, equality and inclusion
Aims and objectives of CPS: - ANS-To advise the police on their investigations about lines of
inquiry and evidence needed to build a case.
Independently assess the evidence submitted by the police
Decide whether to prosecute or whether to abandon a case.
Prepares the prosecution case and present it to the court
Assists, informs and supports victims prosecution witnesses.
How is the CPS funded? - ANS-Most of the CPS's income comes from the government
CPS recovers some of its costs when the courts award costs against defendents
Also recovers assets confiscated from defendants
