SLCC Pathophysiology Exam 3 Fall 2025 Questions and Answers

SLCC Pathophysiology Exam 3 Fall 2025
Questions and Answers
DrugATherapy-AngiotensinAReceptorABlockerA-ACORRECTAANSWERS-ARB
*endAinA-in
DrugATherapy-AngiotensinAConvertingAEnzymeA-ACORRECTAANSWERS-ACEAInhibitor
DrugATherapy-BetaAblockerA-ACORRECTAANSWERS-
BlocksAbetaAreceptorsAIA(heart)A&AIIA(lungs).AHeartAslowsAdownAandAlowersAbloodApressure
.ACausesAlungsAtoAbronco-dilateAandAcausesAcoughing.A
*EndAinA-olol
DrugATherapy-Diltiazem,ANiphedipine,AVerapamilA-ACORRECTAANSWERS-
CalciumAChannelABlockersA(D,AN,AV)
DrugATherapy-
furosemideA(Lasix),AhydroclorthiazideA(HcTz),AspironolactoneA(SparesAK+)A-
ACORRECTAANSWERS-DiureticsA(FA(Lasix),AH,AS)

AcuteA(Adult)ARespiratoryADistressASyndromeA(ARDS)A-ACORRECTAANSWERS-
startsAwithAanA*AcuteAlungAinjury/insult*A(ALI)AofAsomeAtypeA(infection/sepsis,Atrauma,Ahyp
oxicAevent,AaspirationAofAgastricAjuices/vomit,ApulmonaryAembolism,AbloodAtransfusionArea
ction,Aetc.)AthatAcausesASEVEREALUNGAINFLAMMATIONAor
SIRSA(SystemicAInflammatoryAResponseASyndrome)
ResponseAtoAARDSA-ACORRECTAANSWERS-
BodyAreleasesAchemicalAmediators,AclottingAfactors,AvasodilatingAagents,Aetc.AwhichAdam
ageAtheAlungAfurther.A
TheAalveoliAandAsurroundingAcapillaryAbedAisAseverelyAdamagedAandArenderedAuseless.A
TheAlungAstopsAproducingAsurfactantAwhichAleadsAtoAatelectasis.
FirstAStageAARDSA-ACORRECTAANSWERS-RESPIRATORYAALKALOSIS
LungsAinitiallyAtryAtoAcompensateAforAhypoxiaAbyAbreathingAfasterA(tachypneaAwhichAwillAc
auseAhyperventilation).A

RESPIRATORYAALKALOSISAbeginsAbecauseACO2A(anAacid)AbeingAremovedAfromAtheAbo
dy.
IntermediateAStageAARDS-AACIDOSISA-ACORRECTAANSWERS-
ACIDOSISA[RespiratoryAandAMetabolic]
AsAhypoxiaAworsens,AtheAlungsAwillAnotAbeAableAtoAmaintainAtheAfastArateAofAbreathingAandA
thenARESPIRATORYAACIDOSISAwillAdevelopAasACO2AbuildsAup.A

METABOLICAACIDOSISAwillAalsoAdevelopAasAtheAacidAfromACO2AandAbreakdownAofAcellsA
increases.

WithoutAadequateAO2AforAmetabolism,AtheAbodyAmovesAfromAaerobicAtoAanaerobicAmetab
olismAandAproducesAlactate,AwhichAisAalsoAanAacid.
IntermediateAStage-APULMONARYAEDEMAA-ACORRECTAANSWERS-
PULMONARYAEDEMA

,TheAcombinationAofAhypoxiaAandAacidosisAcausesAdamageAtoAtheAepithelialAwallAbetweenA
theAalveoliAandAtheAadjacentAcapillariesAthatAformsAtheAblood/airAbarrier.A

MembraneAdamaged-
AfluidAfromAbloodAseepsAintoAairAsacsAandAdrownAtheApatientAslowlyA(orArapidlyAinAsomeAcas

esAofAsepsis)A

DamagedAliningAstartsAoozingAveryAthickAexudate/"pus"AwhichAcannotAbeAclearedAoutAofAth
eAalveoli.
IntermediateAstate:ABLOODACLOTTINGA-ACORRECTAANSWERS-
PlateletsArespondAtoAtheAinflammationAandAtissueAdamageAbyAmakingAmicroAclotsAthrough
outAtheAlungAtissue.A

ThisAaddsAtoAtheAproblemAbyAblockingAperfusion,AwhichAinAturnAleadsAtoAworseningAhypoxi
a.
LateAstage:ARESPIRATORYAFAILUREA-ACORRECTAANSWERS-
TheAcontinuedAacidosisAandAtissueAdeathAultimatelyAcauseAfurtherAhypoxia,AdecreasedAca
rdiacAoutput,Ahypotension,AandAdeath.A
AboutA40%AofAtheApeopleAwhoAdevelopAARDSAwillAdieAfromAtheAcomplications.
PTAthatAsurviveAhaveApermanentAlungAdamage-
AlungAscarring,Acognitive/psychologicalAimpairmentsAdueAtoAlackAofAO2AandAPTSD

AsthmaA-ACORRECTAANSWERS-ChronicAinflammatoryAdisorderAofAairway
InflammationAresultsAfromAHYPER-RESPONSIVENESSAofAtheAairwayA

AsthmaAattack→MastACellsAburst→inflammation→reducedAairAflow
Causes/TriggersAofAAsthmaA-ACORRECTAANSWERS-
airborneAirritantsAfromApollenAtoAperfume
exercise
infections
airApollution
anxiety
S/SAAsthmaA-ACORRECTAANSWERS-SOB
↑ACO2
Retractions
TighteningAofAtheAchest
Wheezing
Tachypnea
Cough
↑ARestlessness
Tachycardia
AtelectasisA-ACORRECTAANSWERS-AirAsacA(alveoli)ACANNOTAEXPAND
1.ABlockageAofAbronchusAorAbronchioles
2.APressureAonAtheAoutsideAofAlungA(tumor)
3.ASurfactantAfailure
TypesAofAAtelectasisA-ACORRECTAANSWERS-Absorption-
AalveoliACANNOTAEXPANDAbecauseAairwayAisAblocked

, Compression-AoutsideApressureApushingAonAtheAalveoliAcollapsingAit
S/SAAtelectasisA-ACORRECTAANSWERS-Dyspnea,AchestApainAorAcough.
RiskAfactorsAAtelectasisA-ACORRECTAANSWERS-Anesthesia-AAbsorption
ForeignAobject-AAbsorption
LungAdisease/inflammationAofAairway-AAbsorptionA
MucusApluggingAairway-AAbsorption
ProlongedAbedrest-AAbsorption
ShallowAbreathingAdueAtoApain-AAbsorption
PressureAonAlungsAfromApleuralAeffusion-ACompression
TumorAblockingAairway-ACompression
TxAAtelectasisA-ACORRECTAANSWERS-incentiveAspirometry
TCDBA(Turn,ACough,ADeepABreath)
ChronicAObstructiveAPulmonaryADiseasesA(COPD)A-ACORRECTAANSWERS-
groupAofAlungAdiseasesAthatAblockAairflowAandAmakeAbreathingAdifficult

AllACOPDAdxAareAObstructive
TypesAofACOPDA-ACORRECTAANSWERS-Emphysema
ChronicABronchitis
CysticAFibrosis
Asthma
S/SAofACOPDA-ACORRECTAANSWERS-
oftenAdoAnotAappearAuntilAsignificantAlungAdamageAhasAoccurred
worsenAoverAtime

easilyAfatigued
frequentArespiratoryAinfections
orthopneic
wheezing
pursedAlipAbreathing
barrelAchest
prolongedAexpiratoryAtime
increasedAsputum
RiskAFactorsAofACOPDA-ACORRECTAANSWERS-SmokingA(leadingAcause)
AirApollution
ChemicalAFumes
Dust
AirflowAProblems/CausesAinACOPDA-ACORRECTAANSWERS-
TheAairwaysAandAairAsacsAloseAtheirAelasticAquality.
TheAwallsAbetweenAmanyAofAtheAairAsacsAareAdestroyed.
TheAwallsAofAtheAairwaysAbecomeAthickAandAinflamed.
TheAairwaysAmakeAmoreAmucusAthanAusual,AwhichAcanAclogAthem.
CysticAFibrosisA-ACORRECTAANSWERS-MultisystemAdisease
ImpairedAChlorideAandASodiumAreabsorption.A
ExocrineAglandAsecreteAabnormallyAthickAmucusAwhichAobstructsAtheAbronchioles